/django/contrib/auth/__init__.py

import re

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured, PermissionDenied
from django.utils.module_loading import import_by_path
from django.middleware.csrf import rotate_token

from .signals import user_logged_in, user_logged_out, user_login_failed

SESSION_KEY = '_auth_user_id'
BACKEND_SESSION_KEY = '_auth_user_backend'
REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME = 'next'


def load_backend(path):
    return import_by_path(path)()


def get_backends():
    backends = []
    for backend_path in settings.AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS:
        backends.append(load_backend(backend_path))
    if not backends:
        raise ImproperlyConfigured('No authentication backends have been defined. Does AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS contain anything?')
    return backends


def _clean_credentials(credentials):
    """
    Cleans a dictionary of credentials of potentially sensitive info before
    sending to less secure functions.

    Not comprehensive - intended for user_login_failed signal
    """
    SENSITIVE_CREDENTIALS = re.compile('api|token|key|secret|password|signature', re.I)
    CLEANSED_SUBSTITUTE = '********************'
    for key in credentials:
        if SENSITIVE_CREDENTIALS.search(key):
            credentials[key] = CLEANSED_SUBSTITUTE
    return credentials


def authenticate(**credentials):
    """
    If the given credentials are valid, return a User object.
    """
    for backend in get_backends():
        try:
            user = backend.authenticate(**credentials)
        except TypeError:
            # This backend doesn't accept these credentials as arguments. Try the next one.
            continue
        except PermissionDenied:
            # This backend says to stop in our tracks - this user should not be allowed in at all.
            return None
        if user is None:
            continue
        # Annotate the user object with the path of the backend.
        user.backend = "%s.%s" % (backend.__module__, backend.__class__.__name__)
        return user

    # The credentials supplied are invalid to all backends, fire signal
    user_login_failed.send(sender=__name__,
            credentials=_clean_credentials(credentials))


def login(request, user):
    """
    Persist a user id and a backend in the request. This way a user doesn't
    have to reauthenticate on every request. Note that data set during
    the anonymous session is retained when the user logs in.
    """
    if user is None:
        user = request.user
    # TODO: It would be nice to support different login methods, like signed cookies.
    if SESSION_KEY in request.session:
        if request.session[SESSION_KEY] != user.pk:
            # To avoid reusing another user's session, create a new, empty
            # session if the existing session corresponds to a different
            # authenticated user.
            request.session.flush()
    else:
        request.session.cycle_key()
    request.session[SESSION_KEY] = user.pk
    request.session[BACKEND_SESSION_KEY] = user.backend
    if hasattr(request, 'user'):
        request.user = user
    rotate_token(request)
    user_logged_in.send(sender=user.__class__, request=request, user=user)


def logout(request):
    """
    Removes the authenticated user's ID from the request and flushes their
    session data.
    """
    # Dispatch the signal before the user is logged out so the receivers have a
    # chance to find out *who* logged out.
    user = getattr(request, 'user', None)
    if hasattr(user, 'is_authenticated') and not user.is_authenticated():
        user = None
    user_logged_out.send(sender=user.__class__, request=request, user=user)

    request.session.flush()
    if hasattr(request, 'user'):
        from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser
        request.user = AnonymousUser()


def get_user_model():
    """
    Returns the User model that is active in this project.
    """
    from django.db.models import get_model

    try:
        app_label, model_name = settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL.split('.')
    except ValueError:
        raise ImproperlyConfigured("AUTH_USER_MODEL must be of the form 'app_label.model_name'")
    user_model = get_model(app_label, model_name)
    if user_model is None:
        raise ImproperlyConfigured("AUTH_USER_MODEL refers to model '%s' that has not been installed" % settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
    return user_model


def get_user(request):
    """
    Returns the user model instance associated with the given request session.
    If no user is retrieved an instance of `AnonymousUser` is returned.
    """
    from .models import AnonymousUser
    try:
        user_id = request.session[SESSION_KEY]
        backend_path = request.session[BACKEND_SESSION_KEY]
        assert backend_path in settings.AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS
        backend = load_backend(backend_path)
        user = backend.get_user(user_id) or AnonymousUser()
    except (KeyError, AssertionError):
        user = AnonymousUser()
    return user


def get_permission_codename(action, opts):
    """
    Returns the codename of the permission for the specified action.
    """
    return '%s_%s' % (action, opts.model_name)