/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * copyfuncs.c
 *	  Copy functions for Postgres tree nodes.
 *
 * NOTE: we currently support copying all node types found in parse and
 * plan trees.  We do not support copying executor state trees; there
 * is no need for that, and no point in maintaining all the code that
 * would be needed.  We also do not support copying Path trees, mainly
 * because the circular linkages between RelOptInfo and Path nodes can't
 * be handled easily in a simple depth-first traversal.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2014, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/plannodes.h"
#include "nodes/relation.h"
#include "utils/datum.h"


/*
 * Macros to simplify copying of different kinds of fields.  Use these
 * wherever possible to reduce the chance for silly typos.  Note that these
 * hard-wire the convention that the local variables in a Copy routine are
 * named 'newnode' and 'from'.
 */

/* Copy a simple scalar field (int, float, bool, enum, etc) */
#define COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fldname) \
	(newnode->fldname = from->fldname)

/* Copy a field that is a pointer to some kind of Node or Node tree */
#define COPY_NODE_FIELD(fldname) \
	(newnode->fldname = copyObject(from->fldname))

/* Copy a field that is a pointer to a Bitmapset */
#define COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(fldname) \
	(newnode->fldname = bms_copy(from->fldname))

/* Copy a field that is a pointer to a C string, or perhaps NULL */
#define COPY_STRING_FIELD(fldname) \
	(newnode->fldname = from->fldname ? pstrdup(from->fldname) : (char *) NULL)

/* Copy a field that is a pointer to a simple palloc'd object of size sz */
#define COPY_POINTER_FIELD(fldname, sz) \
	do { \
		Size	_size = (sz); \
		newnode->fldname = palloc(_size); \
		memcpy(newnode->fldname, from->fldname, _size); \
	} while (0)

/* Copy a parse location field (for Copy, this is same as scalar case) */
#define COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(fldname) \
	(newnode->fldname = from->fldname)


/* ****************************************************************
 *					 plannodes.h copy functions
 * ****************************************************************
 */

/*
 * _copyPlannedStmt
 */
static PlannedStmt *
_copyPlannedStmt(const PlannedStmt *from)
{
	PlannedStmt *newnode = makeNode(PlannedStmt);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(commandType);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(queryId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasReturning);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasModifyingCTE);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(canSetTag);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(transientPlan);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(planTree);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rtable);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(resultRelations);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(utilityStmt);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(subplans);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(rewindPlanIDs);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(relationOids);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(invalItems);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(nParamExec);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * CopyPlanFields
 *
 *		This function copies the fields of the Plan node.  It is used by
 *		all the copy functions for classes which inherit from Plan.
 */
static void
CopyPlanFields(const Plan *from, Plan *newnode)
{
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(startup_cost);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(total_cost);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(plan_rows);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(plan_width);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(targetlist);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(qual);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(lefttree);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(righttree);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(initPlan);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(extParam);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(allParam);
}

/*
 * _copyPlan
 */
static Plan *
_copyPlan(const Plan *from)
{
	Plan	   *newnode = makeNode(Plan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields(from, newnode);

	return newnode;
}


/*
 * _copyResult
 */
static Result *
_copyResult(const Result *from)
{
	Result	   *newnode = makeNode(Result);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(resconstantqual);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyModifyTable
 */
static ModifyTable *
_copyModifyTable(const ModifyTable *from)
{
	ModifyTable *newnode = makeNode(ModifyTable);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(operation);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(canSetTag);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(resultRelations);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resultRelIndex);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(plans);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(withCheckOptionLists);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(returningLists);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fdwPrivLists);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(epqParam);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyAppend
 */
static Append *
_copyAppend(const Append *from)
{
	Append	   *newnode = makeNode(Append);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(appendplans);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyMergeAppend
 */
static MergeAppend *
_copyMergeAppend(const MergeAppend *from)
{
	MergeAppend *newnode = makeNode(MergeAppend);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeplans);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numCols);
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(sortColIdx, from->numCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(sortOperators, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(collations, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(nullsFirst, from->numCols * sizeof(bool));

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyRecursiveUnion
 */
static RecursiveUnion *
_copyRecursiveUnion(const RecursiveUnion *from)
{
	RecursiveUnion *newnode = makeNode(RecursiveUnion);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(wtParam);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numCols);
	if (from->numCols > 0)
	{
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(dupColIdx, from->numCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(dupOperators, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));
	}
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numGroups);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyBitmapAnd
 */
static BitmapAnd *
_copyBitmapAnd(const BitmapAnd *from)
{
	BitmapAnd  *newnode = makeNode(BitmapAnd);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(bitmapplans);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyBitmapOr
 */
static BitmapOr *
_copyBitmapOr(const BitmapOr *from)
{
	BitmapOr   *newnode = makeNode(BitmapOr);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(bitmapplans);

	return newnode;
}


/*
 * CopyScanFields
 *
 *		This function copies the fields of the Scan node.  It is used by
 *		all the copy functions for classes which inherit from Scan.
 */
static void
CopyScanFields(const Scan *from, Scan *newnode)
{
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(scanrelid);
}

/*
 * _copyScan
 */
static Scan *
_copyScan(const Scan *from)
{
	Scan	   *newnode = makeNode(Scan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copySeqScan
 */
static SeqScan *
_copySeqScan(const SeqScan *from)
{
	SeqScan    *newnode = makeNode(SeqScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyIndexScan
 */
static IndexScan *
_copyIndexScan(const IndexScan *from)
{
	IndexScan  *newnode = makeNode(IndexScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(indexid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexqual);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexqualorig);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexorderby);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexorderbyorig);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(indexorderdir);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyIndexOnlyScan
 */
static IndexOnlyScan *
_copyIndexOnlyScan(const IndexOnlyScan *from)
{
	IndexOnlyScan *newnode = makeNode(IndexOnlyScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(indexid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexqual);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexorderby);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indextlist);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(indexorderdir);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyBitmapIndexScan
 */
static BitmapIndexScan *
_copyBitmapIndexScan(const BitmapIndexScan *from)
{
	BitmapIndexScan *newnode = makeNode(BitmapIndexScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(indexid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexqual);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indexqualorig);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyBitmapHeapScan
 */
static BitmapHeapScan *
_copyBitmapHeapScan(const BitmapHeapScan *from)
{
	BitmapHeapScan *newnode = makeNode(BitmapHeapScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(bitmapqualorig);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyTidScan
 */
static TidScan *
_copyTidScan(const TidScan *from)
{
	TidScan    *newnode = makeNode(TidScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(tidquals);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copySubqueryScan
 */
static SubqueryScan *
_copySubqueryScan(const SubqueryScan *from)
{
	SubqueryScan *newnode = makeNode(SubqueryScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(subplan);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyFunctionScan
 */
static FunctionScan *
_copyFunctionScan(const FunctionScan *from)
{
	FunctionScan *newnode = makeNode(FunctionScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(functions);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funcordinality);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyValuesScan
 */
static ValuesScan *
_copyValuesScan(const ValuesScan *from)
{
	ValuesScan *newnode = makeNode(ValuesScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(values_lists);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCteScan
 */
static CteScan *
_copyCteScan(const CteScan *from)
{
	CteScan    *newnode = makeNode(CteScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(ctePlanId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cteParam);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyWorkTableScan
 */
static WorkTableScan *
_copyWorkTableScan(const WorkTableScan *from)
{
	WorkTableScan *newnode = makeNode(WorkTableScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(wtParam);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyForeignScan
 */
static ForeignScan *
_copyForeignScan(const ForeignScan *from)
{
	ForeignScan *newnode = makeNode(ForeignScan);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyScanFields((const Scan *) from, (Scan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fdw_exprs);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fdw_private);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fsSystemCol);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * CopyJoinFields
 *
 *		This function copies the fields of the Join node.  It is used by
 *		all the copy functions for classes which inherit from Join.
 */
static void
CopyJoinFields(const Join *from, Join *newnode)
{
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(jointype);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(joinqual);
}


/*
 * _copyJoin
 */
static Join *
_copyJoin(const Join *from)
{
	Join	   *newnode = makeNode(Join);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyJoinFields(from, newnode);

	return newnode;
}


/*
 * _copyNestLoop
 */
static NestLoop *
_copyNestLoop(const NestLoop *from)
{
	NestLoop   *newnode = makeNode(NestLoop);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyJoinFields((const Join *) from, (Join *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(nestParams);

	return newnode;
}


/*
 * _copyMergeJoin
 */
static MergeJoin *
_copyMergeJoin(const MergeJoin *from)
{
	MergeJoin  *newnode = makeNode(MergeJoin);
	int			numCols;

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyJoinFields((const Join *) from, (Join *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeclauses);
	numCols = list_length(from->mergeclauses);
	if (numCols > 0)
	{
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(mergeFamilies, numCols * sizeof(Oid));
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(mergeCollations, numCols * sizeof(Oid));
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(mergeStrategies, numCols * sizeof(int));
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(mergeNullsFirst, numCols * sizeof(bool));
	}

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyHashJoin
 */
static HashJoin *
_copyHashJoin(const HashJoin *from)
{
	HashJoin   *newnode = makeNode(HashJoin);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyJoinFields((const Join *) from, (Join *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(hashclauses);

	return newnode;
}


/*
 * _copyMaterial
 */
static Material *
_copyMaterial(const Material *from)
{
	Material   *newnode = makeNode(Material);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	return newnode;
}


/*
 * _copySort
 */
static Sort *
_copySort(const Sort *from)
{
	Sort	   *newnode = makeNode(Sort);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numCols);
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(sortColIdx, from->numCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(sortOperators, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(collations, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(nullsFirst, from->numCols * sizeof(bool));

	return newnode;
}


/*
 * _copyGroup
 */
static Group *
_copyGroup(const Group *from)
{
	Group	   *newnode = makeNode(Group);

	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numCols);
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(grpColIdx, from->numCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(grpOperators, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyAgg
 */
static Agg *
_copyAgg(const Agg *from)
{
	Agg		   *newnode = makeNode(Agg);

	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(aggstrategy);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numCols);
	if (from->numCols > 0)
	{
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(grpColIdx, from->numCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(grpOperators, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));
	}
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numGroups);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyWindowAgg
 */
static WindowAgg *
_copyWindowAgg(const WindowAgg *from)
{
	WindowAgg  *newnode = makeNode(WindowAgg);

	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(winref);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(partNumCols);
	if (from->partNumCols > 0)
	{
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(partColIdx, from->partNumCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(partOperators, from->partNumCols * sizeof(Oid));
	}
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(ordNumCols);
	if (from->ordNumCols > 0)
	{
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(ordColIdx, from->ordNumCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
		COPY_POINTER_FIELD(ordOperators, from->ordNumCols * sizeof(Oid));
	}
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(frameOptions);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(startOffset);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(endOffset);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyUnique
 */
static Unique *
_copyUnique(const Unique *from)
{
	Unique	   *newnode = makeNode(Unique);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numCols);
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(uniqColIdx, from->numCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(uniqOperators, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyHash
 */
static Hash *
_copyHash(const Hash *from)
{
	Hash	   *newnode = makeNode(Hash);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(skewTable);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(skewColumn);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(skewInherit);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(skewColType);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(skewColTypmod);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copySetOp
 */
static SetOp *
_copySetOp(const SetOp *from)
{
	SetOp	   *newnode = makeNode(SetOp);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cmd);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(strategy);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numCols);
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(dupColIdx, from->numCols * sizeof(AttrNumber));
	COPY_POINTER_FIELD(dupOperators, from->numCols * sizeof(Oid));
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(flagColIdx);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(firstFlag);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(numGroups);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyLockRows
 */
static LockRows *
_copyLockRows(const LockRows *from)
{
	LockRows   *newnode = makeNode(LockRows);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(epqParam);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyLimit
 */
static Limit *
_copyLimit(const Limit *from)
{
	Limit	   *newnode = makeNode(Limit);

	/*
	 * copy node superclass fields
	 */
	CopyPlanFields((const Plan *) from, (Plan *) newnode);

	/*
	 * copy remainder of node
	 */
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyNestLoopParam
 */
static NestLoopParam *
_copyNestLoopParam(const NestLoopParam *from)
{
	NestLoopParam *newnode = makeNode(NestLoopParam);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(paramno);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(paramval);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyPlanRowMark
 */
static PlanRowMark *
_copyPlanRowMark(const PlanRowMark *from)
{
	PlanRowMark *newnode = makeNode(PlanRowMark);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(rti);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(prti);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(rowmarkId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(markType);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(noWait);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(isParent);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyPlanInvalItem
 */
static PlanInvalItem *
_copyPlanInvalItem(const PlanInvalItem *from)
{
	PlanInvalItem *newnode = makeNode(PlanInvalItem);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cacheId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hashValue);

	return newnode;
}

/* ****************************************************************
 *					   primnodes.h copy functions
 * ****************************************************************
 */

/*
 * _copyAlias
 */
static Alias *
_copyAlias(const Alias *from)
{
	Alias	   *newnode = makeNode(Alias);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(aliasname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(colnames);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyRangeVar
 */
static RangeVar *
_copyRangeVar(const RangeVar *from)
{
	RangeVar   *newnode = makeNode(RangeVar);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(catalogname);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(schemaname);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(relname);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inhOpt);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(relpersistence);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(alias);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyIntoClause
 */
static IntoClause *
_copyIntoClause(const IntoClause *from)
{
	IntoClause *newnode = makeNode(IntoClause);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rel);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(colNames);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(options);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(onCommit);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(tableSpaceName);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(viewQuery);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(skipData);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * We don't need a _copyExpr because Expr is an abstract supertype which
 * should never actually get instantiated.  Also, since it has no common
 * fields except NodeTag, there's no need for a helper routine to factor
 * out copying the common fields...
 */

/*
 * _copyVar
 */
static Var *
_copyVar(const Var *from)
{
	Var		   *newnode = makeNode(Var);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(varno);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(varattno);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(vartype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(vartypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(varcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(varlevelsup);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(varnoold);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(varoattno);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyConst
 */
static Const *
_copyConst(const Const *from)
{
	Const	   *newnode = makeNode(Const);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(consttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(consttypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(constcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(constlen);

	if (from->constbyval || from->constisnull)
	{
		/*
		 * passed by value so just copy the datum. Also, don't try to copy
		 * struct when value is null!
		 */
		newnode->constvalue = from->constvalue;
	}
	else
	{
		/*
		 * passed by reference.  We need a palloc'd copy.
		 */
		newnode->constvalue = datumCopy(from->constvalue,
										from->constbyval,
										from->constlen);
	}

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(constisnull);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(constbyval);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyParam
 */
static Param *
_copyParam(const Param *from)
{
	Param	   *newnode = makeNode(Param);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(paramkind);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(paramid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(paramtype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(paramtypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(paramcollid);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyAggref
 */
static Aggref *
_copyAggref(const Aggref *from)
{
	Aggref	   *newnode = makeNode(Aggref);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(aggfnoid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(aggtype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(aggcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(aggdirectargs);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(aggorder);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(aggdistinct);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(aggfilter);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(aggstar);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(aggvariadic);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(aggkind);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(agglevelsup);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyWindowFunc
 */
static WindowFunc *
_copyWindowFunc(const WindowFunc *from)
{
	WindowFunc *newnode = makeNode(WindowFunc);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(winfnoid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(wintype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(wincollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(aggfilter);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(winref);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(winstar);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(winagg);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyArrayRef
 */
static ArrayRef *
_copyArrayRef(const ArrayRef *from)
{
	ArrayRef   *newnode = makeNode(ArrayRef);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(refarraytype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(refelemtype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(reftypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(refcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(refupperindexpr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(reflowerindexpr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(refexpr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(refassgnexpr);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyFuncExpr
 */
static FuncExpr *
_copyFuncExpr(const FuncExpr *from)
{
	FuncExpr   *newnode = makeNode(FuncExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funcid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funcresulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funcretset);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funcvariadic);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funcformat);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funccollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyNamedArgExpr *
 */
static NamedArgExpr *
_copyNamedArgExpr(const NamedArgExpr *from)
{
	NamedArgExpr *newnode = makeNode(NamedArgExpr);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(name);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(argnumber);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyOpExpr
 */
static OpExpr *
_copyOpExpr(const OpExpr *from)
{
	OpExpr	   *newnode = makeNode(OpExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opno);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opfuncid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opresulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opretset);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyDistinctExpr (same as OpExpr)
 */
static DistinctExpr *
_copyDistinctExpr(const DistinctExpr *from)
{
	DistinctExpr *newnode = makeNode(DistinctExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opno);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opfuncid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opresulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opretset);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyNullIfExpr (same as OpExpr)
 */
static NullIfExpr *
_copyNullIfExpr(const NullIfExpr *from)
{
	NullIfExpr *newnode = makeNode(NullIfExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opno);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opfuncid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opresulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opretset);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyScalarArrayOpExpr
 */
static ScalarArrayOpExpr *
_copyScalarArrayOpExpr(const ScalarArrayOpExpr *from)
{
	ScalarArrayOpExpr *newnode = makeNode(ScalarArrayOpExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opno);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(opfuncid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(useOr);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyBoolExpr
 */
static BoolExpr *
_copyBoolExpr(const BoolExpr *from)
{
	BoolExpr   *newnode = makeNode(BoolExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(boolop);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copySubLink
 */
static SubLink *
_copySubLink(const SubLink *from)
{
	SubLink    *newnode = makeNode(SubLink);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(subLinkType);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(testexpr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(operName);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(subselect);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copySubPlan
 */
static SubPlan *
_copySubPlan(const SubPlan *from)
{
	SubPlan    *newnode = makeNode(SubPlan);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(subLinkType);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(testexpr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(paramIds);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(plan_id);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(plan_name);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(firstColType);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(firstColTypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(firstColCollation);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(useHashTable);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(unknownEqFalse);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(setParam);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(parParam);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(startup_cost);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(per_call_cost);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyAlternativeSubPlan
 */
static AlternativeSubPlan *
_copyAlternativeSubPlan(const AlternativeSubPlan *from)
{
	AlternativeSubPlan *newnode = makeNode(AlternativeSubPlan);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(subplans);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyFieldSelect
 */
static FieldSelect *
_copyFieldSelect(const FieldSelect *from)
{
	FieldSelect *newnode = makeNode(FieldSelect);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fieldnum);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resultcollid);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyFieldStore
 */
static FieldStore *
_copyFieldStore(const FieldStore *from)
{
	FieldStore *newnode = makeNode(FieldStore);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(newvals);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fieldnums);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttype);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyRelabelType
 */
static RelabelType *
_copyRelabelType(const RelabelType *from)
{
	RelabelType *newnode = makeNode(RelabelType);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resultcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(relabelformat);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCoerceViaIO
 */
static CoerceViaIO *
_copyCoerceViaIO(const CoerceViaIO *from)
{
	CoerceViaIO *newnode = makeNode(CoerceViaIO);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resultcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(coerceformat);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyArrayCoerceExpr
 */
static ArrayCoerceExpr *
_copyArrayCoerceExpr(const ArrayCoerceExpr *from)
{
	ArrayCoerceExpr *newnode = makeNode(ArrayCoerceExpr);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(elemfuncid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resultcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(isExplicit);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(coerceformat);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyConvertRowtypeExpr
 */
static ConvertRowtypeExpr *
_copyConvertRowtypeExpr(const ConvertRowtypeExpr *from)
{
	ConvertRowtypeExpr *newnode = makeNode(ConvertRowtypeExpr);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(convertformat);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCollateExpr
 */
static CollateExpr *
_copyCollateExpr(const CollateExpr *from)
{
	CollateExpr *newnode = makeNode(CollateExpr);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(collOid);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCaseExpr
 */
static CaseExpr *
_copyCaseExpr(const CaseExpr *from)
{
	CaseExpr   *newnode = makeNode(CaseExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(casetype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(casecollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(defresult);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCaseWhen
 */
static CaseWhen *
_copyCaseWhen(const CaseWhen *from)
{
	CaseWhen   *newnode = makeNode(CaseWhen);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(expr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(result);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCaseTestExpr
 */
static CaseTestExpr *
_copyCaseTestExpr(const CaseTestExpr *from)
{
	CaseTestExpr *newnode = makeNode(CaseTestExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typeId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typeMod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(collation);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyArrayExpr
 */
static ArrayExpr *
_copyArrayExpr(const ArrayExpr *from)
{
	ArrayExpr  *newnode = makeNode(ArrayExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(array_typeid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(array_collid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(element_typeid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(elements);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(multidims);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyRowExpr
 */
static RowExpr *
_copyRowExpr(const RowExpr *from)
{
	RowExpr    *newnode = makeNode(RowExpr);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(row_typeid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(row_format);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(colnames);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyRowCompareExpr
 */
static RowCompareExpr *
_copyRowCompareExpr(const RowCompareExpr *from)
{
	RowCompareExpr *newnode = makeNode(RowCompareExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(rctype);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(opnos);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(opfamilies);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(inputcollids);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(largs);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rargs);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCoalesceExpr
 */
static CoalesceExpr *
_copyCoalesceExpr(const CoalesceExpr *from)
{
	CoalesceExpr *newnode = makeNode(CoalesceExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(coalescetype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(coalescecollid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyMinMaxExpr
 */
static MinMaxExpr *
_copyMinMaxExpr(const MinMaxExpr *from)
{
	MinMaxExpr *newnode = makeNode(MinMaxExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(minmaxtype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(minmaxcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inputcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(op);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyXmlExpr
 */
static XmlExpr *
_copyXmlExpr(const XmlExpr *from)
{
	XmlExpr    *newnode = makeNode(XmlExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(op);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(name);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(named_args);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg_names);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(xmloption);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(type);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typmod);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyNullTest
 */
static NullTest *
_copyNullTest(const NullTest *from)
{
	NullTest   *newnode = makeNode(NullTest);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(nulltesttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(argisrow);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyBooleanTest
 */
static BooleanTest *
_copyBooleanTest(const BooleanTest *from)
{
	BooleanTest *newnode = makeNode(BooleanTest);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(booltesttype);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCoerceToDomain
 */
static CoerceToDomain *
_copyCoerceToDomain(const CoerceToDomain *from)
{
	CoerceToDomain *newnode = makeNode(CoerceToDomain);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resulttypmod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resultcollid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(coercionformat);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCoerceToDomainValue
 */
static CoerceToDomainValue *
_copyCoerceToDomainValue(const CoerceToDomainValue *from)
{
	CoerceToDomainValue *newnode = makeNode(CoerceToDomainValue);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typeId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typeMod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(collation);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copySetToDefault
 */
static SetToDefault *
_copySetToDefault(const SetToDefault *from)
{
	SetToDefault *newnode = makeNode(SetToDefault);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typeId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typeMod);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(collation);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyCurrentOfExpr
 */
static CurrentOfExpr *
_copyCurrentOfExpr(const CurrentOfExpr *from)
{
	CurrentOfExpr *newnode = makeNode(CurrentOfExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cvarno);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(cursor_name);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cursor_param);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyTargetEntry
 */
static TargetEntry *
_copyTargetEntry(const TargetEntry *from)
{
	TargetEntry *newnode = makeNode(TargetEntry);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(expr);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resno);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(resname);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(ressortgroupref);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resorigtbl);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resorigcol);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resjunk);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyRangeTblRef
 */
static RangeTblRef *
_copyRangeTblRef(const RangeTblRef *from)
{
	RangeTblRef *newnode = makeNode(RangeTblRef);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(rtindex);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyJoinExpr
 */
static JoinExpr *
_copyJoinExpr(const JoinExpr *from)
{
	JoinExpr   *newnode = makeNode(JoinExpr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(jointype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(isNatural);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(larg);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rarg);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(usingClause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(quals);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(alias);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(rtindex);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyFromExpr
 */
static FromExpr *
_copyFromExpr(const FromExpr *from)
{
	FromExpr   *newnode = makeNode(FromExpr);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fromlist);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(quals);

	return newnode;
}

/* ****************************************************************
 *						relation.h copy functions
 *
 * We don't support copying RelOptInfo, IndexOptInfo, or Path nodes.
 * There are some subsidiary structs that are useful to copy, though.
 * ****************************************************************
 */

/*
 * _copyPathKey
 */
static PathKey *
_copyPathKey(const PathKey *from)
{
	PathKey    *newnode = makeNode(PathKey);

	/* EquivalenceClasses are never moved, so just shallow-copy the pointer */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(pk_eclass);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(pk_opfamily);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(pk_strategy);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(pk_nulls_first);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyRestrictInfo
 */
static RestrictInfo *
_copyRestrictInfo(const RestrictInfo *from)
{
	RestrictInfo *newnode = makeNode(RestrictInfo);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(clause);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(is_pushed_down);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(outerjoin_delayed);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(can_join);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(pseudoconstant);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(clause_relids);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(required_relids);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(outer_relids);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(nullable_relids);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(left_relids);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(right_relids);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(orclause);
	/* EquivalenceClasses are never copied, so shallow-copy the pointers */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(parent_ec);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(eval_cost);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(norm_selec);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(outer_selec);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(mergeopfamilies);
	/* EquivalenceClasses are never copied, so shallow-copy the pointers */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(left_ec);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(right_ec);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(left_em);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(right_em);
	/* MergeScanSelCache isn't a Node, so hard to copy; just reset cache */
	newnode->scansel_cache = NIL;
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(outer_is_left);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hashjoinoperator);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(left_bucketsize);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(right_bucketsize);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyPlaceHolderVar
 */
static PlaceHolderVar *
_copyPlaceHolderVar(const PlaceHolderVar *from)
{
	PlaceHolderVar *newnode = makeNode(PlaceHolderVar);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(phexpr);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(phrels);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(phid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(phlevelsup);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copySpecialJoinInfo
 */
static SpecialJoinInfo *
_copySpecialJoinInfo(const SpecialJoinInfo *from)
{
	SpecialJoinInfo *newnode = makeNode(SpecialJoinInfo);

	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(min_lefthand);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(min_righthand);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(syn_lefthand);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(syn_righthand);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(jointype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(lhs_strict);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(delay_upper_joins);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(join_quals);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyLateralJoinInfo
 */
static LateralJoinInfo *
_copyLateralJoinInfo(const LateralJoinInfo *from)
{
	LateralJoinInfo *newnode = makeNode(LateralJoinInfo);

	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(lateral_lhs);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(lateral_rhs);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyAppendRelInfo
 */
static AppendRelInfo *
_copyAppendRelInfo(const AppendRelInfo *from)
{
	AppendRelInfo *newnode = makeNode(AppendRelInfo);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(parent_relid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(child_relid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(parent_reltype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(child_reltype);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(translated_vars);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(parent_reloid);

	return newnode;
}

/*
 * _copyPlaceHolderInfo
 */
static PlaceHolderInfo *
_copyPlaceHolderInfo(const PlaceHolderInfo *from)
{
	PlaceHolderInfo *newnode = makeNode(PlaceHolderInfo);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(phid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ph_var);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(ph_eval_at);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(ph_lateral);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(ph_needed);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(ph_width);

	return newnode;
}

/* ****************************************************************
 *					parsenodes.h copy functions
 * ****************************************************************
 */

static RangeTblEntry *
_copyRangeTblEntry(const RangeTblEntry *from)
{
	RangeTblEntry *newnode = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(rtekind);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(relid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(relkind);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(subquery);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(security_barrier);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(jointype);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(joinaliasvars);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(functions);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funcordinality);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(values_lists);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(values_collations);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(ctename);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(ctelevelsup);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(self_reference);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctecoltypes);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctecoltypmods);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctecolcollations);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(alias);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(eref);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(lateral);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inh);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inFromCl);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(requiredPerms);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(checkAsUser);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(selectedCols);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(modifiedCols);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(securityQuals);

	return newnode;
}

static RangeTblFunction *
_copyRangeTblFunction(const RangeTblFunction *from)
{
	RangeTblFunction *newnode = makeNode(RangeTblFunction);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(funcexpr);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(funccolcount);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(funccolnames);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(funccoltypes);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(funccoltypmods);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(funccolcollations);
	COPY_BITMAPSET_FIELD(funcparams);

	return newnode;
}

static WithCheckOption *
_copyWithCheckOption(const WithCheckOption *from)
{
	WithCheckOption *newnode = makeNode(WithCheckOption);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(viewname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(qual);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cascaded);

	return newnode;
}

static SortGroupClause *
_copySortGroupClause(const SortGroupClause *from)
{
	SortGroupClause *newnode = makeNode(SortGroupClause);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(tleSortGroupRef);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(eqop);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(sortop);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(nulls_first);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hashable);

	return newnode;
}

static WindowClause *
_copyWindowClause(const WindowClause *from)
{
	WindowClause *newnode = makeNode(WindowClause);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(name);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(refname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(partitionClause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(orderClause);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(frameOptions);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(startOffset);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(endOffset);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(winref);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(copiedOrder);

	return newnode;
}

static RowMarkClause *
_copyRowMarkClause(const RowMarkClause *from)
{
	RowMarkClause *newnode = makeNode(RowMarkClause);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(rti);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(strength);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(noWait);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(pushedDown);

	return newnode;
}

static WithClause *
_copyWithClause(const WithClause *from)
{
	WithClause *newnode = makeNode(WithClause);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctes);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(recursive);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static CommonTableExpr *
_copyCommonTableExpr(const CommonTableExpr *from)
{
	CommonTableExpr *newnode = makeNode(CommonTableExpr);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(ctename);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(aliascolnames);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctequery);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cterecursive);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(cterefcount);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctecolnames);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctecoltypes);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctecoltypmods);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(ctecolcollations);

	return newnode;
}

static A_Expr *
_copyAExpr(const A_Expr *from)
{
	A_Expr	   *newnode = makeNode(A_Expr);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(kind);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(name);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(lexpr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rexpr);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static ColumnRef *
_copyColumnRef(const ColumnRef *from)
{
	ColumnRef  *newnode = makeNode(ColumnRef);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fields);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static ParamRef *
_copyParamRef(const ParamRef *from)
{
	ParamRef   *newnode = makeNode(ParamRef);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(number);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static A_Const *
_copyAConst(const A_Const *from)
{
	A_Const    *newnode = makeNode(A_Const);

	/* This part must duplicate _copyValue */
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(val.type);
	switch (from->val.type)
	{
		case T_Integer:
			COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(val.val.ival);
			break;
		case T_Float:
		case T_String:
		case T_BitString:
			COPY_STRING_FIELD(val.val.str);
			break;
		case T_Null:
			/* nothing to do */
			break;
		default:
			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
				 (int) from->val.type);
			break;
	}

	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static FuncCall *
_copyFuncCall(const FuncCall *from)
{
	FuncCall   *newnode = makeNode(FuncCall);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(funcname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(args);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(agg_order);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(agg_filter);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(agg_within_group);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(agg_star);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(agg_distinct);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(func_variadic);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(over);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static A_Star *
_copyAStar(const A_Star *from)
{
	A_Star	   *newnode = makeNode(A_Star);

	return newnode;
}

static A_Indices *
_copyAIndices(const A_Indices *from)
{
	A_Indices  *newnode = makeNode(A_Indices);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(lidx);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(uidx);

	return newnode;
}

static A_Indirection *
_copyA_Indirection(const A_Indirection *from)
{
	A_Indirection *newnode = makeNode(A_Indirection);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indirection);

	return newnode;
}

static A_ArrayExpr *
_copyA_ArrayExpr(const A_ArrayExpr *from)
{
	A_ArrayExpr *newnode = makeNode(A_ArrayExpr);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(elements);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static ResTarget *
_copyResTarget(const ResTarget *from)
{
	ResTarget  *newnode = makeNode(ResTarget);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(name);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(indirection);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(val);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static TypeName *
_copyTypeName(const TypeName *from)
{
	TypeName   *newnode = makeNode(TypeName);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(names);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typeOid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(setof);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(pct_type);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(typmods);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(typemod);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arrayBounds);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static SortBy *
_copySortBy(const SortBy *from)
{
	SortBy	   *newnode = makeNode(SortBy);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(node);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(sortby_dir);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(sortby_nulls);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(useOp);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static WindowDef *
_copyWindowDef(const WindowDef *from)
{
	WindowDef  *newnode = makeNode(WindowDef);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(name);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(refname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(partitionClause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(orderClause);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(frameOptions);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(startOffset);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(endOffset);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static RangeSubselect *
_copyRangeSubselect(const RangeSubselect *from)
{
	RangeSubselect *newnode = makeNode(RangeSubselect);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(lateral);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(subquery);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(alias);

	return newnode;
}

static RangeFunction *
_copyRangeFunction(const RangeFunction *from)
{
	RangeFunction *newnode = makeNode(RangeFunction);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(lateral);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(ordinality);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(is_rowsfrom);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(functions);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(alias);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(coldeflist);

	return newnode;
}

static TypeCast *
_copyTypeCast(const TypeCast *from)
{
	TypeCast   *newnode = makeNode(TypeCast);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(typeName);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static CollateClause *
_copyCollateClause(const CollateClause *from)
{
	CollateClause *newnode = makeNode(CollateClause);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(collname);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static IndexElem *
_copyIndexElem(const IndexElem *from)
{
	IndexElem  *newnode = makeNode(IndexElem);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(name);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(expr);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(indexcolname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(collation);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(opclass);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(ordering);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(nulls_ordering);

	return newnode;
}

static ColumnDef *
_copyColumnDef(const ColumnDef *from)
{
	ColumnDef  *newnode = makeNode(ColumnDef);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(colname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(typeName);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(inhcount);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(is_local);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(is_not_null);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(is_from_type);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(storage);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(raw_default);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(cooked_default);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(collClause);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(collOid);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(constraints);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fdwoptions);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static Constraint *
_copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
{
	Constraint *newnode = makeNode(Constraint);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(contype);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(conname);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(deferrable);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(initdeferred);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(is_no_inherit);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(raw_expr);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(cooked_expr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(keys);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(exclusions);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(options);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(indexname);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(indexspace);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(access_method);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(where_clause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(old_conpfeqop);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(old_pktable_oid);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(skip_validation);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(initially_valid);

	return newnode;
}

static DefElem *
_copyDefElem(const DefElem *from)
{
	DefElem    *newnode = makeNode(DefElem);

	COPY_STRING_FIELD(defnamespace);
	COPY_STRING_FIELD(defname);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(arg);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(defaction);

	return newnode;
}

static LockingClause *
_copyLockingClause(const LockingClause *from)
{
	LockingClause *newnode = makeNode(LockingClause);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(lockedRels);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(strength);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(noWait);

	return newnode;
}

static XmlSerialize *
_copyXmlSerialize(const XmlSerialize *from)
{
	XmlSerialize *newnode = makeNode(XmlSerialize);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(xmloption);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(expr);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(typeName);
	COPY_LOCATION_FIELD(location);

	return newnode;
}

static Query *
_copyQuery(const Query *from)
{
	Query	   *newnode = makeNode(Query);

	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(commandType);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(querySource);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(queryId);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(canSetTag);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(utilityStmt);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(resultRelation);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasAggs);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasWindowFuncs);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasSubLinks);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasDistinctOn);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasRecursive);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasModifyingCTE);
	COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(hasForUpdate);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(cteList);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rtable);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(jointree);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(targetList);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(withCheckOptions);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(returningList);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(groupClause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(havingQual);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(windowClause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(distinctClause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(sortClause);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitOffset);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(limitCount);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(rowMarks);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(setOperations);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(constraintDeps);

	return newnode;
}

static InsertStmt *
_copyInsertStmt(const InsertStmt *from)
{
	InsertStmt *newnode = makeNode(InsertStmt);

	COPY_NODE_FIELD(relation);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(cols);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(selectStmt);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(returningList);
	COPY_NODE_FIELD(withClause);

	return newnode;
}

static DeleteStmt *
_copyDeleteStmt(const DeleteStmt *from)
{
	DeleteStmt *newnode = makeNode(DeleteStmt);

	COPY_NO…