/src/main/java/org/mvel2/optimizers/impl/asm/ASMAccessorOptimizer.java

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/**
 * MVEL 2.0
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Codehaus
 * Mike Brock, Dhanji Prasanna, John Graham, Mark Proctor
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.mvel2.optimizers.impl.asm;

import org.mvel2.*;
import org.mvel2.asm.ClassWriter;
import org.mvel2.asm.Label;
import org.mvel2.asm.MethodVisitor;
import org.mvel2.asm.Opcodes;
import org.mvel2.ast.*;
import org.mvel2.compiler.*;
import org.mvel2.integration.GlobalListenerFactory;
import org.mvel2.integration.PropertyHandler;
import org.mvel2.integration.VariableResolverFactory;
import org.mvel2.optimizers.AbstractOptimizer;
import org.mvel2.optimizers.AccessorOptimizer;
import org.mvel2.optimizers.OptimizationNotSupported;
import org.mvel2.optimizers.impl.refl.nodes.Union;
import org.mvel2.util.*;

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static java.lang.String.valueOf;
import static java.lang.System.getProperty;
import static java.lang.Thread.currentThread;
import static java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength;
import static java.lang.reflect.Modifier.FINAL;
import static java.lang.reflect.Modifier.STATIC;
import static org.mvel2.DataConversion.canConvert;
import static org.mvel2.DataConversion.convert;
import static org.mvel2.MVEL.eval;
import static org.mvel2.MVEL.isAdvancedDebugging;
import static org.mvel2.asm.Opcodes.*;
import static org.mvel2.asm.Type.*;
import static org.mvel2.ast.TypeDescriptor.getClassReference;
import static org.mvel2.integration.GlobalListenerFactory.hasGetListeners;
import static org.mvel2.integration.GlobalListenerFactory.notifyGetListeners;
import static org.mvel2.integration.PropertyHandlerFactory.*;
import static org.mvel2.util.ArrayTools.findFirst;
import static org.mvel2.util.ParseTools.*;
import static org.mvel2.util.PropertyTools.getFieldOrAccessor;
import static org.mvel2.util.PropertyTools.getFieldOrWriteAccessor;
import static org.mvel2.util.ReflectionUtil.toNonPrimitiveArray;
import static org.mvel2.util.ReflectionUtil.toNonPrimitiveType;
import static org.mvel2.util.Varargs.*;


/**
 * Implementation of the MVEL Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler for Property Accessors using the ASM bytecode
 * engineering library.
 * <p/>
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"TypeParameterExplicitlyExtendsObject", "unchecked", "UnusedDeclaration"})
public class ASMAccessorOptimizer extends AbstractOptimizer implements AccessorOptimizer {
  private static final String MAP_IMPL = "java/util/HashMap";

  private static String LIST_IMPL;
  private static String NAMESPACE;
  private static final int OPCODES_VERSION;

  static {
    final String javaVersion = getProperty("java.version");
    if (javaVersion.startsWith("1.4"))
      OPCODES_VERSION = Opcodes.V1_4;
    else if (javaVersion.startsWith("1.5"))
      OPCODES_VERSION = Opcodes.V1_5;
    else if (javaVersion.startsWith("1.6") || javaVersion.startsWith("1.7"))
      OPCODES_VERSION = Opcodes.V1_6;
    else
      OPCODES_VERSION = Opcodes.V1_2;


    String defaultNameSapce = getProperty("mvel2.namespace");
    if (defaultNameSapce == null) NAMESPACE = "org/mvel2/";
    else NAMESPACE = defaultNameSapce;

    String jitListImpl = getProperty("mvel2.jit.list_impl");
    if (jitListImpl == null) LIST_IMPL = NAMESPACE + "util/FastList";
    else LIST_IMPL = jitListImpl;
  }

  private Object ctx;
  private Object thisRef;

  private VariableResolverFactory variableFactory;

  private static final Object[] EMPTYARG = new Object[0];
  private static final Class[] EMPTYCLS = new Class[0];

  private boolean first = true;
  private boolean noinit = false;
  private boolean deferFinish = false;
  private boolean literal = false;

  private boolean propNull = false;
  private boolean methNull = false;

  private String className;
  private ClassWriter cw;
  private MethodVisitor mv;

  private Object val;
  private int stacksize = 1;
  private int maxlocals = 1;
  private long time;

  private ArrayList<ExecutableStatement> compiledInputs;

  private Class ingressType;
  private Class returnType;

  private int compileDepth = 0;

  @SuppressWarnings({"StringBufferField"})
  private StringAppender buildLog;

  public ASMAccessorOptimizer() {
    //do this to confirm we're running the correct version
    //otherwise should create a verification error in VM
    new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS);
  }

  private ASMAccessorOptimizer(ClassWriter cw, MethodVisitor mv,
                               ArrayList<ExecutableStatement> compiledInputs, String className,
                               StringAppender buildLog, int compileDepth) {
    this.cw = cw;
    this.mv = mv;
    this.compiledInputs = compiledInputs;
    this.className = className;
    this.buildLog = buildLog;
    this.compileDepth = compileDepth + 1;

    noinit = true;
    deferFinish = true;
  }

  /**
   * Does all the boilerplate for initiating the JIT.
   */
  private void _initJIT() {
    if (isAdvancedDebugging()) {
      buildLog = new StringAppender();
    }

    cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS + ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);

    synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
      cw.visit(OPCODES_VERSION, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC + Opcodes.ACC_SUPER, className = "ASMAccessorImpl_"
          + valueOf(cw.hashCode()).replaceAll("\\-", "_") + (System.currentTimeMillis() / 10) +
          ((int) Math.random() * 100),
          null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{NAMESPACE + "compiler/Accessor"});
    }

    MethodVisitor m = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC, "<init>", "()V", null, null);

    m.visitCode();
    m.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
    m.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, "java/lang/Object",
        "<init>", "()V");
    m.visitInsn(RETURN);

    m.visitMaxs(1, 1);
    m.visitEnd();

    (mv = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC, "getValue",
        "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;L" + NAMESPACE
            + "integration/VariableResolverFactory;)Ljava/lang/Object;", null, null)).visitCode();
  }


  private void _initJIT2() {
    if (isAdvancedDebugging()) {
      buildLog = new StringAppender();
    }

    cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS + ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);

    synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
      cw.visit(OPCODES_VERSION, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC + Opcodes.ACC_SUPER, className = "ASMAccessorImpl_"
          + valueOf(cw.hashCode()).replaceAll("\\-", "_") + (System.currentTimeMillis() / 10) +
          ((int) Math.random() * 100),
          null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{NAMESPACE + "compiler/Accessor"});
    }

    MethodVisitor m = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC, "<init>", "()V", null, null);

    m.visitCode();
    m.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
    m.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESPECIAL, "java/lang/Object",
        "<init>", "()V");
    m.visitInsn(RETURN);

    m.visitMaxs(1, 1);
    m.visitEnd();

    (mv = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC, "setValue",
        "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;L" + NAMESPACE
            + "integration/VariableResolverFactory;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;", null, null)).visitCode();
  }

  public Accessor optimizeAccessor(ParserContext pCtx, char[] property, int start, int offset, Object staticContext,
                                   Object thisRef, VariableResolverFactory factory, boolean root, Class ingressType) {
    time = System.currentTimeMillis();

    if (compiledInputs == null) compiledInputs = new ArrayList<ExecutableStatement>();

    this.start = cursor = start;
    this.end = start + offset;
    this.length = end - this.start;

    this.first = true;
    this.val = null;

    this.pCtx = pCtx;
    this.expr = property;
    this.ctx = staticContext;
    this.thisRef = thisRef;
    this.variableFactory = factory;
    this.ingressType = ingressType;

    if (!noinit) _initJIT();
    return compileAccessor();
  }

  public Accessor optimizeSetAccessor(ParserContext pCtx, char[] property, int start, int offset, Object ctx,
                                      Object thisRef, VariableResolverFactory factory, boolean rootThisRef,
                                      Object value, Class ingressType) {
    this.expr = property;
    this.start = this.cursor = start;
    this.end = start + offset;
    this.length = start + offset;

    this.first = true;
    this.ingressType = ingressType;

    compiledInputs = new ArrayList<ExecutableStatement>();

    this.pCtx = pCtx;
    this.ctx = ctx;
    this.thisRef = thisRef;
    this.variableFactory = factory;

    char[] root = null;

    PropertyVerifier verifier = new PropertyVerifier(property, this.pCtx = pCtx);

    int split = findLastUnion();

    if (split != -1) {
      root = subset(property, 0, split);
    }

    AccessorNode rootAccessor = null;

    _initJIT2();

    if (root != null) {
      int _length = this.length;
      int _end = this.end;
      char[] _expr = this.expr;

      this.length = end = (this.expr = root).length;

      // run the compiler but don't finish building.
      deferFinish = true;
      noinit = true;

      compileAccessor();
      ctx = this.val;

      this.expr = _expr;
      this.cursor = start + root.length + 1;
      this.length = _length - root.length - 1;
      this.end = this.cursor + this.length;
    }
    else {
      assert debug("ALOAD 1");
      mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
    }

    try {

      skipWhitespace();

      if (collection) {
        int st = cursor;
        whiteSpaceSkip();

        if (st == end)
          throw new PropertyAccessException("unterminated '['", expr, start);

        if (scanTo(']'))
          throw new PropertyAccessException("unterminated '['", expr, start);

        String ex = new String(expr, st, cursor - st).trim();

        assert debug("CHECKCAST " + ctx.getClass().getName());
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getInternalName(ctx.getClass()));


        if (ctx instanceof Map) {
          if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING && hasPropertyHandler(Map.class)) {
            propHandlerByteCodePut(ex, ctx, Map.class, value);
          }
          else {
            //noinspection unchecked
            ((Map) ctx).put(eval(ex, ctx, variableFactory), convert(value, returnType = verifier.analyze()));

            writeLiteralOrSubexpression(subCompileExpression(ex.toCharArray(), pCtx));

            assert debug("ALOAD 4");
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

            if (value != null & returnType != value.getClass()) {
              dataConversion(returnType);
              checkcast(returnType);
            }

            assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE Map.put");
            mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/Map", "put",
                "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;");

            assert debug("POP");
            mv.visitInsn(POP);

            assert debug("ALOAD 4");
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
          }
        }
        else if (ctx instanceof List) {
          if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING && hasPropertyHandler(List.class)) {
            propHandlerByteCodePut(ex, ctx, List.class, value);
          }
          else {
            //noinspection unchecked
            ((List) ctx).set(eval(ex, ctx, variableFactory, Integer.class),
                convert(value, returnType = verifier.analyze()));

            writeLiteralOrSubexpression(subCompileExpression(ex.toCharArray(), pCtx));
            unwrapPrimitive(int.class);

            assert debug("ALOAD 4");
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

            if (value != null & !value.getClass().isAssignableFrom(returnType)) {
              dataConversion(returnType);
              checkcast(returnType);
            }

            assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE List.set");
            mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/List", "set", "(ILjava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;");

            assert debug("ALOAD 4");
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
          }
        }
        else if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING && hasPropertyHandler(ctx.getClass())) {
          propHandlerByteCodePut(ex, ctx, ctx.getClass(), value);
        }
        else if (ctx.getClass().isArray()) {
          if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING && hasPropertyHandler(Array.class)) {
            propHandlerByteCodePut(ex, ctx, Array.class, value);
          }
          else {
            Class type = getBaseComponentType(ctx.getClass());

            Object idx = eval(ex, ctx, variableFactory);

            writeLiteralOrSubexpression(subCompileExpression(ex.toCharArray(), pCtx), int.class);
            if (!(idx instanceof Integer)) {
              dataConversion(Integer.class);
              idx = DataConversion.convert(idx, Integer.class);
              unwrapPrimitive(int.class);
            }

            assert debug("ALOAD 4");
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

            if (type.isPrimitive()) unwrapPrimitive(type);
            else if (!type.equals(value.getClass())) {
              dataConversion(type);
            }

            arrayStore(type);

            //noinspection unchecked
            Array.set(ctx, (Integer) idx, convert(value, type));

            assert debug("ALOAD 4");
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
          }
        }
        else {
          throw new PropertyAccessException("cannot bind to collection property: " + new String(expr)
              + ": not a recognized collection type: " + ctx.getClass(), expr, start);
        }

        deferFinish = false;
        noinit = false;

        _finishJIT();

        try {
          deferFinish = false;
          return _initializeAccessor();
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
          throw new CompileException("could not generate accessor", expr, start, e);
        }
      }

      String tk = new String(expr, this.cursor, this.length);
      Member member = getFieldOrWriteAccessor(ctx.getClass(), tk, value == null ? null : ingressType);

      if (GlobalListenerFactory.hasSetListeners()) {
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
        mv.visitLdcInsn(tk);
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 3);
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, NAMESPACE + "integration/GlobalListenerFactory",
            "notifySetListeners", "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/String;L" + NAMESPACE
            + "integration/VariableResolverFactory;Ljava/lang/Object;)V");

        GlobalListenerFactory.notifySetListeners(ctx, tk, variableFactory, value);
      }

      if (member instanceof Field) {
        checkcast(ctx.getClass());

        Field fld = (Field) member;

        Label jmp = null;
        Label jmp2 = new Label();


        if (fld.getType().isPrimitive()) {
          assert debug("ASTORE 5");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ASTORE, 5);

          assert debug("ALOAD 4");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

          if (value == null) value = PropertyTools.getPrimitiveInitialValue(fld.getType());

          jmp = new Label();
          assert debug("IFNOTNULL jmp");
          mv.visitJumpInsn(IFNONNULL, jmp);

          assert debug("ALOAD 5");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 5);

          assert debug("ICONST_0");
          mv.visitInsn(ICONST_0);

          assert debug("PUTFIELD " + getInternalName(fld.getDeclaringClass()) + "." + tk);
          mv.visitFieldInsn(PUTFIELD, getInternalName(fld.getDeclaringClass()), tk, getDescriptor(fld.getType()));

          assert debug("GOTO jmp2");
          mv.visitJumpInsn(GOTO, jmp2);

          assert debug("jmp:");
          mv.visitLabel(jmp);

          assert debug("ALOAD 5");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 5);

          assert debug("ALOAD 4");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

          unwrapPrimitive(fld.getType());
        }
        else {
          assert debug("ALOAD 4");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
          checkcast(fld.getType());
        }

        if (jmp == null && value != null && !fld.getType().isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
          if (!canConvert(fld.getType(), value.getClass())) {
            throw new CompileException("cannot convert type: "
                + value.getClass() + ": to " + fld.getType(), expr, start);
          }

          dataConversion(fld.getType());
          fld.set(ctx, convert(value, fld.getType()));
        }
        else {
          fld.set(ctx, value);
        }

        assert debug("PUTFIELD " + getInternalName(fld.getDeclaringClass()) + "." + tk);
        mv.visitFieldInsn(PUTFIELD, getInternalName(fld.getDeclaringClass()), tk, getDescriptor(fld.getType()));

        assert debug("jmp2:");
        mv.visitLabel(jmp2);

        assert debug("ALOAD 4");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

      }
      else if (member != null) {
        assert debug("CHECKCAST " + getInternalName(ctx.getClass()));
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getInternalName(ctx.getClass()));

        Method meth = (Method) member;

        assert debug("ALOAD 4");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

        Class targetType = meth.getParameterTypes()[0];


        Label jmp = null;
        Label jmp2 = new Label();
        if (value != null && !targetType.isAssignableFrom(value.getClass())) {
          if (!canConvert(targetType, value.getClass())) {
            throw new CompileException("cannot convert type: "
                + value.getClass() + ": to " + meth.getParameterTypes()[0], expr, start);
          }

          dataConversion(getWrapperClass(targetType));
          if (targetType.isPrimitive()) {
            unwrapPrimitive(targetType);
          }
          else checkcast(targetType);
          meth.invoke(ctx, convert(value, meth.getParameterTypes()[0]));
        }
        else {
          if (targetType.isPrimitive()) {

            if (value == null) value = PropertyTools.getPrimitiveInitialValue(targetType);

            jmp = new Label();
            assert debug("IFNOTNULL jmp");
            mv.visitJumpInsn(IFNONNULL, jmp);

            assert debug("ICONST_0");
            mv.visitInsn(ICONST_0);

            assert debug("INVOKEVIRTUAL " + getInternalName(meth.getDeclaringClass()) + "." + meth.getName());
            mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, getInternalName(meth.getDeclaringClass()), meth.getName(),
                getMethodDescriptor(meth));

            assert debug("GOTO jmp2");
            mv.visitJumpInsn(GOTO, jmp2);

            assert debug("jmp:");
            mv.visitLabel(jmp);

            assert debug("ALOAD 4");
            mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

            unwrapPrimitive(targetType);
          }
          else {
            checkcast(targetType);
          }

          meth.invoke(ctx, value);

        }

        assert debug("INVOKEVIRTUAL " + getInternalName(meth.getDeclaringClass()) + "." + meth.getName());
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, getInternalName(meth.getDeclaringClass()), meth.getName(),
            getMethodDescriptor(meth));

        assert debug("jmp2:");
        mv.visitLabel(jmp2);

        assert debug("ALOAD 4");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
      }
      else if (ctx instanceof Map) {
        assert debug("CHECKCAST " + getInternalName(ctx.getClass()));
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getInternalName(ctx.getClass()));

        assert debug("LDC '" + tk + "'");
        mv.visitLdcInsn(tk);

        assert debug("ALOAD 4");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

        assert debug("INVOKEVIRTUAL java/util/HashMap.put");
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/util/HashMap", "put", "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;");

        assert debug("ALOAD 4");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);

        //noinspection unchecked
        ((Map) ctx).put(tk, value);
      }
      else {
        throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access property (" + tk + ") in: "
            + ingressType.getName(), expr, start);
      }
    }
    catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access property", expr, start, e);
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access property", expr, start, e);
    }

    try {
      deferFinish = false;
      noinit = false;

      _finishJIT();
      return _initializeAccessor();
    }
    catch (Exception e) {

      throw new CompileException("could not generate accessor", expr, start, e);
    }
  }

  private void _finishJIT() {
    if (deferFinish) {
      return;
    }

    if (returnType != null && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
      //noinspection unchecked
      wrapPrimitive(returnType);
    }

    if (returnType == void.class) {
      assert debug("ACONST_NULL");
      mv.visitInsn(ACONST_NULL);
    }

    assert debug("ARETURN");
    mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);

    assert debug("\n{METHOD STATS (maxstack=" + stacksize + ")}\n");


    dumpAdvancedDebugging(); // dump advanced debugging if necessary


    mv.visitMaxs(stacksize, maxlocals);
    mv.visitEnd();

    mv = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC, "getKnownEgressType", "()Ljava/lang/Class;", null, null);
    mv.visitCode();
    visitConstantClass(returnType);
    mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);

    mv.visitMaxs(1, 1);
    mv.visitEnd();

    if (propNull) {
      cw.visitField(ACC_PUBLIC, "nullPropertyHandler", "L" + NAMESPACE + "integration/PropertyHandler;", null, null).visitEnd();
    }

    if (methNull) {
      cw.visitField(ACC_PUBLIC, "nullMethodHandler", "L" + NAMESPACE + "integration/PropertyHandler;", null, null).visitEnd();
    }

    buildInputs();

    if (buildLog != null && buildLog.length() != 0 && expr != null) {
      mv = cw.visitMethod(ACC_PUBLIC, "toString", "()Ljava/lang/String;", null, null);
      mv.visitCode();
      Label l0 = new Label();
      mv.visitLabel(l0);
      mv.visitLdcInsn(buildLog.toString() + "\n\n## { " + new String(expr) + " }");
      mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);
      Label l1 = new Label();
      mv.visitLabel(l1);
      mv.visitMaxs(1, 1);
      mv.visitEnd();
    }

    cw.visitEnd();

  }

  private void visitConstantClass(Class<?> clazz) {
    if (clazz == null) clazz = Object.class;
    if (clazz.isPrimitive()) {
        mv.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC, toNonPrimitiveType(clazz).getName().replace(".", "/"), "TYPE", "Ljava/lang/Class;");
    } else {
        mv.visitLdcInsn(org.mvel2.asm.Type.getType(clazz));
    }
  }

  private Accessor _initializeAccessor() throws Exception {
    if (deferFinish) {
      return null;
    }
    /**
     * Hot load the class we just generated.
     */
    Class cls = loadClass(className, cw.toByteArray());

    assert debug("[MVEL JIT Completed Optimization <<" + (expr != null ? new String(expr) : "") + ">>]::" + cls
        + " (time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - time) + "ms)");

    Object o;

    try {
      if (compiledInputs.size() == 0) {
        o = cls.newInstance();
      }
      else {
        Class[] parms = new Class[compiledInputs.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < compiledInputs.size(); i++) {
          parms[i] = ExecutableStatement.class;
        }
        o = cls.getConstructor(parms).newInstance(compiledInputs.toArray(new ExecutableStatement[compiledInputs.size()]));
      }

      if (propNull) cls.getField("nullPropertyHandler").set(o, getNullPropertyHandler());
      if (methNull) cls.getField("nullMethodHandler").set(o, getNullMethodHandler());

    }
    catch (VerifyError e) {
      System.out.println("**** COMPILER BUG! REPORT THIS IMMEDIATELY AT http://jira.codehaus.org/browse/mvel2");
      System.out.println("Expression: " + (expr == null ? null : new String(expr)));
      throw e;
    }

    return (Accessor) o;
  }

  private Accessor compileAccessor() {
    assert debug("<<INITIATE COMPILE>>");

    Object curr = ctx;

    try {
      if (!MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_OVERRIDE_ALL_PROPHANDLING) {
        while (cursor < end) {
          switch (nextSubToken()) {
            case BEAN:
              curr = getBeanProperty(curr, capture());
              break;
            case METH:
              curr = getMethod(curr, capture());
              break;
            case COL:
              curr = getCollectionProperty(curr, capture());
              break;
            case WITH:
              curr = getWithProperty(curr);
              break;
          }

          // check to see if a null safety is enabled on this property.
          if (fields == -1) {
            if (curr == null) {
              if (nullSafe) {
                throw new OptimizationNotSupported();
              }
              break;
            }
            else {
              fields = 0;
            }
          }

          first = false;

          if (nullSafe && cursor < end) {

            assert debug("DUP");
            mv.visitInsn(DUP);

            Label j = new Label();

            assert debug("IFNONNULL : jump");
            mv.visitJumpInsn(IFNONNULL, j);

            assert debug("ARETURN");
            mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);

            assert debug("LABEL:jump");
            mv.visitLabel(j);
          }
        }
      }
      else {
        while (cursor < end) {
          switch (nextSubToken()) {
            case BEAN:
              curr = getBeanPropertyAO(curr, capture());
              break;
            case METH:
              curr = getMethod(curr, capture());
              break;
            case COL:
              curr = getCollectionPropertyAO(curr, capture());
              break;
            case WITH:
              curr = getWithProperty(curr);
              break;
          }

          // check to see if a null safety is enabled on this property.
          if (fields == -1) {
            if (curr == null) {
              if (nullSafe) {
                throw new OptimizationNotSupported();
              }
              break;
            }
            else {
              fields = 0;
            }
          }

          first = false;

          if (nullSafe && cursor < end) {

            assert debug("DUP");
            mv.visitInsn(DUP);

            Label j = new Label();

            assert debug("IFNONNULL : jump");
            mv.visitJumpInsn(IFNONNULL, j);

            assert debug("ARETURN");
            mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);

            assert debug("LABEL:jump");
            mv.visitLabel(j);
          }
        }
      }

      val = curr;

      _finishJIT();

      return _initializeAccessor();
    }
    catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException(new String(expr), expr, st, e);
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException(new String(expr), expr, st, e);
    }
    catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException(new String(expr), expr, st, e);
    }
    catch (PropertyAccessException e) {
      throw new CompileException(e.getMessage(), expr, st, e);
    }
    catch (CompileException e) {
      throw e;
    }
    catch (NullPointerException e) {
      throw new PropertyAccessException(new String(expr), expr, st, e);
    }
    catch (OptimizationNotSupported e) {
      throw e;
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      throw new CompileException(e.getMessage(), expr, st, e);
    }
  }

  private Object getWithProperty(Object ctx) {
    assert debug("\n  ** ENTER -> {with}");

    if (first) {
      assert debug("ALOAD 1");
      mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
      first = false;
    }

    String root = new String(expr, 0, cursor - 1).trim();

    int start = cursor + 1;
    cursor = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(expr, cursor, end, '{', pCtx);
    this.returnType = ctx != null ? ctx.getClass() : null;

    for (WithNode.ParmValuePair aPvp : WithNode.compileWithExpressions(expr, start, cursor++ - start, root, ingressType, pCtx)) {
      assert debug("DUP");
      mv.visitInsn(DUP);

      assert debug("ASTORE " + (5 + compileDepth) + " (withctx)");
      mv.visitVarInsn(ASTORE, 5 + compileDepth);

      aPvp.eval(ctx, variableFactory);

      if (aPvp.getSetExpression() == null) {
        addSubstatement(aPvp.getStatement());
      }
      else {
        compiledInputs.add((ExecutableStatement) aPvp.getSetExpression());

        // load set expression
        assert debug("ALOAD 0");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 0);

        assert debug("GETFIELD p" + (compiledInputs.size() - 1));
        mv.visitFieldInsn(GETFIELD, className, "p" + (compiledInputs.size() - 1), "L" + NAMESPACE
            + "compiler/ExecutableStatement;");

        // ctx
        assert debug("ALOAD " + (5 + compileDepth) + "(withctx)");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, (5 + compileDepth));

        // elCtx
        assert debug("ALOAD 2");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 2);

        // variable factory
        assert debug("ALOAD 3");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 3);

        // the value to set.
        addSubstatement(aPvp.getStatement());

        assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE Accessor.setValue");
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, NAMESPACE + "compiler/ExecutableStatement",
            "setValue",
            "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;L"
                + NAMESPACE + "integration/VariableResolverFactory;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;");

        assert debug("POP");
        mv.visitInsn(POP);
      }
    }

    return ctx;
  }

  private Object getBeanPropertyAO(Object ctx, String property)
      throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
    if (ctx != null && hasPropertyHandler(ctx.getClass())) {
      return propHandlerByteCode(property, ctx, ctx.getClass());
    }
    return getBeanProperty(ctx, property);
  }

  private Object getBeanProperty(Object ctx, String property)
      throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {

    assert debug("\n  **  ENTER -> {bean: " + property + "; ctx=" + ctx + "}");

    if ((pCtx == null ? currType : pCtx.getVarOrInputTypeOrNull(property)) == Object.class
        && !pCtx.isStrongTyping()) {
      currType = null;
    }

    if (returnType != null && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
      //noinspection unchecked
      wrapPrimitive(returnType);
    }


    boolean classRef = false;

    Class<?> cls;
    if (ctx instanceof Class) {
      if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_SUPPORT_JAVA_STYLE_CLASS_LITERALS
          && "class".equals(property)) {
        ldcClassConstant((Class<?>) ctx);

        return ctx;
      }

      cls = (Class<?>) ctx;
      classRef = true;
    }
    else if (ctx != null) {
      cls = ctx.getClass();
    }
    else {
      cls = null;
    }

    if (hasPropertyHandler(cls)) {
      PropertyHandler prop = getPropertyHandler(cls);
      if (prop instanceof ProducesBytecode) {
        ((ProducesBytecode) prop).produceBytecodeGet(mv, property, variableFactory);
        return prop.getProperty(property, ctx, variableFactory);
      }
      else {
        throw new RuntimeException("unable to compileShared: custom accessor does not support producing bytecode: "
            + prop.getClass().getName());
      }
    }

    Member member = cls != null ? getFieldOrAccessor(cls, property) : null;

    if (member != null && classRef && (member.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
      member = null;
    }

    if (member != null && hasGetListeners()) {
      mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
      mv.visitLdcInsn(member.getName());
      mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 3);
      mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, NAMESPACE + "integration/GlobalListenerFactory", "notifyGetListeners",
          "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/String;L" + NAMESPACE + "integration/VariableResolverFactory;)V");

      notifyGetListeners(ctx, member.getName(), variableFactory);
    }

    if (first) {
      if ("this".equals(property)) {
        assert debug("ALOAD 2");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 2);
        return thisRef;
      }
      else if (variableFactory != null && variableFactory.isResolveable(property)) {

        if (variableFactory.isIndexedFactory() && variableFactory.isTarget(property)) {
          int idx;
          try {
            loadVariableByIndex(idx = variableFactory.variableIndexOf(property));
          }
          catch (Exception e) {
            throw new OptimizationFailure(property);
          }


          return variableFactory.getIndexedVariableResolver(idx).getValue();
        }
        else {
          try {
            loadVariableByName(property);
          }
          catch (Exception e) {
            throw new OptimizationFailure("critical error in JIT", e);
          }

          return variableFactory.getVariableResolver(property).getValue();
        }
      }
      else {
        assert debug("ALOAD 1");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
      }
    }

    if (member instanceof Field) {
      Object o = ((Field) member).get(ctx);

      if (((member.getModifiers() & STATIC) != 0)) {
        // Check if the static field reference is a constant and a primitive.
        if ((member.getModifiers() & FINAL) != 0 && (o instanceof String || ((Field) member).getType().isPrimitive())) {
          o = ((Field) member).get(null);
          assert debug("LDC " + valueOf(o));
          mv.visitLdcInsn(o);
          wrapPrimitive(o.getClass());

          if (hasNullPropertyHandler()) {
            if (o == null) {
              o = getNullPropertyHandler().getProperty(member.getName(), ctx, variableFactory);
            }

            writeOutNullHandler(member, 0);
          }
          return o;
        }
        else {
          assert debug("GETSTATIC " + getDescriptor(member.getDeclaringClass()) + "."
              + member.getName() + "::" + getDescriptor(((Field) member).getType()));

          mv.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC, getInternalName(member.getDeclaringClass()),
              member.getName(), getDescriptor(returnType = ((Field) member).getType()));
        }
      }
      else {
        assert debug("CHECKCAST " + getInternalName(cls));
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getInternalName(cls));

        assert debug("GETFIELD " + property + ":" + getDescriptor(((Field) member).getType()));
        mv.visitFieldInsn(GETFIELD, getInternalName(cls), property, getDescriptor(returnType = ((Field) member)
            .getType()));
      }

      returnType = ((Field) member).getType();

      if (hasNullPropertyHandler()) {
        if (o == null) {
          o = getNullPropertyHandler().getProperty(member.getName(), ctx, variableFactory);
        }

        writeOutNullHandler(member, 0);
      }

      currType = toNonPrimitiveType(returnType);
      return o;
    }
    else if (member != null) {
      Object o;

      if (first) {
        assert debug("ALOAD 1 (B)");
        mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
      }

      try {
        o = ((Method) member).invoke(ctx, EMPTYARG);

        if (returnType != member.getDeclaringClass()) {
          assert debug("CHECKCAST " + getInternalName(member.getDeclaringClass()));
          mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getInternalName(member.getDeclaringClass()));
        }

        returnType = ((Method) member).getReturnType();

        assert debug("INVOKEVIRTUAL " + member.getName() + ":" + returnType);
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, getInternalName(member.getDeclaringClass()), member.getName(),
            getMethodDescriptor((Method) member));
      }
      catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        Method iFaceMeth = determineActualTargetMethod((Method) member);
        if (iFaceMeth == null)
          throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access field: " + cls.getName() + "." + property, expr, st, e);

        assert debug("CHECKCAST " + getInternalName(iFaceMeth.getDeclaringClass()));
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getInternalName(iFaceMeth.getDeclaringClass()));

        returnType = iFaceMeth.getReturnType();

        assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE " + member.getName() + ":" + returnType);
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, getInternalName(iFaceMeth.getDeclaringClass()), member.getName(),
            getMethodDescriptor((Method) member));

        o = iFaceMeth.invoke(ctx, EMPTYARG);
      }
      catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
        if (member.getDeclaringClass().equals(ctx)) {
          try {
            Class c = Class.forName(member.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "$" + property);

            throw new CompileException("name collision between innerclass: " + c.getCanonicalName()
                + "; and bean accessor: " + property + " (" + member.toString() + ")", expr, tkStart);
          }
          catch (ClassNotFoundException e2) {
            //fallthru
          }
        }
        throw e;
      }


      if (hasNullPropertyHandler()) {
        if (o == null) o = getNullPropertyHandler().getProperty(member.getName(), ctx, variableFactory);
        writeOutNullHandler(member, 0);
      }

      currType = toNonPrimitiveType(returnType);
      return o;
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof Map && (((Map) ctx).containsKey(property) || nullSafe)) {
      assert debug("CHECKCAST java/util/Map");
      mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, "java/util/Map");

      assert debug("LDC: \"" + property + "\"");
      mv.visitLdcInsn(property);

      assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE: get");
      mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/Map", "get", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;");
      return ((Map) ctx).get(property);
    }
    else if (first && "this".equals(property)) {
      assert debug("ALOAD 2");
      mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 2); // load the thisRef value.

      return this.thisRef;
    }
    else if ("length".equals(property) && ctx.getClass().isArray()) {
      anyArrayCheck(ctx.getClass());

      assert debug("ARRAYLENGTH");
      mv.visitInsn(ARRAYLENGTH);

      wrapPrimitive(int.class);
      return getLength(ctx);
    }
    else if (LITERALS.containsKey(property)) {
      Object lit = LITERALS.get(property);

      if (lit instanceof Class) {
        ldcClassConstant((Class) lit);
      }

      return lit;
    }
    else {
      Object ts = tryStaticAccess();

      if (ts != null) {
        if (ts instanceof Class) {
          ldcClassConstant((Class) ts);
          return ts;
        }
        else if (ts instanceof Method) {
          writeFunctionPointerStub(((Method) ts).getDeclaringClass(), (Method) ts);
          return ts;
        }
        else {
          Field f = (Field) ts;

          if ((f.getModifiers() & FINAL) != 0) {
            Object finalVal = f.get(null);
            assert debug("LDC " + valueOf(finalVal));
            mv.visitLdcInsn(finalVal);
            wrapPrimitive(finalVal.getClass());
            return finalVal;
          }
          else {
            assert debug("GETSTATIC " + getInternalName(f.getDeclaringClass()) + "."
                + ((Field) ts).getName() + "::" + getDescriptor(f.getType()));

            mv.visitFieldInsn(GETSTATIC, getInternalName(f.getDeclaringClass()),
                f.getName(), getDescriptor(returnType = f.getType()));


            return f.get(null);
          }
        }
      }
      else if (ctx instanceof Class) {
        /**
         * This is our ugly support for function pointers.  This works but needs to be re-thought out at some
         * point.
         */
        Class c = (Class) ctx;
        for (Method m : c.getMethods()) {
          if (property.equals(m.getName())) {
            if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_NAKED_METH_CALL) {
              assert debug("POP");
              mv.visitInsn(POP);
              assert debug("INVOKESTATIC " + m.getName());
              mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, getInternalName(m.getDeclaringClass()), m.getName(),
                  getMethodDescriptor(m));

              returnType = m.getReturnType();

              return m.invoke(null, EMPTY_OBJ_ARR);
            }
            else {
              writeFunctionPointerStub(c, m);
              return m;
            }
          }
        }


        try {
          Class subClass = findClass(variableFactory, c.getName() + "$" + property, pCtx);
          ldcClassConstant(subClass);
          return subClass;
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
          // fall through.
        }

      }
      else if (MVEL.COMPILER_OPT_ALLOW_NAKED_METH_CALL) {
        return getMethod(ctx, property);
      }

      if (ctx == null) {
        throw new PropertyAccessException("unresolvable property or identifier: " + property, expr, st);
      }
      else {
        throw new PropertyAccessException("could not access: " + property + "; in class: "
            + ctx.getClass().getName(), expr, st);
      }
    }
  }


  private void writeFunctionPointerStub(Class c, Method m) {
    ldcClassConstant(c);

    mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/Class", "getMethods", "()[Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;");
    mv.visitVarInsn(ASTORE, 7);
    mv.visitInsn(ICONST_0);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ISTORE, 5);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 7);
    mv.visitInsn(ARRAYLENGTH);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ISTORE, 6);
    Label l1 = new Label();
    mv.visitJumpInsn(GOTO, l1);
    Label l2 = new Label();
    mv.visitLabel(l2);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 7);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ILOAD, 5);
    mv.visitInsn(AALOAD);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ASTORE, 4);
    Label l3 = new Label();
    mv.visitLabel(l3);
    mv.visitLdcInsn(m.getName());
    mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
    mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/reflect/Method", "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
    mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/String", "equals", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z");
    Label l4 = new Label();
    mv.visitJumpInsn(IFEQ, l4);
    Label l5 = new Label();
    mv.visitLabel(l5);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 4);
    mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);
    mv.visitLabel(l4);
    mv.visitIincInsn(5, 1);
    mv.visitLabel(l1);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ILOAD, 5);
    mv.visitVarInsn(ILOAD, 6);
    mv.visitJumpInsn(IF_ICMPLT, l2);
    Label l6 = new Label();
    mv.visitLabel(l6);
    mv.visitInsn(ACONST_NULL);
    mv.visitInsn(ARETURN);

    //   deferFinish = true;
  }


  private Object getCollectionProperty(Object ctx, String prop)
      throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
    if (prop.trim().length() > 0) {
      ctx = getBeanProperty(ctx, prop);
      first = false;
    }

    currType = null;
    if (ctx == null) return null;

    assert debug("\n  **  ENTER -> {collection:<<" + prop + ">>; ctx=" + ctx + "}");

    if (first) {
      assert debug("ALOAD 1");
      mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
    }

    int start = ++cursor;

    skipWhitespace();

    if (cursor == end)
      throw new CompileException("unterminated '['", expr, st);

    if (scanTo(']'))
      throw new CompileException("unterminated '['", expr, st);

    String tk = new String(expr, start, cursor - start);

    assert debug("{collection token: [" + tk + "]}");

    ExecutableStatement compiled = (ExecutableStatement) subCompileExpression(tk.toCharArray(), pCtx);
    Object item = compiled.getValue(ctx, variableFactory);

    ++cursor;

    if (ctx instanceof Map) {
      assert debug("CHECKCAST java/util/Map");
      mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, "java/util/Map");

      Class c = writeLiteralOrSubexpression(compiled);
      if (c != null && c.isPrimitive()) {
        wrapPrimitive(c);
      }

      assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE: get");
      mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/Map", "get", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;");

      return ((Map) ctx).get(item);
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof List) {
      assert debug("CHECKCAST java/util/List");
      mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, "java/util/List");

      writeLiteralOrSubexpression(compiled, int.class);

      assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE: java/util/List.get");
      mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/List", "get", "(I)Ljava/lang/Object;");

      return ((List) ctx).get(convert(item, Integer.class));

    }
    else if (ctx.getClass().isArray()) {
      assert debug("CHECKCAST " + getDescriptor(ctx.getClass()));
      mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getDescriptor(ctx.getClass()));

      writeLiteralOrSubexpression(compiled, int.class, item.getClass());

      Class cls = getBaseComponentType(ctx.getClass());
      if (cls.isPrimitive()) {
        if (cls == int.class) {
          assert debug("IALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(IALOAD);
        }
        else if (cls == char.class) {
          assert debug("CALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(CALOAD);
        }
        else if (cls == boolean.class) {
          assert debug("BALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(BALOAD);
        }
        else if (cls == double.class) {
          assert debug("DALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(DALOAD);
        }
        else if (cls == float.class) {
          assert debug("FALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(FALOAD);
        }
        else if (cls == short.class) {
          assert debug("SALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(SALOAD);
        }
        else if (cls == long.class) {
          assert debug("LALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(LALOAD);
        }
        else if (cls == byte.class) {
          assert debug("BALOAD");
          mv.visitInsn(BALOAD);
        }

        wrapPrimitive(cls);
      }
      else {
        assert debug("AALOAD");
        mv.visitInsn(AALOAD);
      }

      return Array.get(ctx, convert(item, Integer.class));
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof CharSequence) {
      assert debug("CHECKCAST java/lang/CharSequence");
      mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, "java/lang/CharSequence");

      if (item instanceof Integer) {
        intPush((Integer) item);

        assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE java/lang/CharSequence.charAt");
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/lang/CharSequence", "charAt", "(I)C");

        wrapPrimitive(char.class);

        return ((CharSequence) ctx).charAt((Integer) item);
      }
      else {
        writeLiteralOrSubexpression(compiled, Integer.class);
        unwrapPrimitive(int.class);

        assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE java/lang/CharSequence.charAt");
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/lang/CharSequence", "charAt", "(I)C");

        wrapPrimitive(char.class);

        return ((CharSequence) ctx).charAt(convert(item, Integer.class));
      }
    }
    else {
      TypeDescriptor tDescr = new TypeDescriptor(expr, this.start, length, 0);
      if (tDescr.isArray()) {
        try {
          Class cls = getClassReference((Class) ctx, tDescr, variableFactory, pCtx);
          //   rootNode = new StaticReferenceAccessor(cls);
          ldcClassConstant(cls);
          return cls;
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
          //fall through
        }
      }

      throw new CompileException("illegal use of []: unknown type: "
          + (ctx == null ? null : ctx.getClass().getName()), expr, st);
    }
  }

  private Object getCollectionPropertyAO(Object ctx, String prop)
      throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
    if (prop.length() > 0) {
      ctx = getBeanProperty(ctx, prop);
      first = false;
    }

    currType = null;
    if (ctx == null) return null;

    assert debug("\n  **  ENTER -> {collection:<<" + prop + ">>; ctx=" + ctx + "}");

    int _start = ++cursor;

    skipWhitespace();

    if (cursor == end)
      throw new CompileException("unterminated '['", expr, st);

    if (scanTo(']'))
      throw new CompileException("unterminated '['", expr, st);

    String tk = new String(expr, _start, cursor - _start);

    assert debug("{collection token:<<" + tk + ">>}");

    ExecutableStatement compiled = (ExecutableStatement) subCompileExpression(tk.toCharArray());
    Object item = compiled.getValue(ctx, variableFactory);

    ++cursor;

    if (ctx instanceof Map) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(Map.class)) {
        return propHandlerByteCode(tk, ctx, Map.class);
      }
      else {
        if (first) {
          assert debug("ALOAD 1");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
        }

        assert debug("CHECKCAST java/util/Map");
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, "java/util/Map");

        Class c = writeLiteralOrSubexpression(compiled);
        if (c != null && c.isPrimitive()) {
          wrapPrimitive(c);
        }

        assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE: Map.get");
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/Map", "get", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;");
      }

      return ((Map) ctx).get(item);
    }
    else if (ctx instanceof List) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(List.class)) {
        return propHandlerByteCode(tk, ctx, List.class);
      }
      else {
        if (first) {
          assert debug("ALOAD 1");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
        }

        assert debug("CHECKCAST java/util/List");
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, "java/util/List");

        writeLiteralOrSubexpression(compiled, int.class);

        assert debug("INVOKEINTERFACE: java/util/List.get");
        mv.visitMethodInsn(INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/List", "get", "(I)Ljava/lang/Object;");

        return ((List) ctx).get(convert(item, Integer.class));
      }
    }
    else if (ctx.getClass().isArray()) {
      if (hasPropertyHandler(Array.class)) {
        return propHandlerByteCode(tk, ctx, Array.class);
      }
      else {
        if (first) {
          assert debug("ALOAD 1");
          mv.visitVarInsn(ALOAD, 1);
        }

        assert debug("CHECKCAST " + getDescriptor(ctx.getClass()));
        mv.visitTypeInsn(CHECKCAST, getDescriptor(ctx.getClass()));

        writeLiteralOrSubexpression(compiled, int.class, item.getClass());

      …