/luni/src/test/java/libcore/javax/crypto/CipherTest.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package libcore.javax.crypto;

import com.android.org.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.KeyUsage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Provider;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPrivateKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.ShortBufferException;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import libcore.java.security.StandardNames;
import libcore.java.security.TestKeyStore;

public final class CipherTest extends TestCase {

    private static final String[] RSA_PROVIDERS = ((StandardNames.IS_RI)
                                                   ? new String[] { "SunJCE" }
                                                   : new String[] { "BC" , "AndroidOpenSSL" });

    private static final String[] AES_PROVIDERS = ((StandardNames.IS_RI)
                                                   ? new String[] { "SunJCE" }
                                                   : new String[] { "BC" }); // TOOD: , "AndroidOpenSSL"

    private static final boolean IS_UNLIMITED;
    static {
        boolean is_unlimited;
        if (StandardNames.IS_RI) {
            try {
                String algorithm = "PBEWITHMD5ANDTRIPLEDES";
                Cipher.getInstance(algorithm).init(getEncryptMode(algorithm),
                                                   getEncryptKey(algorithm),
                                                   getAlgorithmParameterSpec(algorithm));
                is_unlimited = true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                is_unlimited = false;
                System.out.println("WARNING: Some tests disabled due to lack of "
                                   + "'Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files'");
            }
        } else {
            is_unlimited = true;
        }
        IS_UNLIMITED = is_unlimited;
    }

    private static boolean isUnsupported(String algorithm) {
        if (algorithm.equals("RC2")) {
            return true;
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHMD5ANDRC2")) {
            return true;
        }
        if (algorithm.startsWith("PBEWITHSHA1ANDRC2")) {
            return true;
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND40BITRC2-CBC")) {
            return true;
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITRC2-CBC")) {
            return true;
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAANDTWOFISH-CBC")) {
            return true;
        }
        if (!IS_UNLIMITED) {
            if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHMD5ANDTRIPLEDES")) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private synchronized static int getEncryptMode(String algorithm) throws Exception {
        if (isWrap(algorithm)) {
            return Cipher.WRAP_MODE;
        }
        return Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE;
    }

    private synchronized static int getDecryptMode(String algorithm) throws Exception {
        if (isWrap(algorithm)) {
            return Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE;
        }
        return Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE;
    }

    private static String getBaseAlgorithm(String algorithm) {
        if (algorithm.equals("AESWRAP")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.startsWith("AES/")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHMD5AND128BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHMD5AND192BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHMD5AND256BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHA256AND128BITAES-CBC-BC")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHA256AND192BITAES-CBC-BC")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHA256AND256BITAES-CBC-BC")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITAES-CBC-BC")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND192BITAES-CBC-BC")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND256BITAES-CBC-BC")) {
            return "AES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHMD5ANDDES")) {
            return "DES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDES")) {
            return "DES";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("DESEDEWRAP")) {
            return "DESEDE";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND2-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC")) {
            return "DESEDE";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND3-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC")) {
            return "DESEDE";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHMD5ANDTRIPLEDES")) {
            return "DESEDE";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDESEDE")) {
            return "DESEDE";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("RSA/ECB/NOPADDING")) {
            return "RSA";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING")) {
            return "RSA";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND40BITRC4")) {
            return "ARC4";
        }
        if (algorithm.equals("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITRC4")) {
            return "ARC4";
        }
        return algorithm;
    }

    private static boolean isAsymmetric(String algorithm) {
        return getBaseAlgorithm(algorithm).equals("RSA");
    }

    private static boolean isWrap(String algorithm) {
        return algorithm.endsWith("WRAP");
    }

    private static boolean isPBE(String algorithm) {
        return algorithm.startsWith("PBE");
    }

    private static Map<String, Key> ENCRYPT_KEYS = new HashMap<String, Key>();
    private synchronized static Key getEncryptKey(String algorithm) throws Exception {
        Key key = ENCRYPT_KEYS.get(algorithm);
        if (key != null) {
            return key;
        }
        if (algorithm.startsWith("RSA")) {
            KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            RSAPrivateKeySpec keySpec = new RSAPrivateKeySpec(RSA_2048_modulus,
                                                              RSA_2048_privateExponent);
            key = kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);
        } else if (isPBE(algorithm)) {
            SecretKeyFactory skf = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
            key = skf.generateSecret(new PBEKeySpec("secret".toCharArray()));
        } else {
            KeyGenerator kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(getBaseAlgorithm(algorithm));
            if (StandardNames.IS_RI && algorithm.equals("AES")) {
                kg.init(128);
            }
            key = kg.generateKey();
        }
        ENCRYPT_KEYS.put(algorithm, key);
        return key;
    }

    private static Map<String, Key> DECRYPT_KEYS = new HashMap<String, Key>();
    private synchronized static Key getDecryptKey(String algorithm) throws Exception {
        Key key = DECRYPT_KEYS.get(algorithm);
        if (key != null) {
            return key;
        }
        if (algorithm.startsWith("RSA")) {
            KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            RSAPublicKeySpec keySpec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(RSA_2048_modulus,
                                                            RSA_2048_publicExponent);
            key = kf.generatePublic(keySpec);
        } else {
            assertFalse(algorithm, isAsymmetric(algorithm));
            key = getEncryptKey(algorithm);
        }
        DECRYPT_KEYS.put(algorithm, key);
        return key;
    }

    private static Map<String, Integer> EXPECTED_BLOCK_SIZE = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
    static {
        setExpectedBlockSize("AES", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHMD5AND128BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHMD5AND192BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHMD5AND256BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND128BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND192BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND256BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHAAND192BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHAAND256BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);

        if (StandardNames.IS_RI) {
            setExpectedBlockSize("AESWRAP", 16);
        } else {
            setExpectedBlockSize("AESWRAP", 0);
        }

        setExpectedBlockSize("ARC4", 0);
        setExpectedBlockSize("ARCFOUR", 0);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHAAND40BITRC4", 0);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITRC4", 0);

        setExpectedBlockSize("BLOWFISH", 8);

        setExpectedBlockSize("DES", 8);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHMD5ANDDES", 8);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDES", 8);

        setExpectedBlockSize("DESEDE", 8);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHAAND2-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC", 8);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHAAND3-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC", 8);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHMD5ANDTRIPLEDES", 8);
        setExpectedBlockSize("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDESEDE", 8);


        if (StandardNames.IS_RI) {
            setExpectedBlockSize("DESEDEWRAP", 8);
        } else {
            setExpectedBlockSize("DESEDEWRAP", 0);
        }

        if (StandardNames.IS_RI) {
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA", 0);
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", 0);
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", 0);
        } else {
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 256);
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 256);
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 245);

            // BC strips the leading 0 for us even when NoPadding is specified
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, "BC", 255);
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, "BC", 255);

            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 256);
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 256);
            setExpectedBlockSize("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 256);
        }
    }

    private static String modeKey(String algorithm, int mode) {
        return algorithm + ":" + mode;
    }

    private static String modeProviderKey(String algorithm, int mode, String provider) {
        return algorithm + ":" + mode + ":" + provider;
    }

    private static void setExpectedSize(Map<String, Integer> map,
                                        String algorithm, int value) {
        algorithm = algorithm.toUpperCase(Locale.US);
        map.put(algorithm, value);
    }

    private static void setExpectedSize(Map<String, Integer> map,
                                        String algorithm, int mode, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(map, modeKey(algorithm, mode), value);
    }

    private static void setExpectedSize(Map<String, Integer> map,
                                        String algorithm, int mode, String provider, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(map, modeProviderKey(algorithm, mode, provider), value);
    }

    private static int getExpectedSize(Map<String, Integer> map, String algorithm, int mode, String provider) {
        Integer expected = map.get(modeProviderKey(algorithm, mode, provider));
        if (expected != null) {
            return expected;
        }
        expected = map.get(modeKey(algorithm, mode));
        if (expected != null) {
            return expected;
        }
        expected = map.get(algorithm);
        assertNotNull("Algorithm " + algorithm + " not found in " + map, expected);
        return expected;
    }

    private static void setExpectedBlockSize(String algorithm, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(EXPECTED_BLOCK_SIZE, algorithm, value);
    }

    private static void setExpectedBlockSize(String algorithm, int mode, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(EXPECTED_BLOCK_SIZE, algorithm, mode, value);
    }

    private static void setExpectedBlockSize(String algorithm, int mode, String provider, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(EXPECTED_BLOCK_SIZE, algorithm, mode, provider, value);
    }

    private static int getExpectedBlockSize(String algorithm, int mode, String provider) {
        return getExpectedSize(EXPECTED_BLOCK_SIZE, algorithm, mode, provider);
    }

    private static Map<String, Integer> EXPECTED_OUTPUT_SIZE = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
    static {
        setExpectedOutputSize("AES", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5AND128BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5AND192BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5AND256BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND128BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND192BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND256BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND192BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND256BITAES-CBC-BC", 16);

        setExpectedOutputSize("AES", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5AND128BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5AND192BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5AND256BITAES-CBC-OPENSSL", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND128BITAES-CBC-BC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND192BITAES-CBC-BC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA256AND256BITAES-CBC-BC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITAES-CBC-BC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND192BITAES-CBC-BC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND256BITAES-CBC-BC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);

        if (StandardNames.IS_RI) {
            setExpectedOutputSize("AESWRAP", Cipher.WRAP_MODE, 8);
            setExpectedOutputSize("AESWRAP", Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE, 0);
        } else {
            setExpectedOutputSize("AESWRAP", -1);
        }

        setExpectedOutputSize("ARC4", 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("ARCFOUR", 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND40BITRC4", 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND128BITRC4", 0);

        setExpectedOutputSize("BLOWFISH", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);
        setExpectedOutputSize("BLOWFISH", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);

        setExpectedOutputSize("DES", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5ANDDES", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDES", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);

        setExpectedOutputSize("DES", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5ANDDES", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDES", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);

        setExpectedOutputSize("DESEDE", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND2-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND3-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5ANDTRIPLEDES", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDESEDE", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 8);

        setExpectedOutputSize("DESEDE", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND2-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHAAND3-KEYTRIPLEDES-CBC", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHMD5ANDTRIPLEDES", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);
        setExpectedOutputSize("PBEWITHSHA1ANDDESEDE", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 0);

        if (StandardNames.IS_RI) {
            setExpectedOutputSize("DESEDEWRAP", Cipher.WRAP_MODE, 16);
            setExpectedOutputSize("DESEDEWRAP", Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE, 0);
        } else {
            setExpectedOutputSize("DESEDEWRAP", -1);
        }

        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 256);
        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 256);
        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, 256);

        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 256);
        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 256);
        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, 245);

        // BC strips the leading 0 for us even when NoPadding is specified
        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, "BC", 255);
        setExpectedOutputSize("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, "BC", 255);
    }

    private static void setExpectedOutputSize(String algorithm, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(EXPECTED_OUTPUT_SIZE, algorithm, value);
    }

    private static void setExpectedOutputSize(String algorithm, int mode, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(EXPECTED_OUTPUT_SIZE, algorithm, mode, value);
    }

    private static void setExpectedOutputSize(String algorithm, int mode, String provider, int value) {
        setExpectedSize(EXPECTED_OUTPUT_SIZE, algorithm, mode, provider, value);
    }

    private static int getExpectedOutputSize(String algorithm, int mode, String provider) {
        return getExpectedSize(EXPECTED_OUTPUT_SIZE, algorithm, mode, provider);
    }

    private static byte[] ORIGINAL_PLAIN_TEXT = new byte[] { 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c };
    private static byte[] PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_00_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT = new byte[] {
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c
    };
    private static byte[] PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_01_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT = new byte[] {
        (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x0a, (byte) 0x0b, (byte) 0x0c
    };
    private static byte[] PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_02_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT = new byte[] {
        (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff,
        (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x0a, (byte) 0x0b, (byte) 0x0c
    };

    private static byte[] getExpectedPlainText(String algorithm) {
        if (algorithm.equals("RSA/ECB/NOPADDING")) {
            return PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_00_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT;
        }
        return ORIGINAL_PLAIN_TEXT;
    }

    private static AlgorithmParameterSpec getAlgorithmParameterSpec(String algorithm) {
        if (!isPBE(algorithm)) {
            return null;
        }
        final byte[] salt = new byte[8];
        new SecureRandom().nextBytes(salt);
        return new PBEParameterSpec(salt, 1024);
    }

    public void test_getInstance() throws Exception {
        final ByteArrayOutputStream errBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        PrintStream out = new PrintStream(errBuffer);

        Set<String> seenBaseCipherNames = new HashSet<String>();
        Set<String> seenCiphersWithModeAndPadding = new HashSet<String>();

        Provider[] providers = Security.getProviders();
        for (Provider provider : providers) {
            Set<Provider.Service> services = provider.getServices();
            for (Provider.Service service : services) {
                String type = service.getType();
                if (!type.equals("Cipher")) {
                    continue;
                }

                String algorithm = service.getAlgorithm();

                /*
                 * Any specific modes and paddings aren't tested directly here,
                 * but we need to make sure we see the bare algorithm from some
                 * provider. We will test each mode specifically when we get the
                 * base cipher.
                 */
                final int firstSlash = algorithm.indexOf('/');
                if (firstSlash == -1) {
                    seenBaseCipherNames.add(algorithm);
                } else {
                    final String baseCipherName = algorithm.substring(0, firstSlash);
                    if (!seenBaseCipherNames.contains(baseCipherName)) {
                        seenCiphersWithModeAndPadding.add(baseCipherName);
                    }
                    continue;
                }

                try {
                    test_Cipher_Algorithm(provider, algorithm);
                } catch (Throwable e) {
                    out.append("Error encountered checking " + algorithm
                               + " with provider " + provider.getName() + "\n");
                    e.printStackTrace(out);
                }

                Set<String> modes = StandardNames.getModesForCipher(algorithm);
                if (modes != null) {
                    for (String mode : modes) {
                        Set<String> paddings = StandardNames.getPaddingsForCipher(algorithm);
                        if (paddings != null) {
                            for (String padding : paddings) {
                                final String algorithmName = algorithm + "/" + mode + "/" + padding;
                                try {
                                    test_Cipher_Algorithm(provider, algorithmName);
                                } catch (Throwable e) {
                                    out.append("Error encountered checking " + algorithmName
                                               + " with provider " + provider.getName() + "\n");
                                    e.printStackTrace(out);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        seenCiphersWithModeAndPadding.removeAll(seenBaseCipherNames);
        assertEquals("Ciphers seen with mode and padding but not base cipher",
                Collections.EMPTY_SET, seenCiphersWithModeAndPadding);

        out.flush();
        if (errBuffer.size() > 0) {
            throw new Exception("Errors encountered:\n\n" + errBuffer.toString() + "\n\n");
        }
    }

    private void test_Cipher_Algorithm(Provider provider, String algorithm) throws Exception {
        // Cipher.getInstance(String)
        Cipher c1 = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm);
        assertEquals(algorithm, c1.getAlgorithm());
        test_Cipher(c1);

        // Cipher.getInstance(String, Provider)
        Cipher c2 = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm, provider);
        assertEquals(algorithm, c2.getAlgorithm());
        assertEquals(provider, c2.getProvider());
        test_Cipher(c2);

        // KeyGenerator.getInstance(String, String)
        Cipher c3 = Cipher.getInstance(algorithm, provider.getName());
        assertEquals(algorithm, c3.getAlgorithm());
        assertEquals(provider, c3.getProvider());
        test_Cipher(c3);
    }

    private void test_Cipher(Cipher c) throws Exception {
        String algorithm = c.getAlgorithm().toUpperCase(Locale.US);
        if (isUnsupported(algorithm)) {
            return;
        }
        String providerName = c.getProvider().getName();
        String cipherID = algorithm + ":" + providerName;

        try {
            c.getOutputSize(0);
        } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
        }

        // TODO: test keys from different factories (e.g. OpenSSLRSAPrivateKey vs JCERSAPrivateKey)
        Key encryptKey = getEncryptKey(algorithm);

        final AlgorithmParameterSpec spec = getAlgorithmParameterSpec(algorithm);

        int encryptMode = getEncryptMode(algorithm);
        c.init(encryptMode, encryptKey, spec);
        assertEquals(cipherID, getExpectedBlockSize(algorithm, encryptMode, providerName), c.getBlockSize());
        assertEquals(cipherID, getExpectedOutputSize(algorithm, encryptMode, providerName), c.getOutputSize(0));
        int decryptMode = getDecryptMode(algorithm);
        c.init(decryptMode, encryptKey, spec);
        assertEquals(cipherID, getExpectedBlockSize(algorithm, decryptMode, providerName), c.getBlockSize());
        assertEquals(cipherID, getExpectedOutputSize(algorithm, decryptMode, providerName), c.getOutputSize(0));

        // TODO: test Cipher.getIV()

        // TODO: test Cipher.getParameters()

        assertNull(cipherID, c.getExemptionMechanism());

        c.init(getEncryptMode(algorithm), encryptKey, spec);
        if (isWrap(algorithm)) {
            byte[] cipherText = c.wrap(encryptKey);
            c.init(getDecryptMode(algorithm), getDecryptKey(algorithm), spec);
            int keyType = (isAsymmetric(algorithm)) ? Cipher.PRIVATE_KEY : Cipher.SECRET_KEY;
            Key decryptedKey = c.unwrap(cipherText, encryptKey.getAlgorithm(), keyType);
            assertEquals("encryptKey.getAlgorithm()=" + encryptKey.getAlgorithm()
                         + " decryptedKey.getAlgorithm()=" + decryptedKey.getAlgorithm()
                         + " encryptKey.getEncoded()=" + Arrays.toString(encryptKey.getEncoded())
                         + " decryptedKey.getEncoded()=" + Arrays.toString(decryptedKey.getEncoded()),
                         encryptKey, decryptedKey);
        } else {
            byte[] cipherText = c.doFinal(ORIGINAL_PLAIN_TEXT);
            c.init(getDecryptMode(algorithm), getDecryptKey(algorithm), spec);
            byte[] decryptedPlainText = c.doFinal(cipherText);
            assertEquals(cipherID,
                         Arrays.toString(getExpectedPlainText(algorithm)),
                         Arrays.toString(decryptedPlainText));
        }
    }

    public void testInputPKCS1Padding() throws Exception {
        for (String provider : RSA_PROVIDERS) {
            testInputPKCS1Padding(provider);
        }
    }

    private void testInputPKCS1Padding(String provider) throws Exception {
        testInputPKCS1Padding(provider, PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_01_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT, getEncryptKey("RSA"), getDecryptKey("RSA"));
        try {
            testInputPKCS1Padding(provider, PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_02_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT, getEncryptKey("RSA"), getDecryptKey("RSA"));
            fail();
        } catch (BadPaddingException expected) {
        }
        try {
            testInputPKCS1Padding(provider, PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_01_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT, getDecryptKey("RSA"), getEncryptKey("RSA"));
            fail();
        } catch (BadPaddingException expected) {
        }
        testInputPKCS1Padding(provider, PKCS1_BLOCK_TYPE_02_PADDED_PLAIN_TEXT, getDecryptKey("RSA"), getEncryptKey("RSA"));
    }

    private void testInputPKCS1Padding(String provider, byte[] prePaddedPlainText, Key encryptKey, Key decryptKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher encryptCipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", provider);
        encryptCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, encryptKey);
        byte[] cipherText = encryptCipher.doFinal(prePaddedPlainText);
        Cipher decryptCipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", provider);
        decryptCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, decryptKey);
        byte[] plainText = decryptCipher.doFinal(cipherText);
        assertEquals(Arrays.toString(ORIGINAL_PLAIN_TEXT),
                     Arrays.toString(plainText));
    }

    public void testOutputPKCS1Padding() throws Exception {
        for (String provider : RSA_PROVIDERS) {
            testOutputPKCS1Padding(provider);
        }
    }

    private void testOutputPKCS1Padding(String provider) throws Exception {
       testOutputPKCS1Padding(provider, (byte) 1, getEncryptKey("RSA"), getDecryptKey("RSA"));
       testOutputPKCS1Padding(provider, (byte) 2, getDecryptKey("RSA"), getEncryptKey("RSA"));
    }

    private void testOutputPKCS1Padding(String provider, byte expectedBlockType, Key encryptKey, Key decryptKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher encryptCipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding", provider);
        encryptCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, encryptKey);
        byte[] cipherText = encryptCipher.doFinal(ORIGINAL_PLAIN_TEXT);
        Cipher decryptCipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/NoPadding", provider);
        decryptCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, decryptKey);
        byte[] plainText = decryptCipher.doFinal(cipherText);
        assertPadding(provider, expectedBlockType, ORIGINAL_PLAIN_TEXT, plainText);
    }

    private void assertPadding(String provider, byte expectedBlockType, byte[] expectedData, byte[] actualDataWithPadding) {
        assertNotNull(provider, actualDataWithPadding);
        int expectedOutputSize = getExpectedOutputSize("RSA", Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, provider);
        assertEquals(provider, expectedOutputSize, actualDataWithPadding.length);
        int expectedBlockTypeOffset;
        if (provider.equals("BC")) {
            // BC strips the leading 0 for us on decrypt even when NoPadding is specified...
            expectedBlockTypeOffset = 0;
        } else {
            expectedBlockTypeOffset = 1;
            assertEquals(provider, 0, actualDataWithPadding[0]);
        }
        byte actualBlockType = actualDataWithPadding[expectedBlockTypeOffset];
        assertEquals(provider, expectedBlockType, actualBlockType);
        int actualDataOffset = actualDataWithPadding.length - expectedData.length;
        if (actualBlockType == 1) {
            int expectedDataOffset = expectedBlockTypeOffset + 1;
            for (int i = expectedDataOffset; i < actualDataOffset - 1; i++) {
                assertEquals(provider, (byte) 0xFF, actualDataWithPadding[i]);
            }
        }
        assertEquals(provider, 0x00, actualDataWithPadding[actualDataOffset-1]);
        byte[] actualData = new byte[expectedData.length];
        System.arraycopy(actualDataWithPadding, actualDataOffset, actualData, 0, actualData.length);
        assertEquals(provider, Arrays.toString(expectedData), Arrays.toString(actualData));
    }

    public void testCipherInitWithCertificate () throws Exception {
        // no key usage specified, everything is fine
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(0,                         true,  true, true,  true);

        // common case is that encrypt/wrap is prohibited when special usage is specified
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.digitalSignature, false, true, false, true);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.nonRepudiation,   false, true, false, true);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.keyAgreement,     false, true, false, true);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.keyCertSign,      false, true, false, true);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.cRLSign,          false, true, false, true);

        // Note they encipherOnly/decipherOnly don't have to do with
        // ENCRYPT_MODE or DECRYPT_MODE, but restrict usage relative
        // to keyAgreement. There is not a *_MODE option that
        // corresponds to this in Cipher, the RI does not enforce
        // anything in Cipher.
        // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=12955
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.encipherOnly,     false, true, false, true);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.decipherOnly,     false, true, false, true);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.keyAgreement | KeyUsage.encipherOnly,
                                                                false, true, false, true);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.keyAgreement | KeyUsage.decipherOnly,
                                                                false, true, false, true);

        // except when wrapping a key is specifically allowed or
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.keyEncipherment,  false, true, true,  true);
        // except when wrapping data encryption is specifically allowed
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(KeyUsage.dataEncipherment, true,  true, false, true);
    }

    private void assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage (int keyUsage,
                                               boolean allowEncrypt,
                                               boolean allowDecrypt,
                                               boolean allowWrap,
                                               boolean allowUnwrap) throws Exception {
        Certificate certificate = certificateWithKeyUsage(keyUsage);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(certificate, allowEncrypt, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(certificate, allowDecrypt, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(certificate, allowWrap,    Cipher.WRAP_MODE);
        assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(certificate, allowUnwrap,  Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE);
    }

    private void assertCipherInitWithKeyUsage(Certificate certificate,
                                              boolean allowMode,
                                              int mode) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
        if (allowMode) {
            cipher.init(mode, certificate);
        } else {
            try {
                cipher.init(mode, certificate);
                String modeString;
                switch (mode) {
                    case Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE:
                        modeString = "ENCRYPT_MODE";
                        break;
                    case Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE:
                        modeString = "DECRYPT_MODE";
                        break;
                    case Cipher.WRAP_MODE:
                        modeString = "WRAP_MODE";
                        break;
                    case Cipher.UNWRAP_MODE:
                        modeString = "UNWRAP_MODE";
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new AssertionError("Unknown Cipher.*_MODE " + mode);
                }
                fail("Should have had InvalidKeyException for " + modeString
                     + " for " + certificate);
            } catch (InvalidKeyException expected) {
            }
        }
    }

    private Certificate certificateWithKeyUsage(int keyUsage) throws Exception {
        // note the rare usage of non-zero keyUsage
        return new TestKeyStore.Builder()
                .aliasPrefix("rsa-dsa-ec")
                .keyUsage(keyUsage)
                .build()
                .getPrivateKey("RSA", "RSA").getCertificate();
    }

    /*
     * Test vectors generated with this private key:
     *
     * -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
     * MIIEpAIBAAKCAQEA4Ec+irjyKE/rnnQv+XSPoRjtmGM8kvUq63ouvg075gMpvnZq
     * 0Q62pRXQ0s/ZvqeTDwwwZTeJn3lYzT6FsB+IGFJNMSWEqUslHjYltUFB7b/uGYgI
     * 4buX/Hy0m56qr2jpyY19DtxTu8D6ADQ1bWMF+7zDxwAUBThqu8hzyw8+90JfPTPf
     * ezFa4DbSoLZq/UdQOxab8247UWJRW3Ff2oPeryxYrrmr+zCXw8yd2dvl7ylsF2E5
     * Ao6KZx5jBW1F9AGI0sQTNJCEXeUsJTTpxrJHjAe9rpKII7YtBmx3cPn2Pz26JH9T
     * CER0e+eqqF2FO4vSRKzsPePImrRkU6tNJMOsaQIDAQABAoIBADd4R3al8XaY9ayW
     * DfuDobZ1ZOZIvQWXz4q4CHGG8macJ6nsvdSA8Bl6gNBzCebGqW+SUzHlf4tKxvTU
     * XtpFojJpwJ/EKMB6Tm7fc4oV3sl/q9Lyu0ehTyDqcvz+TDbgGtp3vRN82NTaELsW
     * LpSkZilx8XX5hfoYjwVsuX7igW9Dq503R2Ekhs2owWGWwwgYqZXshdOEZ3kSZ7O/
     * IfJzcQppJYYldoQcW2cSwS1L0govMpmtt8E12l6VFavadufK8qO+gFUdBzt4vxFi
     * xIrSt/R0OgI47k0lL31efmUzzK5kzLOTYAdaL9HgNOw65c6cQIzL8OJeQRQCFoez
     * 3UdUroECgYEA9UGIS8Nzeyki1BGe9F4t7izUy7dfRVBaFXqlAJ+Zxzot8HJKxGAk
     * MGMy6omBd2NFRl3G3x4KbxQK/ztzluaomUrF2qloc0cv43dJ0U6z4HXmKdvrNYMz
     * im82SdCiZUp6Qv2atr+krE1IHTkLsimwZL3DEcwb4bYxidp8QM3s8rECgYEA6hp0
     * LduIHO23KIyH442GjdekCdFaQ/RF1Td6C1cx3b/KLa8oqOE81cCvzsM0fXSjniNa
     * PNljPydN4rlPkt9DgzkR2enxz1jyfeLgj/RZZMcg0+whOdx8r8kSlTzeyy81Wi4s
     * NaUPrXVMs7IxZkJLo7bjESoriYw4xcFe2yOGkzkCgYBRgo8exv2ZYCmQG68dfjN7
     * pfCvJ+mE6tiVrOYr199O5FoiQInyzBUa880XP84EdLywTzhqLNzA4ANrokGfVFeS
     * YtRxAL6TGYSj76Bb7PFBV03AebOpXEqD5sQ/MhTW3zLVEt4ZgIXlMeYWuD/X3Z0f
     * TiYHwzM9B8VdEH0dOJNYcQKBgQDbT7UPUN6O21P/NMgJMYigUShn2izKBIl3WeWH
     * wkQBDa+GZNWegIPRbBZHiTAfZ6nweAYNg0oq29NnV1toqKhCwrAqibPzH8zsiiL+
     * OVeVxcbHQitOXXSh6ajzDndZufwtY5wfFWc+hOk6XvFQb0MVODw41Fy9GxQEj0ch
     * 3IIyYQKBgQDYEUWTr0FfthLb8ZI3ENVNB0hiBadqO0MZSWjA3/HxHvD2GkozfV/T
     * dBu8lkDkR7i2tsR8OsEgQ1fTsMVbqShr2nP2KSlvX6kUbYl2NX08dR51FIaWpAt0
     * aFyCzjCQLWOdck/yTV4ulAfuNO3tLjtN9lqpvP623yjQe6aQPxZXaA==
     * -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
     *
     */

    private static final BigInteger RSA_2048_modulus = new BigInteger(new byte[] {
        (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xe0, (byte) 0x47, (byte) 0x3e, (byte) 0x8a, (byte) 0xb8, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0x28,
        (byte) 0x4f, (byte) 0xeb, (byte) 0x9e, (byte) 0x74, (byte) 0x2f, (byte) 0xf9, (byte) 0x74, (byte) 0x8f,
        (byte) 0xa1, (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0xed, (byte) 0x98, (byte) 0x63, (byte) 0x3c, (byte) 0x92, (byte) 0xf5,
        (byte) 0x2a, (byte) 0xeb, (byte) 0x7a, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0xe6,
        (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x29, (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0x76, (byte) 0x6a, (byte) 0xd1, (byte) 0x0e, (byte) 0xb6,
        (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0x15, (byte) 0xd0, (byte) 0xd2, (byte) 0xcf, (byte) 0xd9, (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0xa7,
        (byte) 0x93, (byte) 0x0f, (byte) 0x0c, (byte) 0x30, (byte) 0x65, (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0x89, (byte) 0x9f,
        (byte) 0x79, (byte) 0x58, (byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0x3e, (byte) 0x85, (byte) 0xb0, (byte) 0x1f, (byte) 0x88,
        (byte) 0x18, (byte) 0x52, (byte) 0x4d, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0x25, (byte) 0x84, (byte) 0xa9, (byte) 0x4b,
        (byte) 0x25, (byte) 0x1e, (byte) 0x36, (byte) 0x25, (byte) 0xb5, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0x41, (byte) 0xed,
        (byte) 0xbf, (byte) 0xee, (byte) 0x19, (byte) 0x88, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0xe1, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0x97,
        (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0x7c, (byte) 0xb4, (byte) 0x9b, (byte) 0x9e, (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xaf, (byte) 0x68,
        (byte) 0xe9, (byte) 0xc9, (byte) 0x8d, (byte) 0x7d, (byte) 0x0e, (byte) 0xdc, (byte) 0x53, (byte) 0xbb,
        (byte) 0xc0, (byte) 0xfa, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x34, (byte) 0x35, (byte) 0x6d, (byte) 0x63, (byte) 0x05,
        (byte) 0xfb, (byte) 0xbc, (byte) 0xc3, (byte) 0xc7, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x14, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x38,
        (byte) 0x6a, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xc8, (byte) 0x73, (byte) 0xcb, (byte) 0x0f, (byte) 0x3e, (byte) 0xf7,
        (byte) 0x42, (byte) 0x5f, (byte) 0x3d, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0xdf, (byte) 0x7b, (byte) 0x31, (byte) 0x5a,
        (byte) 0xe0, (byte) 0x36, (byte) 0xd2, (byte) 0xa0, (byte) 0xb6, (byte) 0x6a, (byte) 0xfd, (byte) 0x47,
        (byte) 0x50, (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x16, (byte) 0x9b, (byte) 0xf3, (byte) 0x6e, (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x51,
        (byte) 0x62, (byte) 0x51, (byte) 0x5b, (byte) 0x71, (byte) 0x5f, (byte) 0xda, (byte) 0x83, (byte) 0xde,
        (byte) 0xaf, (byte) 0x2c, (byte) 0x58, (byte) 0xae, (byte) 0xb9, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0xfb, (byte) 0x30,
        (byte) 0x97, (byte) 0xc3, (byte) 0xcc, (byte) 0x9d, (byte) 0xd9, (byte) 0xdb, (byte) 0xe5, (byte) 0xef,
        (byte) 0x29, (byte) 0x6c, (byte) 0x17, (byte) 0x61, (byte) 0x39, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x8e, (byte) 0x8a,
        (byte) 0x67, (byte) 0x1e, (byte) 0x63, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x6d, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0xf4, (byte) 0x01,
        (byte) 0x88, (byte) 0xd2, (byte) 0xc4, (byte) 0x13, (byte) 0x34, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x84, (byte) 0x5d,
        (byte) 0xe5, (byte) 0x2c, (byte) 0x25, (byte) 0x34, (byte) 0xe9, (byte) 0xc6, (byte) 0xb2, (byte) 0x47,
        (byte) 0x8c, (byte) 0x07, (byte) 0xbd, (byte) 0xae, (byte) 0x92, (byte) 0x88, (byte) 0x23, (byte) 0xb6,
        (byte) 0x2d, (byte) 0x06, (byte) 0x6c, (byte) 0x77, (byte) 0x70, (byte) 0xf9, (byte) 0xf6, (byte) 0x3f,
        (byte) 0x3d, (byte) 0xba, (byte) 0x24, (byte) 0x7f, (byte) 0x53, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x74,
        (byte) 0x7b, (byte) 0xe7, (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xa8, (byte) 0x5d, (byte) 0x85, (byte) 0x3b, (byte) 0x8b,
        (byte) 0xd2, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0xac, (byte) 0xec, (byte) 0x3d, (byte) 0xe3, (byte) 0xc8, (byte) 0x9a,
        (byte) 0xb4, (byte) 0x64, (byte) 0x53, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x4d, (byte) 0x24, (byte) 0xc3, (byte) 0xac,
        (byte) 0x69,
    });

    private static final BigInteger RSA_2048_privateExponent = new BigInteger(new byte[] {
        (byte) 0x37, (byte) 0x78, (byte) 0x47, (byte) 0x76, (byte) 0xa5, (byte) 0xf1, (byte) 0x76, (byte) 0x98,
        (byte) 0xf5, (byte) 0xac, (byte) 0x96, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xfb, (byte) 0x83, (byte) 0xa1, (byte) 0xb6,
        (byte) 0x75, (byte) 0x64, (byte) 0xe6, (byte) 0x48, (byte) 0xbd, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x97, (byte) 0xcf,
        (byte) 0x8a, (byte) 0xb8, (byte) 0x08, (byte) 0x71, (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0xf2, (byte) 0x66, (byte) 0x9c,
        (byte) 0x27, (byte) 0xa9, (byte) 0xec, (byte) 0xbd, (byte) 0xd4, (byte) 0