/mono-for-mac/3.3.0.1/PubNub-Messaging/PubNub-Console/Pubnub.cs

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//Build Date: Dec 06, 2012
#if (__MonoCS__)
#define TRACE
#endif

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Win32;
#if (SILVERLIGHT)
using TvdP.Collections;
#endif
using System.Linq;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
#if (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
using System.Windows.Threading;
using System.IO.IsolatedStorage;

#endif
namespace PubNub_Messaging
{
	// INotifyPropertyChanged provides a standard event for objects to notify clients that one of its properties has changed
	
	public class Pubnub : INotifyPropertyChanged
	{
		const int PUBNUB_WEBREQUEST_CALLBACK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC = 310;
		const int PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC = 15;
		const int PUBNUB_NETWORK_CHECK_RETRIES = 50;
		const int PUBNUB_WEBREQUEST_RETRY_INTERVAL_IN_SEC = 10;
		const bool OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE = true;
		const TraceLevel CAPTURE_TRACE_LEVEL = TraceLevel.Info;
		
		// Common property changed event
		public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
		public void RaisePropertyChanged(string propertyName)
		{
			var handler = PropertyChanged;
			if (handler != null)
			{
				handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
			}
		}
		
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, long> _channelSubscription = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, long>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, long> _channelPresence = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, long>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, RequestState> _channelRequest = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, RequestState>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool> _channelInternetStatus = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, int> _channelInternetRetry = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, int>();
		ConcurrentDictionary<string, Timer> _channelReconnectTimer = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, Timer>();
		
		System.Threading.Timer heartBeatTimer;
		
		private static bool _pubnetSystemActive = true;
		
		// Publish
		private ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _publishMsg = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();
		
		// History of Messages
		private List<object> _History = new List<object>();
		public List<object> History { get { return _History; } set { _History = value; RaisePropertyChanged("History"); } }
		
		// Subscribe
		private ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _subscribeMsg = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();
		
		// Presence
		private ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _presenceMsg = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, object>();
		
		// Timestamp
		private List<object> _Time = new List<object>();
		
		// Pubnub Core API implementation
		private string ORIGIN = "pubsub.pubnub.com";
		private string PUBLISH_KEY = "";
		private string SUBSCRIBE_KEY = "";
		private string SECRET_KEY = "";
		private string CIPHER_KEY = "";
		private bool SSL = false;
		private string sessionUUID = "";
		private string parameters = "";
		
		/**
         * Pubnub instance initialization function
         * 
         * @param string pubish_key.
         * @param string subscribe_key.
         * @param string secret_key.
         * @param bool ssl_on
         */
		private void init(string publish_key, string subscribe_key, string secret_key, string cipher_key, bool ssl_on)
		{
			this.PUBLISH_KEY = publish_key;
			this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY = subscribe_key;
			this.SECRET_KEY = secret_key;
			this.CIPHER_KEY = cipher_key;
			this.SSL = ssl_on;
			if (this.sessionUUID == "")
				this.sessionUUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
			
			// SSL is ON?
			if (this.SSL)
				this.ORIGIN = "https://" + this.ORIGIN;
			else
				this.ORIGIN = "http://" + this.ORIGIN;
			
			//Initiate System Events for PowerModeChanged - to monitor suspend/resume
			initiatePowerModeCheck();
		}
		
		private void reconnectNetwork<T>(ReconnectState<T> netState)
		{
			System.Threading.Timer timer = new Timer(new TimerCallback(reconnectNetworkCallback<T>), netState, 0, PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000);
			_channelReconnectTimer.AddOrUpdate(netState.channel, timer, (key, oldState) => timer);
		}
		
		void reconnectNetworkCallback<T>(Object reconnectState)
		{
			try
			{
				ReconnectState<T> netState = reconnectState as ReconnectState<T>;
				if (netState != null)
				{
					if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(netState.channel)
					    && (netState.type == ResponseType.Subscribe || netState.type == ResponseType.Presence))
					{
						if (_channelInternetStatus[netState.channel])
						{
							//Reset Retry if previous state is true
							_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(netState.channel, 0, (key, oldValue) => 0);
						}
						else
						{
							_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(netState.channel, 1, (key, oldValue) => oldValue + 1);
							WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, {1} {2} reconnectNetworkCallback. Retry {3} of {4}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), netState.channel, netState.type, _channelInternetRetry[netState.channel], PUBNUB_NETWORK_CHECK_RETRIES), TraceLevel.Info);
						}
					}
					
					if (_channelInternetStatus[netState.channel])
					{
						if (_channelReconnectTimer.ContainsKey(netState.channel))
						{
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Dispose();
						}
						
						WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, {1} {2} reconnectNetworkCallback. Internet Available : {3}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), netState.channel, netState.type, _channelInternetStatus[netState.channel]), TraceLevel.Info);
						switch (netState.type)
						{
						case ResponseType.Subscribe:
							_subscribe(netState.channel, netState.timetoken, netState.callback, false);
							break;
						case ResponseType.Presence:
							_presence(netState.channel, netState.timetoken, netState.callback, false);
							break;
						default:
							break;
						}
					}
					else if (_channelInternetRetry[netState.channel] >= PUBNUB_NETWORK_CHECK_RETRIES)
					{
						if (_channelReconnectTimer.ContainsKey(netState.channel))
						{
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
							_channelReconnectTimer[netState.channel].Dispose();
						}
						switch (netState.type)
						{
						case ResponseType.Subscribe:
							subscribeExceptionHandler(netState.channel, netState.callback, true);
							break;
						case ResponseType.Presence:
							presenceExceptionHandler(netState.channel, netState.callback, true);
							break;
						default:
							break;
						}
					}
				}
				else
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Unknown request state in reconnectNetworkCallback", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				}
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} method:reconnectNetworkCallback \n Exception Details={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
			}
		}
		
		
		private void initiatePowerModeCheck()
		{
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
			try
			{
				SystemEvents.PowerModeChanged += new PowerModeChangedEventHandler(SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged);
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Initiated System Event - PowerModeChanged.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} No support for System Event - PowerModeChanged.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
			}
#endif
		}
		
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
		void SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged(object sender, PowerModeChangedEventArgs e)
		{
			if (e.Mode == PowerModes.Suspend)
			{
				_pubnetSystemActive = false;
				TerminatePendingWebRequest();
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					heartBeatTimer.Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
				}
				
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, System entered into Suspend Mode.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Disabled Timer for heartbeat ", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				}
			}
			else if (e.Mode == PowerModes.Resume)
			{
				_pubnetSystemActive = true;
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					heartBeatTimer.Change(
						(-1 == PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC) ? -1 : PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000,
						(-1 == PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC) ? -1 : PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000);
				}
				
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, System entered into Resume/Awake Mode.", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Enabled Timer for heartbeat ", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				}
			}
		}
#endif
		private void TerminatePendingWebRequest()
		{
			TerminatePendingWebRequest(null);
		}
		private void TerminatePendingWebRequest(RequestState state)
		{
			if (state != null && state.request != null)
			{
				state.request.Abort();
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} TerminatePendingWebRequest {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), state.request.RequestUri.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				
				RequestState removedReq;
				bool removeKey = _channelRequest.TryRemove(state.channel, out removedReq);
				if (!removeKey)
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Unable to remove web request from dictionary in TerminatePendingWebRequest for channel= {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), state.channel), TraceLevel.Error);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				ConcurrentDictionary<string, RequestState> webReq = _channelRequest;
				ICollection<string> keyCol = _channelRequest.Keys;
				foreach (string key in keyCol)
				{
					RequestState currReq = _channelRequest[key];
					if (currReq.request != null)
					{
						currReq.request.Abort();
						WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} TerminatePendingWebRequest {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), currReq.request.RequestUri.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
						
						bool removeKey = _channelRequest.TryRemove(key, out currReq);
						if (!removeKey)
						{
							WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Unable to remove web request from dictionary in TerminatePendingWebRequest for channel= {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), key), TraceLevel.Error);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
		~Pubnub()
		{
			//detach
			SystemEvents.PowerModeChanged -= new PowerModeChangedEventHandler(SystemEvents_PowerModeChanged);
		}
#endif
		/**
         * PubNub 3.0 API
         * 
         * Prepare Pubnub messaging class initial state
         * 
         * @param string pubish_key.
         * @param string subscribe_key.
         * @param string secret_key.
         * @param bool ssl_on
         */
		public Pubnub(string publish_key, string subscribe_key, string secret_key, string cipher_key, bool ssl_on)
		{
			this.init(publish_key, subscribe_key, secret_key, cipher_key, ssl_on);
		}
		
		/**
         * PubNub 2.0 Compatibility
         * 
         * Prepare Pubnub messaging class initial state
         * 
         * @param string pubish_key.
         * @param string subscribe_key.
         */
		public Pubnub(string publish_key, string subscribe_key)
		{
			this.init(publish_key, subscribe_key, "", "", false);
		}
		
		/**
         * PubNub 3.0 without SSL
         * 
         * Prepare Pubnub messaging class initial state
         * 
         * @param string pubish_key.
         * @param string subscribe_key.
         * @param string secret_key.
         */
		public Pubnub(string publish_key, string subscribe_key, string secret_key)
		{
			this.init(publish_key, subscribe_key, secret_key, "", false);
		}
		
		/**
         * History
         * 
         * Load history from a channel
         * 
         * @param String channel name.
         * @param int limit history count response
         * @return ListArray of history
         */
		[Obsolete("This method should no longer be used, please use detailedHistory() instead.")]
		public bool history(string channel, int limit)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("history");
			url.Add(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(limit.ToString());
			
			return _request(url, ResponseType.History);
		}
		
		/**
         * Detailed History
         */
		public bool detailedHistory(string channel, long start, long end, int count, bool reverse, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			return detailedHistory<object>(channel, start, end, count, reverse, usercallback);
		}
		
		public bool detailedHistory<T>(string channel, long start, long end, int count, bool reverse, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			Uri request = buildDetailedHistoryRequest(channel, start, end, count, reverse);
			
			return _urlRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.DetailedHistory, usercallback, false);
		}
		
		public bool detailedHistory(string channel, long start, Action<object> usercallback, bool reverse)
		{
			return detailedHistory<object>(channel, start, -1, -1, reverse, usercallback);
		}
		
		public bool detailedHistory<T>(string channel, long start, Action<T> usercallback, bool reverse)
		{
			return detailedHistory<T>(channel, start, -1, -1, reverse, usercallback);
		}
		
		public bool detailedHistory(string channel, int count, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			return detailedHistory<object>(channel, -1, -1, count, false, usercallback);
		}
		
		public bool detailedHistory<T>(string channel, int count, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			return detailedHistory<T>(channel, -1, -1, count, false, usercallback);
		}
		
		/**
         * Publish
         * 
         * Send a message to a channel
         * 
         * @param String channel name.
         * @param List<object> info.
         * @return bool false on fail
         */
		public bool publish(string channel, object message, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			return publish<object>(channel, message, usercallback);
		}
		
		public bool publish<T>(string channel, object message, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()) || message == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel or Message");
			}
			
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.PUBLISH_KEY) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.PUBLISH_KEY.Trim()) || this.PUBLISH_KEY.Length <= 0)
			{
				throw new MissingFieldException("Invalid publish key");
			}
			
			if (usercallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Callback");
			}
			
			Uri request = buildPublishRequest(channel, message);
			
			return _urlRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Publish, usercallback, false);
		}
		
		private string jsonEncodePublishMsg(object originalMsg)
		{
			string msg = SerializeToJsonString(originalMsg);
			
			
			if (this.CIPHER_KEY.Length > 0)
			{
				PubnubCrypto aes = new PubnubCrypto(this.CIPHER_KEY);
				string encryptMsg = aes.encrypt(msg);
				msg = SerializeToJsonString(encryptMsg);
			}
			
			return msg;
		}
		
		private List<object> decodeMsg(List<object> message, ResponseType type)
		{
			List<object> receivedMsg = new List<object>();
			
			
			if (type == ResponseType.Presence || type == ResponseType.Publish || type == ResponseType.Time || type == ResponseType.Here_Now || type == ResponseType.Leave)
			{
				return message;
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
			{
				receivedMsg = decodeDecryptLoop(message);
			}
			else
			{
				receivedMsg = decodeDecryptLoop(message);
			}
			return receivedMsg;
		}
		
		private List<object> decodeDecryptLoop(List<object> message)
		{
			List<object> returnMsg = new List<object>();
			if (this.CIPHER_KEY.Length > 0)
			{
				PubnubCrypto aes = new PubnubCrypto(this.CIPHER_KEY);
				var myObjectArray = (from item in message select item as object).ToArray();
				IEnumerable enumerable = myObjectArray[0] as IEnumerable;
				if (enumerable != null)
				{
					List<object> receivedMsg = new List<object>();
					foreach (object element in enumerable)
					{
						string decryptMsg = aes.decrypt(element.ToString());
						object decodeMsg = (decryptMsg == "**DECRYPT ERROR**") ? decryptMsg : JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<object>(decryptMsg);
						receivedMsg.Add(decodeMsg);
					}
					returnMsg.Add(receivedMsg);
				}
				
				for (int index = 1; index < myObjectArray.Length; index++)
				{
					returnMsg.Add(myObjectArray[index]);
				}
				return returnMsg;
			}
			else
			{
				var myObjectArray = (from item in message select item as object).ToArray();
				IEnumerable enumerable = myObjectArray[0] as IEnumerable;
				if (enumerable != null)
				{
					List<object> receivedMsg = new List<object>();
					foreach (object element in enumerable)
					{
						receivedMsg.Add(element);
					}
					returnMsg.Add(receivedMsg);
				}
				for (int index = 1; index < myObjectArray.Length; index++)
				{
					returnMsg.Add(myObjectArray[index]);
				}
				return returnMsg;
			}
		}
		
		
		/**
         * Subscribe
         * 
         * Listen for a message on a channel (BLOCKING)
         * 
         * @param String channel name.
         * @param Procedure function callback
         */
		public void subscribe(string channel, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			subscribe<object>(channel, usercallback);
		}
		
		public void subscribe<T>(string channel, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			if (usercallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Callback");
			}
			
			WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested subscribe for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
			
			if (_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				List<object> result = new List<object>();
				string jsonString = "[0, \"Already subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel);
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON subscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), TraceLevel.Info);
				goToUserCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
			}
			else
			{
				_channelSubscription.GetOrAdd(channel, 0);
				resetInternetCheckSettings(channel);
				_subscribe<T>(channel, 0, usercallback, false);
			}
			
		}
		
		private void resetInternetCheckSettings(string channel)
		{
			if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				_channelInternetStatus.AddOrUpdate(channel, true, (key, oldValue) => true);
			}
			else
			{
				_channelInternetStatus.GetOrAdd(channel, true); //Set to true for internet connection
			}
			
			if (_channelInternetRetry.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(channel, 0, (key, oldValue) => 0);
			}
			else
			{
				_channelInternetRetry.GetOrAdd(channel, 0); //Initialize the internet retry count
			}
		}
		
		void OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout(object state, bool timeout)
		{
			if (timeout)
			{
				RequestState currentState = state as RequestState;
				if (currentState != null)
				{
					HttpWebRequest request = currentState.request;
					if (request != null)
					{
						WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout: client request timeout reached.Request aborted for channel = {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), currentState.channel), TraceLevel.Info);
						request.Abort();
					}
				}
				else
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout: client request timeout reached. However state is unknown", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				}
				
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					//reset heart beat time because http request already timedout
					heartBeatTimer.Change(
						(-1 == PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC) ? -1 : PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000,
						(-1 == PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC) ? -1 : PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000);
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout: resetting the heartbeat timeout", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				}
			}
		}
		
		void OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback(Object heartbeatState)
		{
			WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, **OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback**", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Verbose);
			
			RequestState currentState = heartbeatState as RequestState;
			if (currentState != null)
			{
				bool networkConnection = ClientNetworkStatus.checkInternetStatus(_pubnetSystemActive);
				
				if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(currentState.channel)
				    && (currentState.type == ResponseType.Subscribe || currentState.type == ResponseType.Presence)
				    && OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					_channelInternetStatus[currentState.channel] = networkConnection;
					
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback - Internet connection = {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), networkConnection), TraceLevel.Verbose);
					if (!networkConnection)
					{
						TerminatePendingWebRequest(currentState);
					}
				}
				
				
			}
			
		}
		
		
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Check the response of the REST API and call for re-subscribe
		/// </summary>
		/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
		/// <param name="subscribeResult"></param>
		/// <param name="usercallback"></param>
		private void subscribeInternalCallback<T>(object subscribeResult, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			List<object> message = subscribeResult as List<object>;
			string channelName = "";
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				channelName = message[2].ToString();
			}
			else
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Lost Channel Name for resubscribe", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				return;
			}
			
			if (!_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channelName))
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Unsubscribe, further re-subscription was stopped for channel {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				return;
			}
			
			
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				_subscribe<T>(channelName, (object)message[1], usercallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		private void presenceInternalCallback<T>(object presenceResult, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			List<object> message = presenceResult as List<object>;
			string channelName = "";
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				channelName = message[2].ToString();
			}
			else
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Lost Channel Name for re-presence", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				return;
			}
			
			
			if (message != null && message.Count >= 3)
			{
				_presence<T>(channelName, (object)message[1], usercallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// To unsubscribe a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="usercallback"></param>
		public void unsubscribe(string channel, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			unsubscribe<object>(channel, usercallback);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// To unsubscribe a channel
		/// </summary>
		/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
		/// <param name="channel"></param>
		/// <param name="usercallback"></param>
		public void unsubscribe<T>(string channel, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			bool unsubStatus = false;
			WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested unsubscribe for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
			
			string jsonString = "";
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			
			if (_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				long unsubValue;
				unsubStatus = _channelSubscription.TryRemove(channel, out unsubValue);
				
				if (unsubStatus)
				{
					if (_channelRequest.ContainsKey(channel))
					{
						HttpWebRequest storedRequest = _channelRequest[channel].request;
						storedRequest.Abort();
					}
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Unsubscribed from {0}\"]", channel);
				}
				else
				{
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Error unsubscribing from {0}\"]", channel);
				}
				
				
				
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel);
				
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), TraceLevel.Info);
				goToUserCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
				
				//just fire leave() event to REST API for safeguard
				Uri request = buildLeaveRequest(channel);
				_urlRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Leave, null, false);
				
			}
			else
			{
				result = new List<object>();
				jsonString = "[0, \"Channel Not Subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel);
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), TraceLevel.Info);
				goToUserCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
			}
		}
		
		/**
         * Subscribe - Private Interface
         * 
         * @param String channel name.
         * @param Procedure function callback
         * @param String timetoken.
         */
		private void _subscribe<T>(string channel, object timetoken, Action<T> usercallback, bool reconnect)
		{
			//Exit if the channel is unsubscribed
			if (!_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Unsubscribe, further subscription was stopped for channel {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				return;
			}
			_channelSubscription.AddOrUpdate(channel, Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString()), (key, oldValue) => Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString())); //Store the timetoken
			
			if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channel) && (!_channelInternetStatus[channel]) && _pubnetSystemActive)
			{
				if (_channelInternetRetry.ContainsKey(channel) && (_channelInternetRetry[channel] >= PUBNUB_NETWORK_CHECK_RETRIES))
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Subscribe channel={1} - No internet connection. MAXed retries for internet ", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
					subscribeExceptionHandler<T>(channel, usercallback, true);
					return;
				}
				
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Subscribe - No internet connection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
					
					ReconnectState<T> netState = new ReconnectState<T>();
					netState.channel = channel;
					netState.type = ResponseType.Subscribe;
					netState.callback = usercallback;
					netState.timetoken = timetoken;
					
					reconnectNetwork<T>(netState);
					return;
				}
			}
			
			
			// Begin recursive subscribe
			try
			{
				// Build URL
				Uri request = buildSubscribeRequest(channel, timetoken);
				
				// Wait for message
				_urlRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Subscribe, usercallback, reconnect);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} method:_subscribe \n channel={1} \n timetoken={2} \n Exception Details={3}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel, timetoken.ToString(), ex.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				this._subscribe<T>(channel, timetoken, usercallback, false);
			}
		}
		/**
         * Presence feature
         * 
         * Listen for a presence message on a channel (BLOCKING)
         * 
         * @param String channel name. (+"pnpres")
         * @param Procedure function callback
         */
		public void presence(string channel, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			presence<object>(channel, usercallback);
		}
		
		public void presence<T>(string channel, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			if (usercallback == null)
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Callback");
			}
			
			channel = string.Format("{0}-pnpres", channel);
			WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested presence for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
			
			if (_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				List<object> result = new List<object>();
				string jsonString = "[0, \"Presence Already subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON presence response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), TraceLevel.Info);
				goToUserCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
			}
			else
			{
				_channelPresence.GetOrAdd(channel, 0);
				resetInternetCheckSettings(channel);
				this._presence<T>(channel, 0, usercallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		/**
         * Presence feature - Private Interface
         * 
         * @param String channel name.
         * @param Procedure function callback
         * @param String timetoken.
         */
		private void _presence<T>(string channel, object timetoken, Action<T> usercallback, bool reconnect)
		{
			//Exit if the channel is unsubscribed
			if (!_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Presence-unsubscribe, further presence was stopped for channel {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				return;
			}
			_channelPresence.AddOrUpdate(channel, Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString()), (key, oldValue) => Convert.ToInt64(timetoken.ToString())); //Store the timetoken
			
			if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channel) && (!_channelInternetStatus[channel]) && _pubnetSystemActive)
			{
				if (_channelInternetRetry.ContainsKey(channel) && (_channelInternetRetry[channel] >= PUBNUB_NETWORK_CHECK_RETRIES))
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Presence channel={1} - No internet connection. MAXed retries for internet ", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
					presenceExceptionHandler<T>(channel, usercallback, true);
					return;
				}
				
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Presence - No internet connection for {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
					
					ReconnectState<T> netState = new ReconnectState<T>();
					netState.channel = channel;
					netState.type = ResponseType.Presence;
					netState.callback = usercallback;
					netState.timetoken = timetoken;
					
					reconnectNetwork<T>(netState);
					return;
				}
			}
			
			// Begin recursive subscribe
			try
			{
				// Build URL
				Uri request = buildPresenceRequest(channel, timetoken);
				
				// Wait for message
				_urlRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Presence, usercallback, reconnect);
			}
			catch (Exception ex)
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("method:_presence \n channel={0} \n timetoken={1} \n Exception Details={2}", channel, timetoken.ToString(), ex.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				this._presence<T>(channel, timetoken, usercallback, false);
			}
		}
		
		public void presence_unsubscribe(string channel, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			presence_unsubscribe<object>(channel, usercallback);
		}
		
		public void presence_unsubscribe<T>(string channel, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			channel = string.Format("{0}-pnpres", channel);
			
			bool unsubStatus = false;
			WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, requested presence-unsubscribe for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channel), TraceLevel.Info);
			
			string jsonString = "";
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			
			if (_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channel))
			{
				long unsubPreValue;
				unsubStatus = _channelPresence.TryRemove(channel, out unsubPreValue);
				
				if (unsubStatus)
				{
					if (_channelRequest.ContainsKey(channel))
					{
						HttpWebRequest storedRequest = _channelRequest[channel].request;
						storedRequest.Abort();
					}
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Presence-Unsubscribed from {0}\"]", channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				}
				else
				{
					jsonString = string.Format("[1, \"Error presence-unsubscribing from {0}\"]", channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				}
				
				
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON presence-unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), TraceLevel.Info);
				goToUserCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
			}
			else
			{
				result = new List<object>();
				jsonString = "[0, \"Channel Not Subscribed\"]";
				result = (List<object>)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<object>>(jsonString);
				result.Add(channel.Replace("-pnpres", ""));
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON presence-unsubscribe response={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), jsonString), TraceLevel.Info);
				goToUserCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
			}
		}
		
		public bool here_now(string channel, Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			return here_now<object>(channel, usercallback);
		}
		
		public bool here_now<T>(string channel, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(channel.Trim()))
			{
				throw new ArgumentException("Missing Channel");
			}
			
			Uri request = buildHereNowRequest(channel);
			
			return _urlRequest<T>(request, channel, ResponseType.Here_Now, usercallback, false);
		}
		
		
		/**
         * Time
         * 
         * Timestamp from PubNub Cloud
         * 
         * @return object timestamp.
         */
		public bool time(Action<object> usercallback)
		{
			return time<object>(usercallback);
		}
		
		public bool time<T>(Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			Uri request = buildTimeRequest();
			
			return _urlRequest<T>(request, "", ResponseType.Time, usercallback, false);
		}
		
		/**
         * Http Get Request
         * 
         * @param List<string> request of URL directories.
         * @return List<object> from JSON response.
         */
		private bool _request(List<string> url_components, ResponseType type)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			string channelName = getChannelName(url_components, type);
			StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder();
			
			// Add Origin To The Request
			url.Append(this.ORIGIN);
			
			// Generate URL with UTF-8 Encoding
			foreach (string url_bit in url_components)
			{
				url.Append("/");
				url.Append(_encodeURIcomponent(url_bit, type));
			}
			
			if (type == ResponseType.Presence || type == ResponseType.Subscribe)
			{
				url.Append("?uuid=");
				url.Append(this.sessionUUID);
			}
			
			if (type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
				url.Append(parameters);
			
			Uri requestUri = new Uri(url.ToString());
			
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
			// Force canonical path and query
			string paq = requestUri.PathAndQuery;
			FieldInfo flagsFieldInfo = typeof(Uri).GetField("m_Flags", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
			ulong flags = (ulong)flagsFieldInfo.GetValue(requestUri);
			flags &= ~((ulong)0x30); // Flags.PathNotCanonical|Flags.QueryNotCanonical
			flagsFieldInfo.SetValue(requestUri, flags);
#endif
			
			// Create Request
			HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(requestUri);
			
			try
			{
				// Make request with the following inline Asynchronous callback
				IAsyncResult asyncResult = request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback((asynchronousResult) =>
				                                                                      {
					HttpWebRequest aRequest = (HttpWebRequest)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
					HttpWebResponse aResponse = (HttpWebResponse)aRequest.EndGetResponse(asynchronousResult);
					using (StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(aResponse.GetResponseStream()))
					{
						// Deserialize the result
						string jsonString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
						result = WrapResultBasedOnResponseType(type, jsonString, channelName, false);
					}
				}), request
				                                                    
				                                                    );
				
				return true;
			}
			catch (System.Exception ex)
			{
				Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
				return false;
			}
		}
		
		/**
         * Http Get Request
         * 
         * @param List<string> request of URL directories.
         * @return List<object> from JSON response.
         */
		private bool _urlRequest<T>(Uri requestUri, string channelName, ResponseType type, Action<T> usercallback, bool reconnect)
		{
			List<object> result = new List<object>();
			
			try
			{
				// Create Request
				HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(requestUri);
				
				
#if (!SILVERLIGHT && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
				request.Timeout = PUBNUB_WEBREQUEST_CALLBACK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000;
#endif
				if ((!_channelSubscription.ContainsKey(channelName) && type == ResponseType.Subscribe)
				    || (!_channelPresence.ContainsKey(channelName) && type == ResponseType.Presence))
				{
					WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Due to Unsubscribe, request aborted for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), TraceLevel.Info);
					request.Abort();
				}
				
				RequestState pubnubRequestState = new RequestState();
				pubnubRequestState.request = request;
				pubnubRequestState.channel = channelName;
				pubnubRequestState.type = type;
				
				if (type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence)
				{
					_channelRequest.AddOrUpdate(channelName, pubnubRequestState, (key, oldState) => pubnubRequestState);
				}
				
				if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
				{
					//Eventhough heart-beat is disabled, run one time to check internet connection by setting dueTime=0
					heartBeatTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(
						new TimerCallback(OnPubnubHeartBeatTimeoutCallback), pubnubRequestState, 0,
						(-1 == PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC) ? Timeout.Infinite : PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000);
				}
				else
				{
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && !WINDOWS_PHONE)
					request.ServicePoint.SetTcpKeepAlive(true, PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000, 1000);
#endif
				}
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Request={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), requestUri.ToString()), TraceLevel.Info);
				
				// Make request with the following inline Asynchronous callback
				IAsyncResult asyncResult = request.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback((asynchronousResult) =>
				                                                                      {
					try
					{
						RequestState asynchRequestState = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
						HttpWebRequest aRequest = (HttpWebRequest)asynchRequestState.request;
						if (aRequest != null)
						{
							using (HttpWebResponse aResponse = (HttpWebResponse)aRequest.EndGetResponse(asynchronousResult))
							{
								pubnubRequestState.response = aResponse;
								
								using (StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(aResponse.GetResponseStream()))
								{
									if (type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence)
									{
										_channelInternetStatus.AddOrUpdate(channelName, true, (key, oldValue) => true);
									}
									// Deserialize the result
									string jsonString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
									streamReader.Close();
									
									if (OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE)
									{
										heartBeatTimer.Change(
											(-1 == PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC) ? -1 : PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000,
											(-1 == PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC) ? -1 : PUBNUB_NETWORK_TCP_CHECK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000);
									}
									
									WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, JSON for channel={1} ({2}) ={3}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName, type.ToString(), jsonString), TraceLevel.Info);
									
									result = WrapResultBasedOnResponseType(type, jsonString, channelName, reconnect);
								}
								aResponse.Close();
							}
						}
						else
						{
							WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, Request aborted for channel={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), channelName), TraceLevel.Info);
						}
						
						if (result != null && result.Count >= 1 && usercallback != null)
						{
							responseToUserCallback<T>(result, type, channelName, usercallback);
						}
						
						switch (type)
						{
						case ResponseType.Subscribe:
							subscribeInternalCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
							break;
						case ResponseType.Presence:
							presenceInternalCallback<T>(result, usercallback);
							break;
						default:
							break;
						}
					}
					catch (WebException webEx)
					{
						WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, WebException: {1} for URL: {2}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), webEx.ToString(), requestUri.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
						
						RequestState state = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
						if (state.response != null)
						{
							state.response.Close();
							state.request.Abort();
						}
						
#if (!SILVERLIGHT)
						if ((webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.NameResolutionFailure //No network
						     || webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ConnectFailure //Sending Keep-alive packet failed (No network)/Server is down.
						     || webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ServerProtocolViolation//Problem with proxy or ISP
						     || webEx.Status == WebExceptionStatus.ProtocolError
						     ) && (!OVERRIDE_TCP_KEEP_ALIVE))
						{
							//internet connection problem.
							WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0}, _urlRequest - Internet connection problem", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
							
							if (_channelInternetStatus.ContainsKey(channelName)
							    && (type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence))
							{
								if (_channelInternetStatus[channelName])
								{
									//Reset Retry if previous state is true
									_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(channelName, 0, (key, oldValue) => 0);
								}
								else
								{
									_channelInternetRetry.AddOrUpdate(channelName, 1, (key, oldValue) => oldValue + 1);
									WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} {1} channel = {2} _urlRequest - Internet connection retry {3} of {4}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), type, channelName, _channelInternetRetry[channelName], PUBNUB_NETWORK_CHECK_RETRIES), TraceLevel.Info);
								}
								_channelInternetStatus[channelName] = false;
								Thread.Sleep(PUBNUB_WEBREQUEST_RETRY_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000);
							}
						}
#endif
						urlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(type, channelName, usercallback);
					}
					catch (Exception ex)
					{
						RequestState state = (RequestState)asynchronousResult.AsyncState;
						if (state.response != null)
							state.response.Close();
						
						WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Exception= {1} for URL: {2}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString(), requestUri.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
						urlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(type, channelName, usercallback);
					}
					
				}), pubnubRequestState);
				
#if (__MonoCS__)
				if (!asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(PUBNUB_WEBREQUEST_CALLBACK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000))
				{
					OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout(pubnubRequestState, true);
				}
#elif (SILVERLIGHT || WINDOWS_PHONE)
				Timer webRequestTimer = new Timer(OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout, pubnubRequestState, PUBNUB_WEBREQUEST_CALLBACK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000, Timeout.Infinite);
#else
				ThreadPool.RegisterWaitForSingleObject(asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle, new WaitOrTimerCallback(OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout), pubnubRequestState, PUBNUB_WEBREQUEST_CALLBACK_INTERVAL_IN_SEC * 1000, true);
#endif
				return true;
			}
			catch (System.Exception ex)
			{
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime {0} Exception={1}", DateTime.Now.ToString(), ex.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
				urlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(type, channelName, usercallback);
				return false;
			}
		}
		
		public Uri buildTimeRequest()
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("time");
			url.Add("0");
			
			return buildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Time);
			
		}
		
		private Uri buildLeaveRequest(string channel)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("v2");
			url.Add("presence");
			url.Add("sub_key");
			url.Add(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY);
			url.Add("channel");
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("leave");
			
			return buildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Leave);
		}
		
		private Uri buildHereNowRequest(string channel)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("v2");
			url.Add("presence");
			url.Add("sub_key");
			url.Add(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY);
			url.Add("channel");
			url.Add(channel);
			
			return buildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Here_Now);
		}
		
		private Uri buildDetailedHistoryRequest(string channel, long start, long end, int count, bool reverse)
		{
			parameters = "";
			if (count <= -1) count = 100;
			parameters = "?count=" + count;
			if (reverse)
				parameters = parameters + "&" + "reverse=" + reverse.ToString().ToLower();
			if (start != -1)
				parameters = parameters + "&" + "start=" + start.ToString().ToLower();
			if (end != -1)
				parameters = parameters + "&" + "end=" + end.ToString().ToLower();
			
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			
			url.Add("v2");
			url.Add("history");
			url.Add("sub-key");
			url.Add(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY);
			url.Add("channel");
			url.Add(channel);
			
			return buildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.DetailedHistory);
		}
		
		private Uri buildSubscribeRequest(string channel, object timetoken)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			url.Add("subscribe");
			url.Add(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(timetoken.ToString());
			
			return buildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Subscribe);
		}
		
		private Uri buildPresenceRequest(string channel, object timetoken)
		{
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			url.Add("subscribe");
			url.Add(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(timetoken.ToString());
			
			return buildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Presence);
		}
		
		private Uri buildPublishRequest(string channel, object message)
		{
			string msg = jsonEncodePublishMsg(message);
			
			// Generate String to Sign
			string signature = "0";
			if (this.SECRET_KEY.Length > 0)
			{
				StringBuilder string_to_sign = new StringBuilder();
				string_to_sign
					.Append(this.PUBLISH_KEY)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(this.SECRET_KEY)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(channel)
						.Append('/')
						.Append(msg); // 1
				
				// Sign Message
				signature = md5(string_to_sign.ToString());
			}
			
			// Build URL
			List<string> url = new List<string>();
			url.Add("publish");
			url.Add(this.PUBLISH_KEY);
			url.Add(this.SUBSCRIBE_KEY);
			url.Add(signature);
			url.Add(channel);
			url.Add("0");
			url.Add(msg);
			
			return buildRestApiRequest<Uri>(url, ResponseType.Publish);
		}
		
		private Uri buildRestApiRequest<T>(List<string> url_components, ResponseType type)
		{
			StringBuilder url = new StringBuilder();
			
			// Add Origin To The Request
			url.Append(this.ORIGIN);
			
			// Generate URL with UTF-8 Encoding
			foreach (string url_bit in url_components)
			{
				url.Append("/");
				url.Append(_encodeURIcomponent(url_bit, type));
			}
			
			if (type == ResponseType.Presence || type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Leave)
			{
				url.Append("?uuid=");
				url.Append(this.sessionUUID);
			}
			
			if (type == ResponseType.DetailedHistory)
				url.Append(parameters);
			
			
			Uri requestUri = new Uri(url.ToString());
			
#if ((!__MonoCS__) && (!SILVERLIGHT) && (!WINDOWS_PHONE))
			if ((type == ResponseType.Publish || type == ResponseType.Subscribe || type == ResponseType.Presence))
			{
				// Force canonical path and query
				string paq = requestUri.PathAndQuery;
				FieldInfo flagsFieldInfo = typeof(Uri).GetField("m_Flags", BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic);
				ulong flags = (ulong)flagsFieldInfo.GetValue(requestUri);
				flags &= ~((ulong)0x30); // Flags.PathNotCanonical|Flags.QueryNotCanonical
				flagsFieldInfo.SetValue(requestUri, flags);
			}
#endif
			
			return requestUri;
		}
		
		void OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout(Object reqState)
		{
			RequestState currentState = reqState as RequestState;
			if (currentState != null && currentState.response == null && currentState.request != null)
			{
				currentState.request.Abort();
				WriteToLog(string.Format("DateTime: {0}, **WP7 OnPubnubWebRequestTimeout**", DateTime.Now.ToString()), TraceLevel.Error);
			}
		}
		
		private void urlRequestCommonExceptionHandler<T>(ResponseType type, string channelName, Action<T> usercallback)
		{
			if (type == ResponseType.Subscribe)
			{
				subscribeExceptionHandler<T>(channelName, usercallback, false);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.Presence)
			{
				presenceExceptionHandler<T>(channelName, usercallback, false);
			}
			else if (type == ResponseType.Publish)
			{
				publishExceptionHandler<T>(channelN…