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  1. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
    2. 

  2. <html>
    3. 

  3. <head>
    4. 

  4.   <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type">
    5. 

  5.   <title>D Front End for GCC</title>
    6. 

  6. </head>
    7. 

  7. <body>
    8. 

  8. <h2>D Front End for GCC - Release 0.30<br>
    9. 

  9. </h2>
    10. 

  10. Last update: July 24, 2011<br>
    11. 

  11. <h3>Supported Systems</h3>
    12. 

  12. <ul>
    13. 

  13.   <li>GCC 4.2.x, 4.3.x, 4.4.x, 4.5.x, 4.6.x<br>
    14. 

  14.   </li>
    15. 

  15.   <li>Linux (tested on Debian Sid and Ubuntu Oneiric x86, x86_64)<br>
    16. 

  16.   </li>
    17. 

  17.   <li>Mac OS X 10.3.9, 10.4.x<br>
    18. 

  18.   </li>
    19. 

  19.   <li>FreeBSD 6.x, 7.x</li>
    20. 

  20.   <li>Cygwin</li>
    21. 

  21.   <li>MinGW</li>
    22. 

  22.   <li>AIX (tested on 5.1)</li>
    23. 

  23. </ul>
    24. 

  24. 

  25. Similar versions of the above systems should work and other Unix
    26. 

  26. platforms may
    27. 

  27. work.&nbsp;
    28. 

  28. Although the compiler will
    29. 

  29. probably work on most architectures, the D
    30. 

  30. runtime library will still need to be updated to support them.<br>
    31. 

  31. 

  32. <h3>Requirements</h3>
    33. 

  33. The MacOS X universal binary package requires XCode 2.4.1 or the
    34. 

  34. equivalent version of cctools.
    35. 

  35. <h3>Downloads</h3>
    36. 

  36. <ul>
    37. 

  37.   <li><a href="http://bitbucket.org/goshawk/gdc/wiki/Home">Main
    38. 

  38. package</a></li>
    39. 

  39.   <li><a href="INSTALL.html">Build Instructions</a></li>
    40. 

  40. </ul>
    41. 

  41. 

  42. <h3>Links</h3>
    43. 

  43. <ul>
    44. 

  44.   <li><a href="http://bitbucket.org/goshawk/gdc/wiki/Home">GDC: D
    45. 

  45. Compiler for GCC</a><br>
    46. 

  46.   </li>
    47. 

  47.   <li><a href="http://www.digitalmars.com/d/">The D
    48. 

  48. Programming Language</a></li>
    49. 

  49.   <li><a href="http://digitalmars.com/d/dlinks.html">D
    50. 

  50. Links Page</a><br>
    51. 

  51.   </li>
    52. 

  52.   <li><a href="news://news.digitalmars.com/D.gnu">The
    53. 

  53. D.gnu newsgroup</a></li>
    54. 

  54.   <li>For general D discussion, the <a href="news://news.digitalmars.com/digitalmars.D">digitalmars.D</a>
    55. 

  55. and <a href="news://news.digitalmars.com/digitalmars.D.bugs">digitalmars.D.bugs</a>
    56. 

  56. newsgroups<br>
    57. 

  57.   </li>
    58. 

  58.   <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/">The GNU Compiler
    59. 

  59. Collection</a></li>
    60. 

  60.   <li><a href="http://gdcmac.sourceforge.net/">Mac
    61. 

  61. OS X binary
    62. 

  62. distribution</a><br>
    63. 

  63.   </li>
    64. 

  64. </ul>
    65. 

  65. 

  66. <h3>Contact</h3>
    67. 

  67. David Friedman<br>
    68. 

  68. e-mail: dvdfrdmn &lt;at&gt; users.sf.net<br>
    69. 

  69. Iain Buclaw<br>
    70. 

  70. e-mail: ibuclaw &lt;at&gt; ubuntu.com<br>
    71. 

  71. Michael Parrott<br>
    72. 

  72. e-mail: baseball.mjp &lt;at&gt; gmail.com<br>
    73. 

  73. 

  74. <h3>Status<br>
    75. 

  75. </h3>
    76. 

  76. 

  77. <h4>Known Issues </h4>
    78. 

  78. <ul>
    79. 

  79.   <li>See the <a href="http://svn.kuehne.cn/dstress/www/dstress.html">DStress</a>
    80. 

  80. page for known failing cases.<br>
    81. 

  81.   </li>
    82. 

  82.   <li>Debugging information may have a few problems. To enable D
    83. 

  83. name
    84. 

  84. mangling in gdb, apply <a href="http://dsource.org/projects/gdb-patches/">this patch</a>.<br>
    85. 

  85.   </li>
    86. 

  86.   <li>Some targets do not support once-only linking. A workaround
    87. 

  87. is to
    88. 

  88. manually control template emission. See the <span style="font-family: monospace;">-femit-templates</span>
    89. 

  89. option below. For Darwin, Apple's GCC 3.x compiler supports
    90. 

  90. one-only linking, but GDC does not build with those sources. There are
    91. 

  91. no
    92. 

  92. problems with the stock GCC 4.x on Darwin.<br>
    93. 

  93.   </li>
    94. 

  94.   <ol>
    95. 

  95.   </ol>
    96. 

  96.   <li>Complex floating point operations may not work the same as
    97. 

  97. DMD.</li>
    98. 

  98.   <li>Some math functions behave differently due to different
    99. 

  99. implementations of the extended floating-point type.</li>
    100. 

  100.   <li>Volatile statements may not always do the right thing.</li>
    101. 

  101.   <li>Because of <a href="http://groups-beta.google.com/groups?hl=en&amp;q=%22large+executables+on+AIX%22&amp;qt_s=Search">a
    102. 

  102. problem on AIX</a>, the linker will pull in more modules than
    103. 

  103. needed.<br>
    104. 

  104.   </li>
    105. 

  105.   <li>Some C libraries (Cygwin, MinGW, AIX) don't handle
    106. 

  106. floating-point
    107. 

  107. formatting and parsing in a standard way.<br>
    108. 

  108.   </li>
    109. 

  109. </ul>
    110. 

  110. <h4>Known Differences from DMD</h4>
    111. 

  111. <ul>
    112. 

  112.   <li>The type of <span style="font-family: monospace;">_argptr</span>
    113. 

  113. in variadic functions is the target-specific <span style="font-family: monospace;">va_list</span>
    114. 

  114. type.&nbsp; The only
    115. 

  115. portable way
    116. 

  116. to use <span style="font-family: monospace;">_argptr</span>
    117. 

  117. is the <span style="font-family: monospace;">std.stdarg.va_arg</span>
    118. 

  118. template.&nbsp; In particular, you cannot construct a <span style="font-family: monospace;">va_list</span> from a
    119. 

  119. pointer to data
    120. 

  120. an expect it to work.<br>
    121. 

  121.   </li>
    122. 

  122.   <li>In assembler code, direct access to parameters in naked
    123. 

  123. functions
    124. 

  124. works differently.&nbsp; Frame relative addressing through <span style="font-family: monospace;">[ESP+4]</span> does
    125. 

  125. work the same way.<br>
    126. 

  126.   </li>
    127. 

  127.   <li>Currently, GDC uses the C calling convention for all
    128. 

  128. functions
    129. 

  129. except those declared <span style="font-family: monospace;">extern
    130. 

  130. (Windows)</span>.</li>
    131. 

  131.   <li>GDC allows <span style="font-family: monospace;">catch</span> statements in <span style="font-family: monospace;">finally</span>
    132. 

  132. blocks.</li>
    133. 

  133.   <li><span style="font-family: monospace;">pragma(lib)</span>
    134. 

  134. is not
    135. 

  135. supported.</li>
    136. 

  136.   <li>Some targets do not have a distinct extended floating-point
    137. 

  137. type.&nbsp; On these targets, <span style="font-family: monospace;">real</span>
    138. 

  138. and <span style="font-family: monospace;">double</span>
    139. 

  139. are the same
    140. 

  140. size.</li>
    141. 

  141.   <li>On Win32, GDC allocates 12 bytes for the <span style="font-family: monospace;">real</span> type,
    142. 

  142. while DMD allocates
    143. 

  143. 10 bytes. This also applies to the components of the <span style="font-family: monospace;">creal</span> type.<br>
    144. 

  144.   </li>
    145. 

  145. </ul>
    146. 

  146. 

  147. <h4>Inline Assembler Notes</h4>
    148. 

  148. <ul>
    149. 

  149.   <li>Getting GCC to respect the "naked" attribute is
    150. 

  150. difficult.&nbsp;
    151. 

  151. It is recommended that you use only assembler statements in a naked
    152. 

  152. function. &nbsp;When generating position-independent code, accessing global symbols in a naked function will result in an error.</li>
    153. 

  153.   <li>Jumps from assembler statements will not run cleanups (auto
    154. 

  154. and
    155. 

  155. finally)</li>
    156. 

  156. </ul>
    157. 

  157. 

  158. <h3>Usage</h3>
    159. 

  159. 

  160. <h4>Invoking gdc and gdmd</h4>
    161. 

  161. The compiler driver is named 'gdc' and accepts the standard GCC
    162. 

  162. options.&nbsp; There is also a script named 'gdmd' which has the
    163. 

  163. same
    164. 

  164. interface as the Digital Mars dmd.<br>
    165. 

  165. <br>
    166. 

  166. The mapping from DMD options to GCC is as follows:<br>
    167. 

  167. <table style="text-align: left; width: 50%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
    168. 

  168.   <tbody>
    169. 

  169.     <tr>
    170. 

  170.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-c<br>
    171. 

  171.       </td>
    172. 

  172.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-c<br>
    173. 

  173.       </td>
    174. 

  174.     </tr>
    175. 

  175. 

  176.     <tr>
    177. 

  177.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-D<br>
    178. 

  178.       </td>
    179. 

  179.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdoc<br>
    180. 

  180.       </td>
    181. 

  181.     </tr>
    182. 

  182. 

  183.     <tr>
    184. 

  184.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Dd&lt;docdir&gt;<br>
    185. 

  185.       </td>
    186. 

  186.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdoc-dir=&lt;docdir&gt;<br>
    187. 

  187.       </td>
    188. 

  188.     </tr>
    189. 

  189. 

  190.     <tr>
    191. 

  191.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Df&lt;filename&gt;<br>
    192. 

  192.       </td>
    193. 

  193.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdoc-file=&lt;filename&gt;<br>
    194. 

  194.       </td>
    195. 

  195.     </tr>
    196. 

  196. 

  197.     <tr>
    198. 

  198.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-d</td>
    199. 

  199.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdeprecated</td>
    200. 

  200.     </tr>
    201. 

  201. 

  202.     <tr>
    203. 

  203.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-debug[=&lt;arg&gt;]<br>
    204. 

  204.       </td>
    205. 

  205.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdebug[=&lt;arg&gt;]<br>
    206. 

  206.       </td>
    207. 

  207.     </tr>
    208. 

  208.     
    209. 

  209.     <tr>
    210. 

  210.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-deps=&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    211. 

  211.       </td>
    212. 

  212.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdeps=&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    213. 

  213.       </td>
    214. 

  214.     </tr>
    215. 

  215. 

  216.     <tr>
    217. 

  217.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-g<br>
    218. 

  218.       </td>
    219. 

  219.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-g<br>
    220. 

  220.       </td>
    221. 

  221.     </tr>
    222. 

  222. 

  223.     <tr>
    224. 

  224.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-inline<br>
    225. 

  225.       </td>
    226. 

  226.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-finline-functions<br>
    227. 

  227.       </td>
    228. 

  228.     </tr>
    229. 

  229. 

  230.     <tr>
    231. 

  231.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-I&lt;path&gt;<br>
    232. 

  232.       </td>
    233. 

  233.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-I
    234. 

  234. &lt;path&gt;<br>
    235. 

  235.       </td>
    236. 

  236.     </tr>
    237. 

  237.     
    238. 

  238.     <tr>
    239. 

  239.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-J&lt;path&gt;<br>
    240. 

  240.       </td>
    241. 

  241.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-J&lt;path&gt;<br>
    242. 

  242.       </td>
    243. 

  243.     </tr>
    244. 

  244. 

  245.     <tr>
    246. 

  246.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-L&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    247. 

  247.       </td>
    248. 

  248.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Wl,&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    249. 

  249.       </td>
    250. 

  250.     </tr>
    251. 

  251. 

  252.     <tr>
    253. 

  253.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-O<br>
    254. 

  254.       </td>
    255. 

  255.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-O3 without
    256. 

  256. inlining (may not be
    257. 

  257. equivalent)<br>
    258. 

  258.       </td>
    259. 

  259.     </tr>
    260. 

  260. 

  261.     <tr>
    262. 

  262.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-o-<br>
    263. 

  263.       </td>
    264. 

  264.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fsyntax-only<br>
    265. 

  265.       </td>
    266. 

  266.     </tr>
    267. 

  267. 

  268.     <tr>
    269. 

  269.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-od&lt;dir&gt;<br>
    270. 

  270.       </td>
    271. 

  271.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">no equivalent; use the wrapper script<br>
    272. 

  272.       </td>
    273. 

  273.     </tr>
    274. 

  274. 

  275.     <tr>
    276. 

  276.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-of&lt;file&gt;</td>
    277. 

  277.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-o
    278. 

  278. &lt;file&gt;<br>
    279. 

  279.       </td>
    280. 

  280.     </tr>
    281. 

  281. 

  282.     <tr>
    283. 

  283.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-op&lt;dir&gt;<br>
    284. 

  284.       </td>
    285. 

  285.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">no equivalent; use the wrapper script<br>
    286. 

  286.       </td>
    287. 

  287.     </tr>
    288. 

  288. 

  289.     <tr>
    290. 

  290.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-profile<br>
    291. 

  291.       </td>
    292. 

  292.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">(see the GCC manual for profiling options)</td>
    293. 

  293.     </tr>
    294. 

  294. 

  295.     <tr>
    296. 

  296.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-quiet<br>
    297. 

  297.       </td>
    298. 

  298.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">no equivalent<br>
    299. 

  299.       </td>
    300. 

  300.     </tr>
    301. 

  301. 

  302.     <tr>
    303. 

  303.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-release<br>
    304. 

  304.       </td>
    305. 

  305.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-frelease<br>
    306. 

  306.       </td>
    307. 

  307.     </tr>
    308. 

  308. 

  309.     <tr>
    310. 

  310.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-run<br>
    311. 

  311.       </td>
    312. 

  312.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">no equivalent; use the wrapper script</td>
    313. 

  313.     </tr>
    314. 

  314. 

  315.     <tr>
    316. 

  316.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-unittest<br>
    317. 

  317.       </td>
    318. 

  318.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-funittest<br>
    319. 

  319.       </td>
    320. 

  320.     </tr>
    321. 

  321. 

  322.     <tr>
    323. 

  323.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-version=&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    324. 

  324.       </td>
    325. 

  325.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fversion=&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    326. 

  326.       </td>
    327. 

  327.     </tr>
    328. 

  328.     
    329. 

  329.     <tr>
    330. 

  330.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-w<br>
    331. 

  331.       </td>
    332. 

  332.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Werror<br>
    333. 

  333.       </td>
    334. 

  334.     </tr>
    335. 

  335. 

  336.     <tr>
    337. 

  337.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-wi<br>
    338. 

  338.       </td>
    339. 

  339.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Wall<br>
    340. 

  340.       </td>
    341. 

  341.     </tr>
    342. 

  342.     
    343. 

  343.     <tr>
    344. 

  344.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-X<br>
    345. 

  345.       </td>
    346. 

  346.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">no equivalent; use the wrapper script<br>
    347. 

  347.       </td>
    348. 

  348.     </tr>
    349. 

  349.     
    350. 

  350.     <tr>
    351. 

  351.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-Xf&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    352. 

  352.       </td>
    353. 

  353.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fXf=&lt;arg&gt;<br>
    354. 

  354.       </td>
    355. 

  355.     </tr>
    356. 

  356. 

  357.     <tr>
    358. 

  358.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">&lt;.ddoc file&gt;<br>
    359. 

  359.       </td>
    360. 

  360.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdoc-inc=&lt;.ddoc file&gt;<br>
    361. 

  361.       </td>
    362. 

  362.     </tr>
    363. 

  363.   </tbody>
    364. 

  364. 

  365. </table>
    366. 

  366. 

  367. <br>
    368. 

  368. 

  369. Other options:<br>
    370. 

  370. 

  371. <table style="text-align: left; width: 75%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
    372. 

  372. 

  373.   <tbody>
    374. 

  374.     <tr>
    375. 

  375.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-f[no-]bounds-check<br>
    376. 

  376.       </td>
    377. 

  377.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">Controls array
    378. 

  378. bounds checking<br>
    379. 

  379.       </td>
    380. 

  380.     </tr>
    381. 

  381. 

  382.     <tr>
    383. 

  383.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-femit-templates[=normal|private|all|none|auto]<br>
    384. 

  384. -f[no-]emit-templates<br>
    385. 

  385.       </td>
    386. 

  386.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">Controls whether or
    387. 

  387. not template
    388. 

  388. code is emitted.<br>
    389. 

  389.       <br>
    390. 

  390. 

  391. "normal" -- Emit templates, expecting multiple copies to be merged by
    392. 

  392. the
    393. 

  393. linker.<br>
    394. 

  394. 

  395. "private" -- Emit templates, but make them private to the translation
    396. 

  396. unit.&nbsp; The executable will have multiple copies of code and
    397. 

  397. data.<br>
    398. 

  398. 

  399. "all" -- Emit all template instances with public visibility.&nbsp;
    400. 

  400. Do
    401. 

  401. this even if they would not normally be emitted.<br>
    402. 

  402. 

  403. "none" -- Do not emit templates at all.<br>
    404. 

  404. 

  405. "auto" -- For targets that support templates, the "full" mode is
    406. 

  406. used.&nbsp; Otherwise, the "private" mode is used.<br>
    407. 

  407. 

  408.       <br>
    409. 

  409. 

  410. "none" and -fno-emit-templates are synonyms.<br>
    411. 

  411. 

  412. "auto" and -femit-templates are synonyms.<br>
    413. 

  413. 

  414.       </td>
    415. 

  415.     </tr>
    416. 

  416. 

  417.     <tr>
    418. 

  418.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fall-sources<br>
    419. 

  419.       </td>
    420. 

  420.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">For each source file on the
    421. 

  421. command line, semantically process each file preceding it.&nbsp;
    422. 

  422. Use this if compilation errors occur due to complicated circular module
    423. 

  423. references.&nbsp; This will slow compilation noticeably.<br>
    424. 

  424.       </td>
    425. 

  425.     </tr>
    426. 

  426. 

  427.     <tr>
    428. 

  428.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">-fdump-source<br>
    429. 

  429.       </td>
    430. 

  430.       <td style="vertical-align: top;">Dump decoded UTF-8 text and
    431. 

  431. source from HTML to &lt;source&gt;.utf-8 and
    432. 

  432. &lt;source&gt;.d.utf-8.<br>
    433. 

  433.       </td>
    434. 

  434.     </tr>
    435. 

  435.   </tbody>
    436. 

  436. 

  437. </table>
    438. 

  438. 

  439. <h4>Extensions</h4>
    440. 

  440. 

  441. <h5>Extended Assembler</h5>
    442. 

  442. GDC implements a GCC extension that allows inline assembler with D
    443. 

  443. expression operands. &nbsp;It is available on nearly all targets, not
    444. 

  444. just i386. &nbsp;The syntax differs from the C language extension in
    445. 

  445. the follow ways.
    446. 

  446. <ul>
    447. 

  447.   <li>Statements start with '<span style="font-family: monospace;">asm { ...</span>', just like the regular DMD inline assembler.</li>
    448. 

  448.   <li>It is not necesary to put parentheses around operands.</li>
    449. 

  449.   <li>Instruction templates can be compile-time string constants, not
    450. 

  450. just string literals. &nbsp;If the template is not a string literal,
    451. 

  451. use parenthesis to indicate that it is not an opcode.</li>
    452. 

  452. </ul>
    453. 

  453. Unlike i386 inline assembler statements, extended assembler statements do not prevent a function from being inlined.<br>
    454. 

  454. <br>
    455. 

  455. See the GCC manual for more information about this extension.<br>
    456. 

  456. <br>
    457. 

  457. Example:<br>
    458. 

  458. 

  459. <br>
    460. 

  460. <div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;">uint invert(uint v)</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    461. 

  461. <span style="font-family: monospace;">{</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    462. 

  462. <span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; uint result;</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    463. 

  463. <span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; version(X86)</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    464. 

  464. <span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;asm{ "notl %[iov]" : [iov] "=r" result : "0" v; }</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    465. 

  465. <span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; else version(PPC)</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    466. 

  466. <span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;asm{ "nor %[oresult],%[iv],%[iv]" : [oresult] "=r" result : [iv] "r" v; }</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    467. 

  467. <span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return result;</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    468. 

  468. <span style="font-family: monospace;">}</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    469. 

  469. </div>
    470. 

  470. 

  471. <h5>Declaration and Type Attributes</h5>
    472. 

  472. (This extension is a work in progress.)<br>
    473. 

  473. 

  474. <br>
    475. 

  475. GDC implements the GCC <span style="font-family: monospace;">__attribute__</span> extension with two pragmas:<br>
    476. 

  476. <br>
    477. 

  477. <span style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">pragma</span>(<span style="font-weight: bold;">attribute</span>,<span style="font-style: italic;"> name1</span>(<span style="font-style: italic;">arg1</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">arg2</span>, ...), ...) <span style="font-style: italic;">declarations</span>...</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
    478. 

  478. <br>
    479. 

  479. <span style="font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">pragma</span>(<span style="font-weight: bold;">set_attribute</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">symbol</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">name1</span>(<span style="font-style: italic;">arg1</span>, <span style="font-style: italic;">arg2</span>...), ...);</span><br>
    480. 

  480. <br>
    481. 

  481. The deprecated form of these pragmas are <span style="font-family: monospace;">GNU_attribute</span>
    482. 

  482. and <span style="font-family: monospace;">GNU_set_attribute</span> respectively.<br>
    483. 

  483. <br>
    484. 

  484. If an attribute has no arguments, the argument list may be omitted.<br>
    485. 

  485. <br>
    486. 

  486. The first form applies to declarations directly contained in the
    487. 

  487. pragma. &nbsp;The second form affects the given symbol. &nbsp;See the
    488. 

  488. GCC manual for a list of attributes that can be set. &nbsp;Not all
    489. 

  489. attributes are supported yet by GDC. &nbsp;Also, the interaction
    490. 

  490. between these extended attributes and D languge attributes (alignment,
    491. 

  491. for example) is not well defined.
    492. 

  492. 

  493. <h3>Changes</h3>
    494. 

  494. 

  495. <a name="0.30"></a>0.30:
    496. 

  496. <ul>
    497. 

  497.   <li>Support for GCC, 4.5.x and 4.6.x added</li>
    498. 

  498.   <li>Removed support for GCC 3.4.x, 4.0.x, 4.1.x</li>
    499. 

  499.   <li>Updated D1 to 1.069</li>
    500. 

  500.   <li>Updated D2 to 2.054</li>
    501. 

  501.   <li>Better D2 support for MinGW</li>
    502. 

  502.   <li>Added 'optlink' calling convention for D</li>
    503. 

  503.   <li>Added 64bit support for IASM (Work in Progress)</li>
    504. 

  504.   <li>Moved correct implementation of delegates from GCC backend</li>
    505. 

  505.     to GDC frontend glue code</li>
    506. 

  506.   <li>Fixed Bugzilla 670, 4494, 4543, 5086, 5090, 5148, 5182,</li>
    507. 

  507.     5191, 5439, 5735, 5812</li>
    508. 

  508.   <li>As always, my dear reader, fixes to many other bugs.</li>
    509. 

  509. </ul>
    510. 

  510. 

  511. <a name="0.25"></a>0.25:
    512. 

  512. <ul>
    513. 

  513.   <li>Support for GCC, 4.2.x, 4.3.x, and 4.4.x added</li>
    514. 

  514.   <li>Updated D1 to 1.063</li>
    515. 

  515.   <li>Updated D2 to 2.020</li>
    516. 

  516.   <li>Added druntime support</li>
    517. 

  517.   <li>Fixed Bugzilla 1041, 1044, 1136, 1145, 1296, 1669, 1689,</li>
    518. 

  518.     1751, 1813, 1822, 1921, 1930, 2079, 2102, 2291, 2421</li>
    519. 

  519.   <li>Fixed Bitbucket issues too numerous to mention. :-)</li>
    520. 

  520. </ul>
    521. 

  521. 

  522. <a name="0.24"></a>0.24:
    523. 

  523. <ul>
    524. 

  524.   <li>Removed support for GCC 3.3.x</li>
    525. 

  525.   <li>Updated to DMD 1.020</li>
    526. 

  526.   <li>Fixed Bugzilla 1037, 1038 (gdc specific), 1043, 1045, 1046,</li>
    527. 

  527.     1031, 1032, 1034, 1065, 1109, 1191, 1137, 1152, 1208, 1325,</li>
    528. 

  528.     1329, 1898, 1400</li>
    529. 

  529.   <li>Fixed SourceForge issues 1689634, 1749622, 1721496, 1721435</li>
    530. 

  530. </ul>
    531. 

  531. 

  532. <a name="0.23"></a>0.23:
    533. 

  533. <ul>
    534. 

  534.   <li>Added support for 64-bit targets</li>
    535. 

  535.   <li>Added multilib support</li>
    536. 

  536.   <li>Updated to DMD 1.007</li>
    537. 

  537.   <li>Fixed Bugzilla 984, 1013</li>
    538. 

  538. </ul>
    539. 

  539. 

  540. <a name="0.22"></a>0.22:
    541. 

  541. <ul>
    542. 

  542.   <li>Added support for GCC 4.1.x</li>
    543. 

  543.   <li>Support for GCC 3.3.x is deprecated</li>
    544. 

  544.   <li>Updated to DMD 1.004</li>
    545. 

  545.   <li>Fixed Bugzilla 836, 837, 838, 839, 841, 843, 844, 889, 896</li>
    546. 

  546.   <li>Fixed problems with missing debug information</li>
    547. 

  547.   <li>Added Rick Mann's -frameowrk patch for gdmd</li>
    548. 

  548. </ul>
    549. 

  549. 

  550. <a name="0.21"></a>0.21:
    551. 

  551. <ul>
    552. 

  552.   <li>Updated to DMD 1.00</li>
    553. 

  553.   <li>Fixed Bugzilla 695, 696, 737, 738, 739, 742, 743, 745</li>
    554. 

  554.   <li>Implemented GCC extended assembler</li>
    555. 

  555.   <li>Implemented basic support for GCC attributes</li>
    556. 

  556. </ul>
    557. 

  557. 

  558. <a name="0.20"></a>0.20:
    559. 

  559. <ul>
    560. 

  560.   <li>Updated to DMD 0.177</li>
    561. 

  561.   <li>Fixes for synchronized code generation</li>
    562. 

  562.   <li>Better support for cross-hosted builds</li>
    563. 

  563.   <li>Fixed Bugzilla 307, 375, 403, 575, 578</li>
    564. 

  564.   <li>Applied Anders Bj&ouml;rklund's MacOS X build patches</li>
    565. 

  565. </ul>
    566. 

  566. 

  567. <a name="0.19"></a>0.19:
    568. 

  568. <ul>
    569. 

  569.   <li>Fixed D Bugzilla bugs 141(gdc), 157, 162, 164, 171, 174,
    570. 

  570. 175, 192, 229</li>
    571. 

  571.   <li>Applied Dave Fladebo's suggestion for -O3 in gdmd</li>
    572. 

  572.   <li>Updated to DMD 0.162</li>
    573. 

  573.   <li>The version symbol for FreeBSD is now "freebsd"</li>
    574. 

  574.   <li>Enabled std.loader for FreeBSD</li>
    575. 

  575.   <li>Implement offsetof in assembler</li>
    576. 

  576.   <li>Support building with Apple's GCC (4.0 only)</li>
    577. 

  577.   <li>Fix parallel builds</li>
    578. 

  578. </ul>
    579. 

  579. 

  580. <a name="0.18"></a>0.18:<br>
    581. 

  581. <ul>
    582. 

  582.   <li>Fixes</li>
    583. 

  583. 

  584.   <ul>
    585. 

  585.     <li>ICE on assignment arithmetic</li>
    586. 

  586.     <li>Problems mixing D and assembler floating point operations</li>
    587. 

  587.     <li>Mac OS X 10.2 build problems</li>
    588. 

  588.     <li>The gdc driver no longer compiles C source as C++.<br>
    589. 

  589.     </li>
    590. 

  590.     <li>Many others...</li>
    591. 

  591.   </ul>
    592. 

  592. 

  593.   <li>Improvements</li>
    594. 

  594.   <ul>
    595. 

  595.     <li>Updated to DMD 0.157.</li>
    596. 

  596.     <li>Added support for PowerPC Linux.<br>
    597. 

  597.     </li>
    598. 

  598.     <li>Added partial support for SkyOS.</li>
    599. 

  599.     <li>Compiler can be relocated to another directory.<br>
    600. 

  600.     </li>
    601. 

  601.   </ul>
    602. 

  602. </ul>
    603. 

  603. 

  604. <a name="0.17"></a>0.17:<br>
    605. 

  605. <ul>
    606. 

  606.   <li>Fixes</li>
    607. 

  607. 

  608.   <ul>
    609. 

  609.     <li>Mixed complex/float operations on GCC 4.0 (<a href="http://www.digitalmars.com/drn-bin/wwwnews?D.gnu/1485">D.gnu/1485</a>)</li>
    610. 

  610.     <li>Applied Thomas Kuhne's HTML line number fix</li>
    611. 

  611.     <li>Foreach/nested functions in templates (<a href="http://www.digitalmars.com/drn-bin/wwwnews?D.gnu/1514">D.gnu/1514</a>)</li>
    612. 

  612.     <li>Use correct default initializer when allocating arrays of
    613. 

  613. typedef'd types</li>
    614. 

  614.     <li>Recursive calls to nested functions (<a href="http://www.digitalmars.com/drn-bin/wwwnews?D.gnu/1525">D.gnu/1525</a>)</li>
    615. 

  615.   </ul>
    616. 

  616. 

  617.   <li>Improvements</li>
    618. 

  618.   <ul>
    619. 

  619.     <li>Updated to DMD 0.140<br>
    620. 

  620.     </li>
    621. 

  621.   </ul>
    622. 

  622. </ul>
    623. 

  623. 

  624. <a name="0.16"></a>0.16:<br>
    625. 

  625. <ul>
    626. 

  626.   <li>Fixes</li>
    627. 

  627. 

  628.   <ul>
    629. 

  629.     <li>Concatenating a array and single element</li>
    630. 

  630.     <li>"__arrayArg already defined"</li>
    631. 

  631.     <li>ICE on nested foreach statements (<a href="http://www.digitalmars.com/drn-bin/wwwnews?D.gnu/1393">D.gnu/1393</a>)</li>
    632. 

  632.     <li>Inline assembler</li>
    633. 

  633. 

  634.     <ul>
    635. 

  635.       <li>Functions returning floating point types</li>
    636. 

  636.     </ul>
    637. 

  637. 

  638.     <ul>
    639. 

  639.       <li>Spurious error on scaled register without a base
    640. 

  640. register</li>
    641. 

  641.       <li>Access to locals by var+ofs[EBP] now works with
    642. 

  642. optimization.</li>
    643. 

  643.       <li>Can now guess operand size from referenced variables.</li>
    644. 

  644.     </ul>
    645. 

  645. 

  646.     <li>Thunks errors with reimplemented interfaces (e.g., Mango)<br>
    647. 

  647.     </li>
    648. 

  648. 

  649.   </ul>
    650. 

  650. 

  651.   <li>Improvements</li>
    652. 

  652.   <ul>
    653. 

  653.     <li>Support GCC 4.0.x</li>
    654. 

  654.     <li>Updated to DMD 0.137</li>
    655. 

  655.     <li>Support DW_LANG_D for DWARF debugging</li>
    656. 

  656.     <li>Support compiling multiple sources to a single object with GCC 3.4.x.<br>
    657. 

  657.     </li>
    658. 

  658.   </ul>
    659. 

  659. 

  660. </ul>
    661. 

  661. <br>
    662. 

  662. 

  663. <a name="0.15"></a>0.15:<br>
    664. 

  664. <div style="margin-left: 40px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
    665. 

  665. Updated to DMD 0.128<br>
    666. 

  666. </div>
    667. 

  667. <br>
    668. 

  668. 

  669. <a name="0.14"></a>0.14:<br>
    670. 

  670. <ul>
    671. 

  671.   <li>Fixes</li>
    672. 

  672. 

  673.   <ul>
    674. 

  674.     <li>Classes nested in functions actually work now.</li>
    675. 

  675.     <li>Fix for newest versions of the GNU assembler.<br>
    676. 

  676.     </li>
    677. 

  677.   </ul>
    678. 

  678. 

  679.   <li>Improvements</li>
    680. 

  680.   <ul>
    681. 

  681.     <li>Updated to DMD 0.127<br>
    682. 

  682.     </li>
    683. 

  683.   </ul>
    684. 

  684. 

  685. </ul>
    686. 

  686. <br>
    687. 

  687. 

  688. <a name="0.13"></a>0.13:<br>
    689. 

  689. <ul>
    690. 

  690.   <li>Fixes</li>
    691. 

  691. 

  692.   <ul>
    693. 

  693.     <li>Cygwin/MinGW assembler problem</li>
    694. 

  694.   </ul>
    695. 

  695. 

  696.   <li>Improvements</li>
    697. 

  697.   <ul>
    698. 

  698.     <li>Updated to DMD 0.126.</li>
    699. 

  699.     <li>Calling nested functions with delegates is faster.</li>
    700. 

  700.     <li>The "check-target-libphobos" uses unit tests and runtime
    701. 

  701. checks.<br>
    702. 

  702.     </li>
    703. 

  703.   </ul>
    704. 

  704. 

  705. </ul>
    706. 

  706. 

  707. <a name="0.12.1"></a>0.12.1:<br>
    708. 

  708. <ul>
    709. 

  709.   <li>Fixes</li>
    710. 

  710. 

  711.   <ul>
    712. 

  712.     <li>Compilation errors and crashes with -fpic</li>
    713. 

  713.     <li>Crashes with interfaces on Cygwin/MinGW</li>
    714. 

  714.     <li>Support the -mno-cygwin option<br>
    715. 

  715.     </li>
    716. 

  716.   </ul>
    717. 

  717. 

  718. </ul>
    719. 

  719. 

  720. <a name="0.12"></a>0.12:<br>
    721. 

  721. <ul>
    722. 

  722.   <li>Fixes</li>
    723. 

  723. 

  724.   <ul>
    725. 

  725.     <li>Various problems building MinGW in MSYS</li>
    726. 

  726.     <li>Mango "endless output"</li>
    727. 

  727.     <li>Build problems with gcc 3.4.1</li>
    728. 

  728.     <li>Various problems revealed by dmdscript<br>
    729. 

  729.     </li>
    730. 

  730.     <li>Error message now go to standard error</li>
    731. 

  731.     <li>DStress catch_01, catch_02, new_04, switch_19, throw_02, and others.</li>
    732. 

  732.   </ul>
    733. 

  733. 

  734.   <li>Improvements</li>
    735. 

  735. 

  736.   <ul>
    737. 

  737.     <li>Updated to DMD 0.125</li>
    738. 

  738.     <li>New target: AIX</li>
    739. 

  739.     <li>GDC and DMD versions are reported with "gcc --version"</li>
    740. 

  740.     <li>Take advantage of DMD template improvements on<br>
    741. 

  741.     </li>
    742. 

  742.   </ul>
    743. 

  743. 

  744.   <li>Changes</li>
    745. 

  745. 

  746.   <ul>
    747. 

  747.     <li>std.c.unix is now std.c.unix.unix</li>
    748. 

  748.     <li>The runtime library is now "libgphobos" to avoid conflicts with DMD.</li>
    749. 

  749.     <li>The dmd wrapper script...</li>
    750. 

  750. 

  751.     <ul>
    752. 

  752.       <li>Is now named "gdmd".</li>
    753. 

  753.       <li>Looks for gdc in its own directory instead of searching the path</li>
    754. 

  754.       <li>Requires a comma after the "-q" option.<br>
    755. 

  755.       </li>
    756. 

  756.     </ul>
    757. 

  757.   </ul>
    758. 

  758. 

  759. </ul>
    760. 

  760. 

  761. <a name="0.11"></a>0.11:<br>
    762. 

  762. <ul>
    763. 

  763.   <li>Fixes</li>
    764. 

  764. 

  765.   <ul>
    766. 

  766.     <li>Reversed structure compare</li>
    767. 

  767.     <li>Correct meaning of '-L' option in wrapper script</li>
    768. 

  768.     <li>Static data GC bug on Linux</li>
    769. 

  769.   </ul>
    770. 

  770. 

  771.   <li>Improvements</li>
    772. 

  772.   <ul>
    773. 

  773.     <li>Updated to DMD 0.121</li>
    774. 

  774.     <li>New target: MingGW</li>
    775. 

  775.     <li>Included Anders F Bj&ouml;rklund's man pages.<br>
    776. 

  776.     </li>
    777. 

  777.     <li>It is now possible to build a cross-compiler.&nbsp;
    778. 

  778. Only MingGW is supported out-of-the-box, however.</li>
    779. 

  779.   </ul>
    780. 

  780. 

  781. </ul>
    782. 

  782. 

  783. <h3>License</h3>
    784. 

  784. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify<br>
    785. 

  785. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by<br>
    786. 

  786. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or<br>
    787. 

  787. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (at your option) any later version.<br>
    788. 

  788. <br>
    789. 

  789. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,<br>
    790. 

  790. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of<br>
    791. 

  791. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.&nbsp; See the<br>
    792. 

  792. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; GNU General Public License for more details.<br>
    793. 

  793. <br>
    794. 

  794. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License<br>
    795. 

  795. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software<br>
    796. 

  796. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA&nbsp; 02111-1307&nbsp; USA<br>
    797. 

  797. 

  798. </body>
    799. 

  799. </html>
    800. 

  800.