/frontends/CsoundAC/allegro.cpp

Large files files are truncated, but you can click here to view the full file

// Allegro: music representation system, with
//      extensible in-memory sequence structure
//      upward compatible with MIDI
//      implementations in C++ and Serpent
//      external, text-based representation
//      compatible with Aura
//
/* CHANGE LOG:
04 apr 03 -- fixed bug in add_track that caused infinite loop
*/

#include "assert.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
#include "allegro.h"
#include "algrd_internal.h"
#include "algsmfrd_internal.h"
// #include "trace.h" -- only needed for debugging
#include "math.h"

#define STREQL(x, y) (strcmp(x, y) == 0)
#define MAX(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
#define ROUND(x) ((int) ((x) + 0.5))

// 4311 is type cast ponter to long warning
// 4996 is warning against strcpy
// 4267 is size_t to long warning
#pragma warning(disable: 4311 4996 4267)
Alg_atoms symbol_table;
Serial_read_buffer Alg_track::ser_read_buf; // declare the static variables
Serial_write_buffer Alg_track::ser_write_buf;

bool within(double d1, double d2, double epsilon)
{
    d1 -= d2;
    return d1 < epsilon && d1 > -epsilon;
}


char *heapify(const char *s)
{
    char *h = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
    strcpy(h, s);
    return h;
}


void Alg_atoms::expand()
{
    maxlen = (maxlen + 5);   // extra growth for small sizes
    maxlen += (maxlen >> 2); // add 25%
    Alg_attribute *new_atoms = new Alg_attribute[maxlen];
    // now do copy
    memcpy(new_atoms, atoms, len * sizeof(Alg_attribute));
    if (atoms) delete[] atoms;
    atoms = new_atoms;
}


// insert_new -- insert an attribute name and type
//
// attributes are stored as a string consisting of the type
// (a char) followed by the attribute name. This makes it
// easy to retrieve the type or the name or both.
//
Alg_attribute Alg_atoms::insert_new(const char *name, char attr_type)
{
    if (len == maxlen) expand();
    char *h = new char[strlen(name) + 2];
    strcpy(h + 1, name);
    *h = attr_type;
    atoms[len++] = h;
    return h;
}


Alg_attribute Alg_atoms::insert_attribute(Alg_attribute attr)
{
    // should use hash algorithm
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (STREQL(attr, atoms[i])) {
            return atoms[i];
        }
    }
    return insert_new(attr + 1, attr[0]);
}


Alg_attribute Alg_atoms::insert_string(const char *name)
{
    char attr_type = name[strlen(name) - 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (attr_type == atoms[i][0] &&
            STREQL(name, atoms[i] + 1)) {
            return atoms[i];
        }
    }
    return insert_new(name, attr_type);
}


void Alg_parameter::copy(Alg_parameter_ptr parm)
{
    *this = *parm; // copy all fields
    // if the value is a string, copy the string
    if (attr_type() == 's') {
        s = heapify(s);
    }
}


void Alg_parameter::show()
{
    switch (attr[0]) {
    case 'r':
        printf("%s:%g", attr_name(), r);
        break;
    case 's':
        printf("%s:%s", attr_name(), s);
        break;
    case 'i':
        printf("%s:%ld", attr_name(), i);
        break;
    case 'l':
        printf("%s:%s", attr_name(), (l ? "t" : "f"));
        break;
    case 'a':
        printf("%s:%s", attr_name(), a);
        break;
    }
}


Alg_parameter::~Alg_parameter()
{
    if (attr_type() == 's' && s) {
        delete[] s;
    }
}


void Alg_parameters::insert_real(Alg_parameters **list, const char *name,
                                 double r)
{
    Alg_parameters_ptr a = new Alg_parameters(*list);
    *list = a;
    a->parm.set_attr(symbol_table.insert_string(name));
    a->parm.r = r;
    assert(a->parm.attr_type() == 'r');
}


void Alg_parameters::insert_string(Alg_parameters **list, const char *name,
                                   const char *s)
{
    Alg_parameters_ptr a = new Alg_parameters(*list);
    *list = a;
    a->parm.set_attr(symbol_table.insert_string(name));
    // string is deleted when parameter is deleted
    a->parm.s = heapify(s);
    assert(a->parm.attr_type() == 's');
}


void Alg_parameters::insert_integer(Alg_parameters **list, const char *name,
                                    long i)
{
    Alg_parameters_ptr a = new Alg_parameters(*list);
    *list = a;
    a->parm.set_attr(symbol_table.insert_string(name));
    a->parm.i = i;
    assert(a->parm.attr_type() == 'i');
}


void Alg_parameters::insert_logical(Alg_parameters **list, const char *name,
                                    bool l)
{
    Alg_parameters_ptr a = new Alg_parameters(*list);
    *list = a;
    a->parm.set_attr(symbol_table.insert_string(name));
    a->parm.l = l;
    assert(a->parm.attr_type() == 'l');
}


void Alg_parameters::insert_atom(Alg_parameters **list, const char *name,
                                 const char *s)
{
    Alg_parameters_ptr a = new Alg_parameters(*list);
    *list = a;
    a->parm.set_attr(symbol_table.insert_string(name));
    a->parm.a = symbol_table.insert_string(s);
    assert(a->parm.attr_type() == 'a');
}


Alg_parameters *Alg_parameters::remove_key(Alg_parameters **list,
                                           const char *name)
{
    while (*list) {
        if (STREQL((*list)->parm.attr_name(), name)) {
            Alg_parameters_ptr p = *list;
            *list = p->next;
            p->next = NULL;
            return p; // caller should free this pointer
        }
        list = &((*list)->next);
    }
    return NULL;
}


Alg_parameter_ptr Alg_parameters::find(Alg_attribute attr)
{
    assert(attr);
    Alg_parameters_ptr temp = this;
    while (temp) {
        if (temp->parm.attr == attr) {
            return &(temp->parm);
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}


int Alg_event::get_type_code()
{
    if (!is_note()) {
        const char* attr = get_attribute();
        if (STREQL(attr, "gater"))         // volume change
            return ALG_GATE;
        if (STREQL(attr, "bendr"))         // pitch bend
            return ALG_BEND;
        if (strncmp(attr, "control", 7) == 0)      // control change
            // note that midi control changes have attributes of the form
            // "control<n>" where n is the decimal number (as a character string)
            // of the midi controller, e.g. control2 is the breath controller.
            // We don't check for decimal numbers in the range 0-127, so any
            // attribute that begins with "control" is an ALG_CONTROL:
            return ALG_CONTROL;
        if (STREQL(attr, "programi"))      // program change
            return ALG_PROGRAM;
        if (STREQL(attr, "pressurer"))    // pressure change
            return ALG_PRESSURE;
        if (STREQL(attr, "keysigi"))       // key signature
            return ALG_KEYSIG;
        if (STREQL(attr, "timesig_numi"))  // time signature numerator
            return ALG_TIMESIG_NUM;
        if (STREQL(attr, "timesig_deni"))  // time signature denominator
            return ALG_TIMESIG_DEN;
        return ALG_OTHER;
    }
    return ALG_NOTE; // it is a note
}


void Alg_event::set_parameter(Alg_parameter_ptr new_parameter)
{
    Alg_parameter_ptr parm;
    if (is_note()) {
        Alg_note_ptr note = (Alg_note_ptr) this;
        parm = note->parameters->find(new_parameter->attr);
        if (!parm) {
            note->parameters = new Alg_parameters(note->parameters);
            parm = &(note->parameters->parm);
        }
    } else { // update
        Alg_update_ptr update = (Alg_update_ptr) this;
        parm = &(update->parameter);
    }
    parm->copy(new_parameter); // copy entire parameter
}


void Alg_event::set_string_value(const char *a, const char *value)
{
    assert(a); // must be non-null
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(attr[0] == 's');
    Alg_parameter parm;
    parm.set_attr(attr);
    parm.s = value;
    set_parameter(&parm);
    parm.s = NULL; // do this to prevent string from being freed
}


void Alg_event::set_real_value(const char *a, double value)
{
    assert(a); // must be non-null
    // attr is like a, but it has the type code prefixed for
    // fast lookup, and it is a unique string in symbol_table
    // e.g. a="attackr" -> attr="rattackr"
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(attr[0] == 'r');
    Alg_parameter parm;
    parm.set_attr(attr);
    parm.r = value;
    set_parameter(&parm);
    // since type is 'r' we don't have to NULL the string
}


void Alg_event::set_logical_value(const char *a, bool value)
{
    assert(a); // must be non-null
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(attr[0] == 'l');
    Alg_parameter parm;
    parm.set_attr(attr);
    parm.l = value;
    set_parameter(&parm);
    // since type is 'l' we don't have to NULL the string
}


void Alg_event::set_integer_value(const char *a, long value)
{
    assert(a); // must be non-null
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(attr[0] == 'i');
    Alg_parameter parm;
    parm.set_attr(attr);
    parm.i = value;
    set_parameter(&parm);
    // since tpye is 'i' we don't have to NULL the string
}


void Alg_event::set_atom_value(const char *a, const char *value)
{
    assert(a); // must be non-null
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(attr[0] == 'a');
    Alg_parameter parm;
    parm.set_attr(attr);
    parm.a = value;
    set_parameter(&parm);
    /* since type is 'a' we don't have to null the string */
}


float Alg_event::get_pitch()
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    return note->pitch;
}


float Alg_event::get_loud()
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    return note->loud;
}


double Alg_event::get_start_time()
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    return note->time;
}


double Alg_event::get_end_time()
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    return note->time + note->dur;
}


double Alg_event::get_duration()
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    return note->dur;
}


void Alg_event::set_pitch(float p)
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    note->pitch = p;
}

void Alg_event::set_loud(float l)
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note *note = (Alg_note *) this;
    note->loud = l;
}


void Alg_event::set_duration(double d)
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    note->dur = d;
}


bool Alg_event::has_attribute(const char *a)
{
    assert(is_note());
    assert(a); // must be non-null
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    Alg_parameter_ptr parm = note->parameters->find(attr);
    return parm != NULL;
}


char Alg_event::get_attribute_type(const char *a)
{
    assert(is_note());
    assert(a);
    return a[strlen(a) - 1];
}


const char *Alg_event::get_string_value(const char *a, const char *value)
{
    assert(is_note());
    assert(a); // must be non-null
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(a[0] == 's'); // must be of type string
    Alg_parameter_ptr parm = note->parameters->find(attr);
    if (parm) return parm->s;
    return value;
}


double Alg_event::get_real_value(const char *a, double value)
{
    assert(is_note());
    assert(a);
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(a[0] == 'r'); // must be of type real
    Alg_parameter_ptr parm = note->parameters->find(attr);
    if (parm) return parm->r;
    return value;
}


bool Alg_event::get_logical_value(const char *a, bool value)
{
    assert(is_note());
    assert(a);
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(a[0] == 'l'); // must be of type logical
    Alg_parameter_ptr parm = note->parameters->find(attr);
    if (parm) return parm->l;
    return value;
}


long Alg_event::get_integer_value(const char *a, long value)
{
    assert(is_note());
    assert(a);
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(a[0] == 'i'); // must be of type integer
    Alg_parameter_ptr parm = note->parameters->find(attr);
    if (parm) return parm->i;
    return value;
}


const char *Alg_event::get_atom_value(const char *a, const char *value)
{
    assert(is_note());
    assert(a);
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    Alg_attribute attr = symbol_table.insert_string(a);
    assert(a[0] == 'a'); // must be of type atom
    Alg_parameter_ptr parm = note->parameters->find(attr);
    if (parm) return parm->a;
    // if default is a string, convert to an atom (unique
    // string in symbol table) and return it
    return (value == NULL ? NULL :
              symbol_table.insert_string(value));
}


void Alg_event::delete_attribute(const char *a)
{
    assert(is_note());
    Alg_note* note = (Alg_note *) this;
    Alg_parameters::remove_key(&(note->parameters), a);
}


const char *Alg_event::get_attribute()
// Note: this returns a string, not an Alg_attribute
{
    assert(is_update());
    Alg_update* update = (Alg_update *) this;
    return update->parameter.attr_name();
}


char Alg_event::get_update_type()
{
    assert(is_update());
    Alg_update* update = (Alg_update *) this;
    return update->parameter.attr_type();
}


const char *Alg_event::get_string_value()
{
    assert(is_update());
    Alg_update* update = (Alg_update *) this;
    assert(get_update_type() == 's');
    return update->parameter.s;
}


double Alg_event::get_real_value()
{
    assert(is_update());
    Alg_update* update = (Alg_update *) this;
    assert(get_update_type() == 'r');
    return update->parameter.r;
}


bool Alg_event::get_logical_value()
{
    assert(is_update());
    Alg_update* update = (Alg_update *) this;
    assert(get_update_type() == 'l');
    return update->parameter.l;
}


long Alg_event::get_integer_value()
{
    assert(is_update());
    Alg_update* update = (Alg_update *) this;
    assert(get_update_type() == 'i');
    return update->parameter.i;
}


const char *Alg_event::get_atom_value()
{
    assert(is_update());
    Alg_update* update = (Alg_update *) this;
    assert(get_update_type() == 'a');
    return update->parameter.a;
}


bool Alg_event::overlap(double t, double len, bool all)
{
    // event starts within region
    if (time >= t && time <= t + len - ALG_EPS)
        return true;
    if (all && is_note()) {
        double dur = ((Alg_note_ptr) this)->dur;
        // note overlaps with region
        if (time < t && time + dur - ALG_EPS > t)
            return true;
    }
    // does not overlap
    return false;
}


Alg_note::Alg_note(Alg_note_ptr note)
{
    *this = *note; // copy all fields
    // parameters is now a shared pointer. We need to copy the
    // parameters
    Alg_parameters_ptr next_param_ptr = parameters;
    while (next_param_ptr) {
        Alg_parameters_ptr new_params = new Alg_parameters(next_param_ptr->next);
        new_params->parm.copy(&(next_param_ptr->parm)); // copy the attribute and value
        next_param_ptr = new_params->next;
    }
}


Alg_note::~Alg_note()
{
    while (parameters) {
        Alg_parameters_ptr to_delete = parameters;
        parameters = parameters->next;
        delete to_delete;
    }
}


void Alg_note::show()
{
    printf("Alg_note: time %g, chan %ld, dur %g, key %ld, "
           "pitch %g, loud %g, attributes ",
           time, chan, dur, key, pitch, loud);
    Alg_parameters_ptr parms = parameters;
    while (parms) {
        parms->parm.show();
        printf(" ");
        parms = parms->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}


Alg_update::Alg_update(Alg_update_ptr update)
{
    *this = *update; // copy all fields
    // parameter requires careful copy to possibly duplicate string value:
    this->parameter.copy(&(update->parameter));
}


void Alg_update::show()
{
    printf("Alg_update: ");
    parameter.show();
    printf("\n");
}


void Alg_events::expand()
{
    maxlen = (maxlen + 5);   // extra growth for small sizes
    maxlen += (maxlen >> 2); // add 25%
    Alg_event_ptr *new_events = new Alg_event_ptr[maxlen];
    // now do copy
    memcpy(new_events, events, len * sizeof(Alg_event_ptr));
    if (events) delete[] events;
    events = new_events;
}


void Alg_events::insert(Alg_event_ptr event)
{
    if (maxlen <= len) {
        expand();
    }
    // Note: if the new event is the last one, the assignment
    // events[i] = event; (below) will never execute, so just
    // in case, we do the assignment here. events[len] will
    // be replaced during the memmove() operation below if
    // this is not the last event.
    events[len] = event;
    len++;
    // find insertion point: (this could be a binary search)
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (events[i]->time > event->time) {
            // insert event at i
            memmove(&events[i + 1], &events[i],
                    sizeof(Alg_event_ptr) * (len - i - 1));
            events[i] = event;
            return;
        }
    }
}

Alg_event_ptr Alg_events::uninsert(long index)
{
    assert(0 <= index && index < len);
    Alg_event_ptr event = events[index];
    //printf("memmove: %x from %x (%d)\n", events + index, events + index + 1,
    //        sizeof(Alg_event_ptr) * (len - index - 1));
    memmove(events + index, events + index + 1,
            sizeof(Alg_event_ptr) * (len - index - 1));
    len--;
    return event;
}


void Alg_events::append(Alg_event_ptr event)
{
    if (maxlen <= len) {
        expand();
    }
    events[len++] = event;
    // keep track of last note_off time
    if (event->is_note()) {
        Alg_note_ptr note = (Alg_note_ptr) event;
        double note_off = note->time + note->dur;
        if (note_off > last_note_off)
            last_note_off = note_off;
    }
}


Alg_events::~Alg_events()
{
    assert(!in_use);
    // individual events are not deleted, only the array
    if (events) {
        delete[] events;
    }
}


Alg_event_list::Alg_event_list(Alg_track *owner)
{
        events_owner = owner;
        sequence_number = owner->sequence_number;
        beat_dur = 0.0; real_dur = 0.0; type = 'e';
}


Alg_event_ptr &Alg_event_list::operator [](int i)
{
    assert(i >= 0 && i < len);
    return events[i];
}


Alg_event_list::~Alg_event_list()
{
    // note that the events contained in the list are not destroyed
}


void Alg_event_list::set_start_time(Alg_event *event, double t)
{
    // For Alg_event_list, find the owner and do the update there
    // For Alg_track, change the time and move the event to the right place
    // For Alg_seq, find the track and do the update there

    long index, i;
    Alg_track_ptr track_ptr;
    if (type == 'e') { // this is an Alg_event_list
        // make sure the owner has not changed its event set
        assert(events_owner &&
               sequence_number == events_owner->sequence_number);
        // do the update on the owner
        events_owner->set_start_time(event, t);
        return;
    } else if (type == 't') { // this is an Alg_track
        // find the event in the track
        track_ptr = (Alg_track_ptr) this;
        // this should be a binary search since events are in time order
        // probably there should be member function to do the search
        for (index = 0; index < length(); index++) {
            if ((*track_ptr)[index] == event) goto found_event;
        }
    } else { // type == 's', an Alg_seq
        Alg_seq_ptr seq = (Alg_seq_ptr) this;
        for (i = 0; i < seq->tracks(); i++) {
            track_ptr = seq->track(i);
            // if you implemented binary search, you could call it
            // instead of this loop too.
            for (index = 0; index < track_ptr->length(); index++) {
                if ((*track_ptr)[index] == event) goto found_event;
            }
        }
    }
    assert(false); // event not found seq or track!
  found_event:
    // at this point, track[index] == event
    // we could be clever and figure out exactly what notes to move
    // but it is simpler to just remove the event and reinsert it:
    track_ptr->uninsert(index);
    event->time = t;
    track_ptr->insert(event);
}


void Alg_beats::expand()
{
    maxlen = (maxlen + 5);   // extra growth for small sizes
    maxlen += (maxlen >> 2); // add 25%
    Alg_beat_ptr new_beats = new Alg_beat[maxlen];
    // now do copy
    memcpy(new_beats, beats, len * sizeof(Alg_beat));
    if (beats) delete[] beats;
    beats = new_beats;
}


void Alg_beats::insert(long i, Alg_beat_ptr beat)
{
    assert(i >= 0 && i <= len);
    if (maxlen <= len) {
        expand();
    }
    memmove(&beats[i + 1], &beats[i], sizeof(Alg_beat) * (len - i));
    memcpy(&beats[i], beat, sizeof(Alg_beat));
    len++;
}


Alg_time_map::Alg_time_map(Alg_time_map *map)
{
    refcount = 0;
    assert(map->beats[0].beat == 0 && map->beats[0].time == 0);
    assert(map->beats.len > 0);
    // new_beats[0] = map->beats[0];
       // this is commented because
       // both new_beats[0] and map->beats[0] should be (0, 0)
    for (int i = 1; i < map->beats.len; i++) {
        beats.insert(i, &map->beats[i]);
    }
    last_tempo = map->last_tempo;
    last_tempo_flag = map->last_tempo_flag;
}


void Alg_time_map::show()
{
    printf("Alg_time_map: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < beats.len; i++) {
        Alg_beat &b = beats[i];
        printf("(%g, %g) ", b.time, b.beat);
    }
    printf("last tempo: %g\n", last_tempo);
}


long Alg_time_map::locate_time(double time)
{
    int i = 0;
    while ((i < beats.len) && (time > beats[i].time)) {
        i++;
    }
    return i;
}


long Alg_time_map::locate_beat(double beat)
{
    int i = 0;
    while ((i < beats.len) && (beat > beats[i].beat)) {
        i++;
    }
    return i;
}


double Alg_time_map::beat_to_time(double beat)
{
    Alg_beat_ptr mbi;
    Alg_beat_ptr mbi1;
    if (beat <= 0) {
        return beat;
    }
    int i = locate_beat(beat);
    // case 1: beat is between two time/beat pairs
    if (0 < i && i < beats.len) {
        mbi = &beats[i - 1];
        mbi1 = &beats[i];
    // case 2: beat is beyond last time/beat pair
    } else if (i == beats.len) {
        if (last_tempo_flag) {
            return beats[i - 1].time +
                   (beat - beats[i - 1].beat) / last_tempo;
        } else if (i == 1) {
            return beat * 60.0 / ALG_DEFAULT_BPM;
                // so we use that as default allegro tempo too
        } else {
            mbi = &beats[i - 2];
            mbi1 = &beats[i - 1];
        }
    // case 3: beat is at time 0
    } else /* if (i == 0) */ {
        return beats[0].time;
    }
    // whether we extrapolate or interpolate, the math is the same
    double time_dif = mbi1->time - mbi->time;
    double beat_dif = mbi1->beat - mbi->beat;
    return mbi->time + (beat - mbi->beat) * time_dif / beat_dif;
}


double Alg_time_map::time_to_beat(double time)
{
    Alg_beat_ptr mbi;
    Alg_beat_ptr mbi1;
    if (time <= 0.0) return time;
    int i = locate_time(time);
    if (i == beats.len) {
        if (last_tempo_flag) {
            return beats[i - 1].beat +
                   (time - beats[i - 1].time) * last_tempo;
        } else if (i == 1) {
            return time * (ALG_DEFAULT_BPM / 60.0);
        } else {
            mbi = &beats[i - 2];
            mbi1 = &beats[i - 1];
        }
    } else {
        mbi = &beats[i - 1];
        mbi1 = & beats[i];
    }
    double time_dif = mbi1->time - mbi->time;
    double beat_dif = mbi1->beat - mbi->beat;
    return mbi->beat + (time - mbi->time) * beat_dif / time_dif;
}


void Alg_time_map::insert_beat(double time, double beat)
{
    int i = locate_time(time); // i is insertion point
    if (i < beats.len && within(beats[i].time, time, 0.000001)) {
        // replace beat if time is already in the map
        beats[i].beat = beat;
    } else {
        Alg_beat point;
        point.beat = beat;
        point.time = time;
        beats.insert(i, &point);
    }
    // beats[i] contains new beat
    // make sure we didn't generate a zero tempo.
    // if so, space beats by one microbeat as necessary
    long j = i;
    if (j == 0) j = 1; // do not adjust beats[0]
    while (j < beats.len &&
        beats[j - 1].beat + 0.000001 >= beats[j].beat) {
        beats[j].beat = beats[j - 1].beat + 0.000001;
        j++;
    }
}


bool Alg_time_map::insert_tempo(double tempo, double beat)
{
    tempo = tempo / 60.0; // convert to beats per second
    // change the tempo at the given beat until the next beat event
    if (beat < 0) return false;
    double time = beat_to_time(beat);
    long i = locate_time(time);
    if (i >= beats.len || !within(beats[i].time, time, 0.000001)) {
        insert_beat(time, beat);
    }
    // now i is index of beat where tempo will change
    if (i == beats.len - 1) {
        last_tempo = tempo;
        // printf("last_tempo to %g\n", last_tempo);
        last_tempo_flag = true;
    } else { // adjust all future beats
        // compute the difference in beats
        double diff = beats[i + 1].beat - beats[i].beat;
        // convert beat difference to seconds at new tempo
        diff = diff / tempo;
        // figure out old time difference:
        double old_diff = beats[i + 1].time - time;
        // compute difference too
        diff = diff - old_diff;
        // apply new_diff to score and beats
        i++;
        while (i < beats.len) {
            beats[i].time = beats[i].time + diff;
            i++;
        }
    }
    return true;
}


double Alg_time_map::get_tempo(double beat)
{
    Alg_beat_ptr mbi;
    Alg_beat_ptr mbi1;
    // if beat < 0, there is probably an error; return something nice anyway
    if (beat < 0) return ALG_DEFAULT_BPM / 60.0;
    long i = locate_beat(beat);
    // this code is similar to beat_to_time() so far, but we want to get
    // beyond beat if possible because we want the tempo FOLLOWING beat
    // (Consider the case beat == 0.0)
    if (i < beats.len && beat >= beats[i].beat) i++;
    // case 1: beat is between two time/beat pairs
    if (i < beats.len) {
        mbi = &beats[i - 1];
        mbi1 = &beats[i];
    // case 2: beat is beyond last time/beat pair
    } else /* if (i == beats.len) */ {
        if (last_tempo_flag) {
            return last_tempo;
        } else if (i == 1) {
            return ALG_DEFAULT_BPM / 60.0;
        } else {
            mbi = &beats[i - 2];
            mbi1 = &beats[i - 1];
        }
    }
    double time_dif = mbi1->time - mbi->time;
    double beat_dif = mbi1->beat - mbi->beat;
    return beat_dif / time_dif;
}


bool Alg_time_map::set_tempo(double tempo, double start_beat, double end_beat)
{
    if (start_beat >= end_beat) return false;
    // algorithm: insert a beat event if necessary at start_beat
    // and at end_beat
    // delete intervening map elements
    // change the tempo
    insert_beat(beat_to_time(start_beat), start_beat);
    insert_beat(beat_to_time(end_beat), end_beat);
    long start_x = locate_beat(start_beat) + 1;
    long stop_x = locate_beat(end_beat);
    while (stop_x < beats.len) {
        beats[start_x] = beats[stop_x];
        start_x++;
        stop_x++;
    }
    beats.len = start_x; // truncate the map to new length
    return insert_tempo(tempo, start_beat);
}


bool Alg_time_map::stretch_region(double b0, double b1, double dur)
{
    // find current duration
    double t0 = beat_to_time(b0);
    double t1 = beat_to_time(b1);
    double old_dur = t1 - t0;
    if (old_dur <= 0 || dur <= 0) return false;
    double scale = dur / old_dur; // larger scale => slower
    // insert a beat if necessary at b0 and b1
    insert_beat(t0, b0);
    insert_beat(t1, b1);
    long start_x = locate_beat(b0);
    long stop_x = locate_beat(b1);
    double orig_time = beats[start_x].time;
    double prev_time = orig_time;
    for (int i = start_x + 1; i < beats.len; i++) {
        double delta = beats[i].time - orig_time;
        if (i <= stop_x) { // change tempo to next Alg_beat
            delta *= scale;
        }
        orig_time = beats[i].time;
        prev_time += delta;
        beats[i].time = prev_time;
    }
    return true;
}


void Alg_time_map::trim(double start, double end, bool units_are_seconds)
{
    // extract the time map from start to end and shift to time zero
    // start and end are time in seconds if units_are_seconds is true
    int i = 0; // index into beats
    int start_index; // index of first breakpoint after start
    int count = 1;
    double initial_beat = start;
    double final_beat = end;
    if (units_are_seconds) {
        initial_beat = time_to_beat(start);
        final_beat = time_to_beat(end);
    } else {
        start = beat_to_time(initial_beat);
        end = beat_to_time(final_beat);
    }
    while (i < length() && beats[i].time < start) i++;
    // now i is index into beats of the first breakpoint after start
    // beats[0] is (0,0) and remains that way
    // copy beats[start_index] to beats[1], etc.
    // skip any beats at or near (start,initial_beat), using count
    // to keep track of how many entries there are
    start_index = i;
    while (i < length() && beats[i].time < end) {
        if (beats[i].time - start > ALG_EPS &&
            beats[i].beat - initial_beat > ALG_EPS) {
            beats[i].time = beats[i].time - start;
            beats[i].beat = beats[i].beat - initial_beat;
            beats[i - start_index + 1] = beats[i];
            count = count + 1;
        } else {
            start_index = start_index + 1;
        }
        i = i + 1;
    }
    // set last tempo data
    // we last examined beats[i-1] and copied it to
    //   beats[i - start_index]. Next tempo should come
    //   from beats[i] and store in beats[i - start_index + 1]
    // case 1: there is at least one breakpoint beyond end
    //         => interpolate to put a breakpoint at end
    // case 2: no more breakpoints => set last tempo data
    if (i < length()) {
        // we know beats[i].time >= end, so case 1 applies
        beats[i - start_index + 1].time = end - start;
        beats[i - start_index + 1].beat = final_beat - initial_beat;
        count = count + 1;
    }
    // else we'll just use stored last tempo (if any)
    beats.len = count;
}


void Alg_time_map::cut(double start, double len, bool units_are_seconds)
{
    // remove portion of time map from start to start + len,
    // shifting the tail left by len. start and len are in whatever
    // units the score is in. If you cut the time_map as well as cut
    // the tracks of the sequence, then sequences will preserve the
    // association between tempo changes and events
    double end = start + len;
    double initial_beat = start;
    double final_beat = end;
    int i = 0;

    if (units_are_seconds) {
        initial_beat = time_to_beat(start);
        final_beat = time_to_beat(end);
    } else {
        start = beat_to_time(initial_beat);
        end = beat_to_time(final_beat);
        len = end - start;
    }
    double beat_len = final_beat - initial_beat;

    while (i < length() && beats[i].time < start - ALG_EPS) {
        i = i + 1;
    }

    // if no beats exist at or after start, just return; nothing to cut
    if (i == length()) return;

    // now i is index into beats of the first breakpoint on or
    // after start, insert (start, initial_beat) in map
    if (i < length() && within(beats[i].time, start, ALG_EPS)) {
        // perterb time map slightly (within alg_eps) to place
        // break point exactly at the start time
        beats[i].time = start;
        beats[i].beat = initial_beat;
    } else {
        Alg_beat point(start, initial_beat);
        beats.insert(i, &point);
    }
    // now, we're correct up to beats[i] and beats[i] happens at start.
    // find first beat after end so we can start shifting from there
    i = i + 1;
    int start_index = i;
    while (i < length() && beats[i].time < end + ALG_EPS) i++;
    // now beats[i] is the next point to be included in beats
    // but from i onward, we must shift by (-len, -beat_len)
    while (i < length()) {
        Alg_beat &b = beats[i];
        b.time = b.time - len;
        b.beat = b.beat - beat_len;
        beats[start_index] = b;
        i = i + 1;
        start_index = start_index + 1;
    }
    beats.len = start_index;
}


void Alg_time_map::paste(double beat, Alg_track *tr)
{
    // insert a given time map at a given time and dur (in beats)
    Alg_time_map_ptr from_map = tr->get_time_map();
    // printf("time map paste\nfrom map\n");
    // from_map->show();
    // printf("to map\n");
    // show();
    Alg_beats &from = from_map->beats;
    double time = beat_to_time(beat);
    // Locate the point at which dur occurs
    double dur = tr->get_beat_dur();
    double tr_end_time = from_map->beat_to_time(dur);
    // add offset to make room for insert
    int i = locate_beat(beat);
    while (i < length()) {
        beats[i].beat += dur;
        beats[i].time += tr_end_time;
        i++;
    }
    // printf("after opening up\n");
    // show();
    // insert point at beginning and end of paste
    insert_beat(time, beat);
    // printf("after beginning point insert\n");
    // show();
    // insert_beat(time + tr_end_time, beat + dur);
    // printf("after ending point insert\n");
    // show();
    int j = from_map->locate_beat(dur);
    for (i = 0; i < j; i++) {
        insert_beat(from[i].time + time,  // shift by time
                    from[i].beat + beat); // and beat
    }
    // printf("after inserts\n");
    show();
}


void Alg_time_map::insert_time(double start, double len)
{
    // find time,beat pair that determines tempo at start
    // compute beat offset = (delta beat / delta time) * len
    // add len,beat offset to each following Alg_beat
    // show();
    int i = locate_time(start); // start <= beats[i].time
    if (beats[i].time == start) i++; // start < beats[i].time
    // case 1: between beats
    if (i > 0 && i < length()) {
        double beat_offset = len * (beats[i].beat - beats[i-1].beat) /
                                   (beats[i].time - beats[i-1].time);
        while (i < length()) {
            beats[i].beat += beat_offset;
            beats[i].time += len;
            i++;
        }
    } // otherwise, last tempo is in effect; nothing to do
    // printf("time_map AFTER INSERT\n");
    // show();
}


void Alg_time_map::insert_beats(double start, double len)
{
    int i = locate_beat(start); // start <= beats[i].beat
    if (beats[i].beat == start) i++;
    if (i > 0 && i < length()) {
        double time_offset = len * (beats[i].time - beats[i-1].time) /
                                   (beats[i].beat - beats[i-1].beat);
        while (i < length()) {
            beats[i].time += time_offset;
            beats[i].beat += len;
            i++;
        }
    } // otherwise, last tempo is in effect; nothing to do
    // printf("time_map AFTER INSERT\n");
    // show();
}


Alg_track::Alg_track(Alg_time_map *map, bool seconds)
{
    type = 't';
    time_map = NULL;
    units_are_seconds = seconds;
    set_time_map(map);
}


Alg_event_ptr Alg_track::copy_event(Alg_event_ptr event)
{
    Alg_event *new_event;
    if (event->is_note()) {
        new_event = new Alg_note((Alg_note_ptr) event);
    } else { // update
        new_event = new Alg_update((Alg_update_ptr) event);
    }
    return new_event;
}


Alg_track::Alg_track(Alg_track &track)
{
    type = 't';
    time_map = NULL;
    for (int i = 0; i < track.length(); i++) {
      append(copy_event(track.events[i]));
    }
    set_time_map(track.time_map);
    units_are_seconds = track.units_are_seconds;
}


Alg_track::Alg_track(Alg_event_list_ref event_list, Alg_time_map_ptr map,
                     bool units_are_seconds)
{
    type = 't';
    time_map = NULL;
    for (int i = 0; i < event_list.length(); i++) {
        append(copy_event(event_list[i]));
    }
    set_time_map(map);
    this->units_are_seconds = units_are_seconds;
}


void Alg_track::serialize(void **buffer, long *bytes)
{
    // first determine whether this is a seq or a track.
    // if it is a seq, then we will write the time map and a set of tracks
    // if it is a track, we just write the track data and not the time map
    //
    // The code will align doubles on ALIGN boundaries, and longs and
    // floats are aligned to multiples of 4 bytes.
    //
    // The format for a seq is:
    //   'ALGS' -- indicates that this is a sequence
    //   long length of all seq data in bytes starting with 'ALGS'
    //   long channel_offset_per_track
    //   long units_are_seconds
    //   time_map:
    //      double last_tempo
    //      long last_tempo_flag
    //      long len -- number of tempo changes
    //      for each tempo change (Alg_beat):
    //         double time
    //         double beat
    //   time_sigs:
    //      long len -- number of time_sigs
    //      long pad
    //      for each time signature:
    //         double beat
    //         double num
    //         double den
    //   tracks:
    //      long len -- number of tracks
    //      long pad
    //      for each track:
    //         'ALGT' -- indicates this is a track
    //         long length of all track data in bytes starting with 'ALGT'
    //         long units_are_seconds
    //         double beat_dur
    //         double real_dur
    //         long len -- number of events
    //         for each event:
    //            long selected
    //            long type
    //            long key
    //            long channel
    //            double time
    //            if this is a note:
    //               double pitch
    //               double dur
    //               double loud
    //               long len -- number of parameters
    //               for each parameter:
    //                  char attribute[] with zero pad to ALIGN
    //                  one of the following, depending on type:
    //                     double r
    //                     char s[] terminated by zero
    //                     long i
    //                     long l
    //                     char a[] terminated by zero
    //               zero pad to ALIGN
    //            else if this is an update
    //               (same representation as parameter above)
    //               zero pad to ALIGN
    //
    // The format for a track is given within the Seq format above
    assert(get_type() == 't');
    ser_write_buf.init_for_write();
    serialize_track();
    *buffer = ser_write_buf.to_heap(bytes);
}


void Alg_seq::serialize(void **buffer, long *bytes)
{
    assert(get_type() == 's');
    ser_write_buf.init_for_write();
    serialize_seq();
    *buffer = ser_write_buf.to_heap(bytes);
}


void Serial_write_buffer::check_buffer(long needed)
{
    if (len < (ptr - buffer) + needed) { // do we need more space?
        long new_len = len * 2; // exponential growth is important
        // initially, length is zero, so bump new_len to a starting value
        if (new_len == 0) new_len = 1024;
         // make sure new_len is as big as needed
        if (needed > new_len) new_len = needed;
        char *new_buffer = new char[new_len]; // allocate space
        ptr = new_buffer + (ptr - buffer); // relocate ptr to new buffer
        if (len > 0) { // we had a buffer already
            memcpy(new_buffer, buffer, len); // copy from old buffer
            delete buffer; // free old buffer
        }
        buffer = new_buffer; // update buffer information
        len = new_len;
    }
}


void Alg_seq::serialize_seq()
{
    int i; // loop counters
    // we can easily compute how much buffer space we need until we
    // get to tracks, so expand at least that much
    long needed = 64 + 16 * time_map->beats.len + 24 * time_sig.length();
    ser_write_buf.check_buffer(needed);
    ser_write_buf.set_char('A');
    ser_write_buf.set_char('L');
    ser_write_buf.set_char('G');
    ser_write_buf.set_char('S');
    long length_offset = ser_write_buf.get_posn();
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(0); // leave room to come back and write length
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(channel_offset_per_track);
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(units_are_seconds);
    ser_write_buf.set_double(beat_dur);
    ser_write_buf.set_double(real_dur);
    ser_write_buf.set_double(time_map->last_tempo);
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(time_map->last_tempo_flag);
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(time_map->beats.len);
    for (i = 0; i < time_map->beats.len; i++) {
        ser_write_buf.set_double(time_map->beats[i].time);
        ser_write_buf.set_double(time_map->beats[i].beat);
    }
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(time_sig.length());
    ser_write_buf.pad();
    for (i = 0; i < time_sig.length(); i++) {
        ser_write_buf.set_double(time_sig[i].beat);
        ser_write_buf.set_double(time_sig[i].num);
        ser_write_buf.set_double(time_sig[i].den);
    }
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(tracks());
    ser_write_buf.pad();
    for (i = 0; i < tracks(); i++) {
        track(i)->serialize_track();
    }
    // do not include ALGS, include padding at end
    ser_write_buf.store_long(length_offset, ser_write_buf.get_posn() - length_offset);
}


void Alg_track::serialize_track()
{
    // to simplify the code, copy from parameter addresses to locals
    int j;
    ser_write_buf.check_buffer(32);
    ser_write_buf.set_char('A');
    ser_write_buf.set_char('L');
    ser_write_buf.set_char('G');
    ser_write_buf.set_char('T');
    long length_offset = ser_write_buf.get_posn(); // save location for track length
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(0); // room to write track length
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(units_are_seconds);
    ser_write_buf.set_double(beat_dur);
    ser_write_buf.set_double(real_dur);
    ser_write_buf.set_int32(len);
    for (j = 0; j < len; j++) {
        ser_write_buf.check_buffer(24);
        Alg_event *event = (*this)[j];
        ser_write_buf.set_int32(event->get_selected());
        ser_write_buf.set_int32(event->get_type());
        ser_write_buf.set_int32(event->get_identifier());
        ser_write_buf.set_int32(event->chan);
        ser_write_buf.set_double(event->time);
        if (event->is_note()) {
            ser_write_buf.check_buffer(20);
            Alg_note *note = (Alg_note *) event;
            ser_write_buf.set_float(note->pitch);
            ser_write_buf.set_float(note->loud);
            ser_write_buf.set_double(note->dur);
            long parm_num_offset = ser_write_buf.get_posn();
            long parm_num = 0;
            ser_write_buf.set_int32(0); // placeholder for no. parameters
            Alg_parameters_ptr parms = note->parameters;
            while (parms) {
                serialize_parameter(&(parms->parm));
                parms = parms->next;
                parm_num++;
            }
            ser_write_buf.store_long(parm_num_offset, parm_num);
        } else {
            assert(event->is_update());
            Alg_update *update = (Alg_update *) event;
            serialize_parameter(&(update->parameter));
        }
        ser_write_buf.check_buffer(7); // maximum padding possible
        ser_write_buf.pad();
    }
    // write length, not including ALGT, including padding at end
    ser_write_buf.store_long(length_offset, ser_write_buf.get_posn() - length_offset);
}


void Alg_track::serialize_parameter(Alg_parameter *parm)
{
    // add eight to account for name + zero end-of-string and the
    // possibility of adding 7 padding bytes
    long len = strlen(parm->attr_name()) + 8;
    ser_write_buf.check_buffer(len);
    ser_write_buf.set_string(parm->attr_name());
    ser_write_buf.pad();
    switch (parm->attr_type()) {
    case 'r':
        ser_write_buf.check_buffer(8);
        ser_write_buf.set_double(parm->r);
        break;
    case 's':
        ser_write_buf.check_buffer(strlen(parm->s) + 1);
        ser_write_buf.set_string(parm->s);
        break;
    case 'i':
        ser_write_buf.check_buffer(4);
        ser_write_buf.set_int32(parm->i);
        break;
    case 'l':
        ser_write_buf.check_buffer(4);
        ser_write_buf.set_int32(parm->l);
        break;
    case 'a':
        ser_write_buf.check_buffer(strlen(parm->a) + 1);
        ser_write_buf.set_string(parm->a);
        break;
    }
}



Alg_track *Alg_track::unserialize(void *buffer, long len)
{
    assert(len > 8);
    ser_read_buf.init_for_read(buffer, len);
    bool alg = ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'A' &&
               ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'L' &&
               ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'G';
    assert(alg);
    char c = ser_read_buf.get_char();
    if (c == 'S') {
        Alg_seq *seq = new Alg_seq;
        ser_read_buf.unget_chars(4); // undo get_char() of A,L,G,S
        seq->unserialize_seq();
        return seq;
    } else {
        assert(c == 'T');
        Alg_track *track = new Alg_track;
        ser_read_buf.unget_chars(4); // undo get_char() of A,L,G,T
        track->unserialize_track();
        return track;
    }
}


#pragma warning(disable: 4800) // long to bool performance warning

/* Note: this Alg_seq must have a default initialized Alg_time_map.
 * It will be filled in with data from the ser_read_buf buffer.
 */
void Alg_seq::unserialize_seq()
{
    ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(48);
    bool algs = (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'A') &&
                (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'L') &&
                (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'G') &&
                (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'S');
    assert(algs);
    long len = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    assert(ser_read_buf.get_len() >= len);
    channel_offset_per_track = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    units_are_seconds = ser_read_buf.get_int32() != 0;
    beat_dur = ser_read_buf.get_double();
    real_dur = ser_read_buf.get_double();
    // no need to allocate an Alg_time_map since it's done during initialization
    time_map->last_tempo = ser_read_buf.get_double();
    time_map->last_tempo_flag = ser_read_buf.get_int32() != 0;
    long beats = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(beats * 16 + 4);
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < beats; i++) {
        double time = ser_read_buf.get_double();
        double beat = ser_read_buf.get_double();
        time_map->insert_beat(time, beat);
        // printf("time_map: %g, %g\n", time, beat);
    }
    long time_sig_len = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    ser_read_buf.get_pad();
    ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(time_sig_len * 24 + 8);
    for (i = 0; i < time_sig_len; i++) {
        double beat = ser_read_buf.get_double();
        double num = ser_read_buf.get_double();
        double den = ser_read_buf.get_double();
        time_sig.insert(beat, num, den);
    }
    long tracks_num = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    ser_read_buf.get_pad();
    add_track(tracks_num - 1); // create tracks_num tracks
    for (i = 0; i < tracks_num; i++) {
        track(i)->unserialize_track();
    }
    // assume seq started at beginning of buffer. len measures
    // bytes after 'ALGS' header, so add 4 bytes and compare to
    // current buffer position -- they should agree
    assert(ser_read_buf.get_posn() == len + 4);
}


void Alg_track::unserialize_track()
{
    ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(32);
    bool algt = (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'A') &&
                (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'L') &&
                (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'G') &&
                (ser_read_buf.get_char() == 'T');
    assert(algt);
    long offset = ser_read_buf.get_posn(); // stored length does not include 'ALGT'
    long bytes = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    assert(bytes <= ser_read_buf.get_len() - offset);
    units_are_seconds = (bool) ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    beat_dur = ser_read_buf.get_double();
    real_dur = ser_read_buf.get_double();
    int event_count = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
    for (int i = 0; i < event_count; i++) {
        ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(24);
        long selected = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
        char type = (char) ser_read_buf.get_int32();
        long key = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
        long channel = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
        double time = ser_read_buf.get_double();
        if (type == 'n') {
            ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(20);
            float pitch = ser_read_buf.get_float();
            float loud = ser_read_buf.get_float();
            double dur = ser_read_buf.get_double();
            Alg_note *note =
                    create_note(time, channel, key, pitch, loud, dur);
            note->set_selected(selected != 0);
            long param_num = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
            int j;
            // this builds a list of parameters in the correct order
            // (although order shouldn't matter)
            Alg_parameters_ptr *list = &note->parameters;
            for (j = 0; j < param_num; j++) {
                *list = new Alg_parameters(NULL);
                unserialize_parameter(&((*list)->parm));
                list = &((*list)->next);
            }
            append(note);
        } else {
            assert(type == 'u');
            Alg_update *update = create_update(time, channel, key);
            update->set_selected(selected != 0);
            unserialize_parameter(&(update->parameter));
            append(update);
        }
        ser_read_buf.get_pad();
    }
    assert(offset + bytes == ser_read_buf.get_posn());
}


void Alg_track::unserialize_parameter(Alg_parameter_ptr parm_ptr)
{
    Alg_attribute attr = ser_read_buf.get_string();
    parm_ptr->attr = symbol_table.insert_string(attr);
    switch (parm_ptr->attr_type()) {
    case 'r':
        ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(8);
        parm_ptr->r = ser_read_buf.get_double();
        break;
    case 's':
        parm_ptr->s = heapify(ser_read_buf.get_string());
        break;
    case 'i':
        ser_read_buf.check_input_buffer(4);
        parm_ptr->i = ser_read_buf.get_int32();
        break;
    case…