/www/tags/NOV_07_2009/htdocs/42docs/users-guide/text-edit.xml
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- <!-- jEdit buffer-local properties: -->
- <!-- :tabSize=1:indentSize=1:noTabs=true:wrap=soft:maxLineLen=80: -->
- <!-- :xml.root=users-guide.xml: -->
- <chapter id="editing"><title>Editing Text</title>
- <sect1 id="caret"><title>Moving The Caret</title>
- <para>
- The simplest way to move the caret is to click the
- mouse at the desired location in the text area. The caret can also be moved
- using the keyboard.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <keycap>LEFT</keycap>, <keycap>RIGHT</keycap>, <keycap>UP</keycap> and
- <keycap>DOWN</keycap> keys move the caret in the respective direction, and
- the <keycap>PAGE_UP</keycap> and <keycap>PAGE_DOWN</keycap> keys move the
- caret up and down one screenful, respectively.
- </para>
- <para>
- When pressed once, the <keycap>HOME</keycap> key moves the caret to the first
- non-whitespace character of the current screen line. Pressing it a second
- time moves the caret to the beginning of the current buffer line. Pressing it
- a third time moves the caret to the first visible line.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <keycap>END</keycap> key behaves in a
- similar manner, going to the last non-whitespace character of the current
- screen line, the end of
- the current buffer line, and finally to the last visible line.
- </para>
- <para>
- If soft wrap is disabled, a <quote>screen line</quote> is the
- same as a <quote>buffer line</quote>. If soft wrap is enabled,
- a screen line is a section of a newline-delimited buffer line that fits
- within the wrap margin width. See <xref linkend="word-wrap"/>.
- </para>
- <para>
- <keycap>C+HOME</keycap> and
- <keycap>C+END</keycap> move the
- caret to the beginning and end of the buffer, respectively.
- </para>
- <para>
- More advanced caret movement is covered in
- <xref linkend="words" />, <xref linkend="lines" /> and
- <xref linkend="paragraphs" />.
- </para>
- <sidebar><title>The Home and End keys</title>
- <para>
- If you prefer more traditional behavior for the
- <keycap>HOME</keycap> and <keycap>END</keycap> keys, you can reassign
- the respective keyboard shortcuts in the <guibutton>Shortcuts</guibutton>
- pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>; see <xref linkend="shortcuts-pane"/>.
- </para>
- <para>
- By default, the shortcuts are assigned as follows:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para><keycap>HOME</keycap> is bound to <guimenuitem>Smart
- Home</guimenuitem>.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><keycap>END</keycap> is bound to <guimenuitem>Smart
- End</guimenuitem>.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><keycap>S+HOME</keycap> is bound to <guimenuitem>Select to Smart
- Home Position</guimenuitem>.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><keycap>S+END</keycap> is bound to <guimenuitem>Select to Smart
- End Position</guimenuitem>.</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>
- However you can rebind them to anything you want, for example, various
- combinations of the following, or indeed any other command or macro:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para><guimenuitem>Go to Start/End of White Space</guimenuitem>.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><guimenuitem>Go to Start/End of Line</guimenuitem>.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><guimenuitem>Go to Start/End of Buffer</guimenuitem>.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para><guimenuitem>Select to Start/End of White Space
- </guimenuitem>.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><guimenuitem>Select to Start/End of Line</guimenuitem>.</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para><guimenuitem>Select to Start/End of Buffer</guimenuitem>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sidebar>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="selection"><title>Selecting Text</title>
- <para>
- A <firstterm>selection</firstterm> is a block of text marked for further
- manipulation. Range selections are equivalent to selections in most other text editors; they cover text between two points in a buffer. jEdit also allows rectangular selections that cover a rectangular area (some text editors refer to these as <quote>column selections</quote>). Furthermore, several chunks of text can be
- selected and operated on simultaneously.
- </para>
- <sect2><title>Range Selection</title>
- <para>
- Dragging the mouse creates a range selection from where the mouse was
- pressed to where it was released.
- Holding down <keycap>Shift</keycap> while clicking a location in the
- buffer will create a selection from the caret position to the clicked
- location.
- </para>
- <para>
- Holding down <keycap>Shift</keycap> in addition to a caret movement key
- (<keycap>LEFT</keycap>, <keycap>UP</keycap>, <keycap>HOME</keycap>, etc) will
- extend a selection in the specified direction.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Select All</guimenuitem> (shortcut:
- <keycap>C+a</keycap>) selects the
- entire buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Select None</guimenuitem> (shortcut:
- <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap>) deactivates the selection.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="rect-select"><title>Rectangular Selection</title>
- <para>
- Dragging with the <keycap>Control</keycap> key held down will create a
- rectangular selection. Holding down
- <keycap>Shift</keycap> and <keycap>Control</keycap> while clicking a
- location in the buffer will create a rectangular selection from the caret
- position to the clicked location.
- </para>
- <para>
- Alternatively, invoking
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More
- Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Rectangular Selection</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>A+\</keycap>)
- toggles rectangular selection mode. In rectangular selection mode, dragging the mouse always creates a rectangular selection, and keyboard commands that would normally create a range selection create a rectangular selection instead.
- A status bar indicator is shown when this mode is enabled.
- </para>
- <para>
- It is possible to select a rectangle with zero width but non-zero height.
- This can be used to insert a new column between two existing
- columns, for example. Such zero-width selections are shown as a thin
- vertical line.
- </para>
- <para>
- Inserting text into a rectangular selection repeats the text going down as many times as necessary, and shifts the selection to the right. This makes it behave like a <quote>tall</quote> caret.
- </para>
- <para>
- Rectangles can be deleted, copied, pasted, and operated on using ordinary
- editing commands. If necessary, rectangular selections are automatically filled in with whitespace to maintain alignment.
- </para>
- <para>
- Rectangular selections can extend beyond the end of a line into
- <quote>virtual space</quote>. Furthermore,
- if keyboard rectangular selection mode is on or if the
- <keycap>Control</keycap> key is being held down, clicking beyond the
- end of a line will insert the appropriate amount of whitespace in order
- to position the cursor at the clicked location.
- </para>
- <note>
- <para>
- Rectangular selections are implemented using character offsets,
- not absolute screen positions, so they might not behave as you might
- expect if a proportional-width font is being used or if soft wrap is
- enabled. The text area font can be changed in the
- <guibutton>Text Area</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box. For information about soft wrap,
- see <xref linkend="word-wrap" />.
- </para>
- </note>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="multi-select"><title>Multiple Selection</title>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More
- Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Multiple Selection</guimenuitem>
- (keyboard shortcut: <keycap>C+\</keycap>)
- turns multiple selection mode on and
- off. In multiple selection mode, multiple fragments of text can be selected
- and operated on simultaneously, and the caret can be moved independently
- of the selection. The status bar indicates if multiple
- selection mode is active; see <xref linkend="status-bar"/>.
- </para>
- <para>
- Various jEdit commands behave differently with multiple selections:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>Commands that copy text place the contents of
- each selection, separated by line breaks, in the specified register.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Commands that insert (or paste) text replace each selection
- with the entire text that is being inserted.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Commands that filter text (such as <guimenuitem>Spaces to
- Tabs</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Range Comment</guimenuitem>,
- <guimenuitem>Replace in Selection</guimenuitem>, and so on) behave as if
- each block was selected independently, and the command invoked on each in
- turn.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Line-based commands (such as <guimenuitem>Shift Indent
- Left</guimenuitem>, <guimenuitem>Shift Indent Right</guimenuitem>, and
- <guimenuitem>Line Comment</guimenuitem>) operate on each line that contains
- at least one selection.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Caret movement commands that would normally deactivate the
- selection (such as the arrow keys, while <keycap>Shift</keycap> is not being
- held down), move the caret, leaving the selection as-is.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Some older plugins may not support multiple selection at
- all.</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More
- Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Select None</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap>) deactivates the selection containing the
- caret, if there is one. Otherwise it deactivates all active selections.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More
- Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Invert Selection</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+i</keycap>) selects a set of text chunks such that all text
- that was formerly part of a selection is now unselected, and all text that
- wasn't, is selected.
- </para>
- <note>
- <para>
- Deactivating multiple selection
- mode while multiple blocks of text are selected will leave the selections
- in place, but you will not be able to add new selections until
- multiple selection mode is reactivated.
- </para>
- </note>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="entering-text"><title>Inserting and Deleting Text</title>
- <para>
- Text entered at the keyboard is inserted into the buffer. In overwrite mode, which can be toggled by pressing <keycap>INSERT</keycap>, one character is deleted from in
- front of the caret position for every character that is inserted. The caret is
- drawn as horizontal line while overwrite
- mode is active. The status bar also indicates if overwrite mode is active; see
- <xref linkend="status-bar"/> for details.
- </para>
- <para>
- Inserting text while there is a selection will replace the selection
- with the inserted text.
- </para>
- <para>
- When inserting text, the <keycap>TAB</keycap> and
- <keycap>ENTER</keycap> keys might
- not behave entirely like you expect because of various indentation
- features; see <xref linkend="indent" /> for details.
- </para>
- <para>
- The simplest way to delete text is with the
- <keycap>BACKSPACE</keycap> and <keycap>DELETE</keycap> keys. If nothing is
- selected, they delete the character before or after the caret,
- respectively. If a selection exists, both delete the
- selection.
- </para>
- <para>
- More advanced deletion commands are described in
- <xref linkend="words" />, <xref linkend="lines" /> and
- <xref linkend="paragraphs" />.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="undo-redo"><title>Undo and Redo</title>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Undo</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+z</keycap>) reverses the
- most recent editing command. For example, this can be
- used to restore unintentionally deleted text. More complicated operations,
- such as a search and replace, can also be undone.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you undo too many changes,
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Redo</guimenuitem> (shortcut:
- <keycap>C+e C+z</keycap>) can restore
- the changes again. For example, if some
- text was inserted, <guimenuitem>Undo</guimenuitem> will remove it from the
- buffer. <guimenuitem>Redo</guimenuitem> will insert it again.
- </para>
- <para>
- By default, the last 100 edits is retained; older edits cannot be undone.
- The maximum number of undos can be changed in the <guibutton>Editing</guibutton> pane
- of the <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global
- Options</guimenuitem> dialog box; see <xref linkend="editing-pane"/>.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="words"><title>Working With Words</title>
- <para>
- <keycap>C+LEFT</keycap> and <keycap>C+RIGHT</keycap>
- move the caret a word at
- a time. Holding down <keycap>Shift</keycap> in addition to the above
- extends the selection a word at a time.
- </para>
- <para>
- A single word can be selected by double-clicking with the mouse,
- or using the
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More
- Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Select
- Word</guimenuitem> command (shortcut: <keycap>C+e w</keycap>).
- A selection that begins and ends on word boundaries can be created by
- double-clicking and dragging.
- </para>
- <para>
- <keycap>C+BACKSPACE</keycap> and <keycap>C+DELETE</keycap>
- delete the word
- before or after the caret, respectively.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Complete Word</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+b</keycap>) locates
- possible completions for the word at the caret, first by looking in the
- current edit mode's syntax highlighting
- keyword list, and then in the current buffer for words that begin with the
- word at the caret. This serves as a very basic code completion feature.
- </para>
- <para>
- If there is only one completion, it will be inserted into the buffer
- immediately.
- </para>
- <para>
- If multiple completions were found, the longest common prefix is inserted into the buffer, and a popup is shown below
- the caret position listing the completions.
- </para>
- <para>
- To insert a completion from the list, either select it using the <keycap>UP</keycap> and <keycap>DOWN</keycap> keys and
- press <keycap>ENTER</keycap>, press a digit to insert one of the first
- ten completions (1 is the first completion; 9 is the 9th; 0 is the 10th),
- or click the desired completion with the mouse. To close the popup without inserting a
- completion, press <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap>.
- </para>
- <para>
- Typing while the popup is
- visible will automatically update the popup and narrow the set of
- completions as necessary.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Word Count</guimenuitem>
- displays a dialog box with the number of characters,
- words and lines in the current buffer.
- </para>
- <sect2><title>What's a Word?</title>
- <para>
- The default behavior of the
- <keycap>C+LEFT</keycap>,
- <keycap>C+RIGHT</keycap>,
- <keycap>C+BACKSPACE</keycap> and <keycap>C+DELETE</keycap> commands is to
- stop both at the beginning and the end of each word. However this can be
- changed by remapping these keystrokes to alternative actions whose names end
- with <guimenuitem>(Eat Whitespace)</guimenuitem> in the
- <guibutton>Shortcuts</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box; see <xref linkend="shortcuts-pane"/>.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="lines"><title>Working With Lines</title>
- <para>
- An entire line can be selected by triple-clicking with the mouse,
- or using the
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More
- Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Select
- Line</guimenuitem> command (shortcut: <keycap>C+e l</keycap>).
- A selection that begins and ends on line boundaries can be created
- by triple-clicking and dragging.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Line</guimenuitem> (shortcut:
- <keycap>C+l</keycap>) prompts
- for a line number and moves the caret there.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More
- Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Select Line Range</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+l</keycap>)
- prompts for two line numbers and selects all text between them.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Text</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Delete
- Line</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+d</keycap>)
- deletes the current line.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Text</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Delete
- to Start Of Line</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>CS+BACK_SPACE</keycap>)
- deletes all text from the start of the current line to the caret.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Text</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Delete
- to End Of Line</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>CS+DELETE</keycap>) deletes
- all text from the caret to the end of the current line.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Text</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Join
- Lines</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+j</keycap>)
- removes any whitespace from the start of the next line and joins it with
- the current line.
- The caret is moved to the position where the two lines were joined.
- For example, if you invoke <guimenuitem>Join Lines</guimenuitem>
- with the caret on the first line of the following Java code:
- </para>
- <screen>new Widget(Foo
- .createDefaultFoo());</screen>
- <para>
- It will be changed to:
- </para>
- <screen>new Widget(Foo.createDefaultFoo());</screen>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="paragraphs"><title>Working With Paragraphs</title>
- <para>
- As far as jEdit is concerned, <quote>paragraphs</quote> are delimited by
- double newlines. This is also how <application>TeX</application>
- defines a paragraph. Note that jEdit doesn't parse HTML files for
- <quote><P></quote> tags, nor does it support paragraphs delimited only
- by a leading indent.
- </para>
- <para>
- <keycap>C+UP</keycap> and <keycap>C+DOWN</keycap>
- move the caret to the previous and next paragraph, respectively.
- Holding down <keycap>Shift</keycap> in addition to the above
- extends the selection a paragraph at a time.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Selection</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Select
- Paragraph</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+e p</keycap>)
- selects the paragraph containing the caret.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Text</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Format
- Paragraph</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+e f</keycap>) splits and joins lines in the current
- selection to make it fit within the wrap column position. If nothing is selected, the paragraph containing the caret is formatted instead. See
- <xref linkend="word-wrap" /> for information and word wrap and
- changing the wrap column.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Text</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Delete
- Paragraph</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+e d</keycap>)
- deletes the paragraph containing the caret.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="word-wrap"><title>Wrapping Long Lines</title>
- <para>
- The <firstterm>word wrap</firstterm> feature splits lines at word
- boundaries in
- order to fit text within a specified wrap margin.
- The wrap margin
- position is indicated in the text are as a faint blue vertical line.
- There are two <quote>wrap modes</quote>, <quote>soft</quote> and
- <quote>hard</quote>; they are described below. The current wrap mode is shown in the status bar; see <xref linkend="status-bar"/>. The wrap mode can be
- changed in one of the following ways:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>On a global or mode-specific
- basis in the
- <guibutton>Editing</guibutton> pane
- of the <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box. See <xref linkend="editing-pane" />.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>In the current buffer
- for the duration of the editing session,</para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>By clicking the status bar indicator.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>In the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Buffer Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box. See <xref linkend="buffer-opts" />.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>From the keyboard, if a keyboard shortcut has been assigned to the <guimenuitem>Toggle Word Wrap</guimenuitem> command in the <guibutton>Shortcuts</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box. By default, this command does not have a keyboard shortcut.</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para>In the current buffer
- for future editing sessions by placing
- the following in one of the first or last 10 lines of the buffer, where
- <replaceable>mode</replaceable> is either <quote>none</quote>, <quote>soft</quote> or
- <quote>hard</quote>, and
- <replaceable>column</replaceable> is the desired wrap margin:
- </para>
- <screen>:wrap=<replaceable>mode</replaceable>:maxLineLen=<replaceable>column</replaceable>:</screen>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <sect2><title>Soft Wrap</title>
- <para>
- In soft wrap mode, lines are automatically wrapped when displayed on screen.
- Newlines are not inserted at the wrap positions, and the wrapping is
- automatically updated when text is inserted or removed.
- </para>
- <para>
- If end of line markers are enabled in the <guibutton>Text Area</guibutton>
- pane of the <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box, a colon (<quote>:</quote>) is painted at the end of wrapped lines. See <xref linkend="text-area-pane"/>.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2><title>Hard Wrap</title>
- <para>
- In hard wrap mode,
- inserting text at the end of a line will automatically break the line if
- it extends beyond the wrap margin. Inserting or removing text in the middle
- of a line has no effect, however text can be re-wrapped using the
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Text</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Format
- Paragraph</guimenuitem> command. See <xref linkend="paragraphs"/>.
- </para>
- <para>
- Hard wrap is implemented using character offsets, not screen
- positions, so it might not behave like you expect if a
- proportional-width font is being used. The text area font can be changed in the
- <guibutton>Text Area</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="scrolling"><title>Scrolling</title>
- <para>
- If you have a mouse with a scroll wheel and are running Java 2
- version 1.4, you can use the
- wheel to scroll up and down in the text area. Various modifier keys
- change the action of the wheel:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para><keycap>Shift</keycap> - scrolls an entire page at a time.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><keycap>Control</keycap> - scrolls a single line at a time.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><keycap>Alt</keycap> - moves the caret up and down instead of scrolling.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><keycombo><keycap>Alt</keycap><keycap>Shift</keycap></keycombo>
- - extends the selection up and down instead of scrolling.</para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>
- Keyboard commands for scrolling the text area are also available.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Scrolling</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Scroll to
- Current Line</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+j</keycap>) scrolls the
- text area in order to make the caret visible, if necessary. It does nothing if the
- caret is already visible.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Scrolling</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Center Caret
- on Screen</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+n</keycap>)
- moves the caret to the
- line in the middle of the screen.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Scrolling</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Line
- Scroll Up</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+QUOTE</keycap>)
- scrolls the text area up by one line.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Scrolling</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Line
- Scroll Down</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+SLASH</keycap>) scrolls the
- text area down by one line.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Scrolling</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Page
- Scroll Up</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>A+QUOTE</keycap>) scrolls the text
- area up by one screenful.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>View</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Scrolling</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Page
- Scroll Down</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>A+SLASH</keycap>) scrolls the text
- area down by one screenful.
- </para>
- <para>
- The above scrolling commands differ from the caret movement commands
- in that they don't actually move the caret; they just change the
- scroll bar position.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="text-transfer"><title>Transferring Text</title>
- <para>
- jEdit provides a rich set of commands for moving and copying text. Commands
- are provided for moving chunks of text from buffers to
- <firstterm>registers</firstterm> and vice-versa. A register is a holding area
- for an arbitrary length of text, with a single-character name. Most other programs can only transfer text to and from the system clipboard; in jEdit, the system clipboard is just another register, with the special name <filename>$</filename>.
- </para>
- <sect2><title>The Clipboard</title>
- <para>
- jEdit offers the usual text transfer operations, that operate on the <filename>$</filename> register.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+x</keycap>)
- places the selected text in the clipboard and removes it from the buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+c</keycap>)
- places the selected text in the clipboard and leaves it in the buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Paste</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+v</keycap>)
- inserts the clipboard contents in place of the selection (or at the
- caret position, if there is no selection).
- </para>
- <para>
- The <guimenuitem>Cut</guimenuitem> and <guimenuitem>Copy</guimenuitem>
- commands replace the old clipboard contents with the selected text.
- There are two alternative commands which add the selection at the end of
- the existing clipboard contents, instead of replacing it.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Cut Append</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+u</keycap>)
- appends the selected text to the clipboard, then removes it from the
- buffer. After this command has been invoked, the clipboard will consist of
- the former clipboard contents, followed by a newline, followed by the
- selected text.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Copy Append</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+a</keycap>)
- is the same as <guimenuitem>Cut Append</guimenuitem> except it does not
- remove the selection from the buffer.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="quick-copy"><title>Quick Copy</title>
- <para>
- The quick copy feature is usually found in Unix text editors.
- Quick copy is disabled by default, but it can be enabled in the
- <guibutton>Mouse</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box.
- </para>
- <para>
- The quick copy feature is accessed using the middle mouse button. If you do not have a three-button mouse, then either <keycap>Alt</keycap>-click (on Windows and Unix) or <keycap>Option</keycap>-click (on MacOS X). The quick copy feature enables the following behavior:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>
- Clicking the middle mouse button in the text area inserts the most recently
- selected text at the clicked location.
- If you only have a two-button mouse, you can click the left mouse button
- while holding down <keycap>Alt</keycap> instead of middle-clicking.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- Dragging with the middle mouse button
- creates a selection without moving the
- caret. As soon as the mouse button is released, the selected text is
- inserted at the caret position and the selection is deactivated.
- A message is shown in the status bar while text is being selected to
- remind you that this is not an ordinary selection.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- Holding down <keycap>Shift</keycap> while clicking the middle mouse
- button will duplicate text between the caret and the clicked location.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- Holding down <keycap>Control</keycap> while clicking the middle mouse
- button on a bracket will insert all text in that bracket's scope at the
- caret position.
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- <para>
- The most recently selected text is stored in the <filename>%</filename> register.
- </para>
- <para>
- If jEdit is being run under Java 2 version 1.4 on Unix, you will be
- able to transfer text with other X Windows applications using the
- quick copy feature. On other platforms and Java versions, the contents
- of the quick copy register are only accessible from within jEdit.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="registers"><title>General Register Commands</title>
- <para>
- These commands require more keystrokes than the two methods shown above,
- but they can operate on any register, allowing an arbitrary number of
- text chunks to be retained at a time.
- </para>
- <para>
- Each command prompts for a single-character register name to be entered
- after being invoked.
- Pressing <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap> instead of specifying a register name
- cancels the operation.
- </para>
- <para>
- Note that the content of registers other than the clipboard and
- quick copy register are automatically saved between jEdit sessions.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Cut
- to Register</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+r C+x <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>)
- stores the selected text in the specified
- register, removing it from the buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Copy
- to Register</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+r C+c <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>)
- stores the selected text in the specified
- register, leaving it in the buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Cut
- Append to Register</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+r C+u <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>)
- adds the selected text to the existing contents of the specified
- register, and removes it from the buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Copy
- Append to Register</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+r C+a <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>)
- adds the selected text to the existing contents of the specified
- register, without removing it from the buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Paste
- from Register</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+r C+v <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>)
- replaces the selection with the
- contents of the specified register.
- </para>
- <para>
- The following three commands display dialog boxes instead of prompting for a
- register name.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Paste Previous</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+v</keycap>)
- displays a dialog box listing the 20 most recently copied and
- pasted text strings.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>Paste Deleted</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+y</keycap>) is not really a register command; it
- displays a dialog box listing the 20 most recently deleted text strings.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>><guisubmenu>More Clipboard</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>View
- Registers</guimenuitem> displays a dialog box for
- viewing register contents, including the clipboard and the quick copy.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="markers"><title>Markers</title>
- <para>
- A <firstterm>marker</firstterm> is a pointer to a specific location within
- a buffer, which may or may not have a single-character <firstterm>shortcut</firstterm> associated with it.
- Markers are persistent; they are saved to
- <filename>.<replaceable>filename</replaceable>.marks</filename>, where
- <filename><replaceable>filename</replaceable></filename> is the name of the
- buffer. (The dot prefix
- makes the markers file hidden on Unix systems.) Marker
- saving can be
- disabled in the <guibutton>General</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box; see <xref linkend="general-pane" />.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Add/Remove Marker</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+m</keycap>) adds a
- marker without a shortcut pointing to the current line. If a marker is
- already set on the current line, the marker is removed instead.
- If text is selected,
- markers are added to the first and last line of each selection.
- </para>
- <para>
- Markers are listed in the <guimenu>Markers</guimenu> menu; selecting a marker
- from this menu will move the caret to its location.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Previous
- Marker</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+COMMA</keycap>) goes
- to the marker immediately before the caret position.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Next Marker</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+PERIOD</keycap>)
- goes to the marker immediately after the caret position.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Remove All Markers</guimenuitem>
- removes all markers set in the current buffer.
- </para>
- <para>Markers with shortcuts allow for quicker keyboard-based navigation.
- The following commands all prompt for a single-character shortcut when
- invoked. Pressing <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap>
- instead of specifying a shortcut will cancel the operation.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Add Marker With
- Shortcut</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+t <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>) adds a marker with the
- specified shortcut. If marker with that shortcut
- already exists, it will remain in the buffer but lose its shortcut.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Go to Marker</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+y <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>) moves the caret to
- the location of the marker with the specified shortcut.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Select to Marker</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+u <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>) creates a selection from
- the caret location to the marker with the specified shortcut.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Markers</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Swap Caret and
- Marker</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+k <replaceable>key</replaceable></keycap>)
- moves the caret to the location of the marker with the specified shortcut,
- and moves the marker to the former caret position. Invoke
- this command multiple times to flip between two locations in the buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- Lines which contain markers are indicated in the gutter with a highlight.
- Moving the mouse over the highlight displays a tool tip showing the marker's
- shortcut, if it has one. See <xref linkend="overview" /> for information
- about the gutter.
- </para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="search-replace"><title>Search and Replace</title>
- <sect2><title>Searching For Text</title>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Find</guimenuitem> (shortcut:
- <keycap>C+f</keycap>) displays
- the search and replace dialog box.
- </para>
- <para>
- The search string can be entered in the <guibutton>Search for</guibutton>
- text field. This text field remembers previously entered strings; see
- <xref linkend="history" /> for details.
- </para>
- <para>
- If text was selected in the text area and the selection
- does not span a line break, the selected text becomes the default search
- string.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the selection spans a line break, the
- <guibutton>Search in Selection</guibutton>
- and <guibutton>HyperSearch</guibutton>
- buttons will be pre-selected, and the search string field will be
- initially blank. (See <xref linkend="hypersearch"/> for information about
- the HyperSearch feature.)
- <!-- Note that finding the next or previous
- occurrence cannot be constrained to a selected range; only
- replacement and HyperSearch can be (see <xref linkend="hypersearch" />). -->
- </para>
- <para>
- Selecting the <guibutton>Ignore
- case</guibutton> check box makes the search case insensitive -
- for example, searching for
- <quote>Hello</quote> will match <quote>hello</quote>, <quote>HELLO</quote>
- and <quote>HeLlO</quote>.
- </para>
- <para>
- Selecting the <guibutton>Regular expressions</guibutton> check
- box allows a regular expression to be used in the search string. Regular
- expressions can
- match inexact sequences of text that optionally span more than one line.
- Regular expression syntax is described in
- <xref linkend="regexps" />.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <guibutton>Backward</guibutton> and <guibutton>Forward</guibutton>
- buttons specify the search direction.
- Note that regular expressions can only be used when
- searching in a forward direction.
- </para>
- <para>
- Clicking <guibutton>Find</guibutton> will locate the next occurrence of
- the search string (or previous occurrence, if
- searching backwards). If the
- <guibutton>Keep dialog</guibutton> check box is selected, the dialog box
- will remain open after the search string has been located; otherwise,
- it will close.
- </para>
- <para>
- If no occurrences could be found and the
- <guibutton>Auto wrap</guibutton> check box is selected, the search will
- automatically restart from the beginning of the buffer (or the end, if
- searching backwards).
- If <guibutton>Auto wrap</guibutton> is not selected, a confirmation dialog
- box is shown before restarting the search.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Find Next</guimenuitem> (shortcut:
- <keycap>C+g</keycap>) locates the
- next occurrence of the most recent search string without displaying the
- search and replace dialog box.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Find Previous</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+h</keycap>)
- locates the previous occurrence of the most recent search string without
- displaying the search and replace dialog box.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2><title>Replacing Text</title>
- <para>
- The replace string text field of the search dialog
- remembers previously entered strings;
- see <xref linkend="history" /> for details.
- </para>
- <para>
- Clicking <guibutton>Replace & Find</guibutton> will perform a
- replacement in the current selection and locate the next occurrence of the
- search string. Clicking <guibutton>Replace All</guibutton> will replace all
- occurrences of the search string with the replacement string in the current
- search scope (which is either the selection, the current buffer, or a set of
- buffers, as specified in the search and replace dialog box).
- </para>
- <para>
- Occurrences of the search string can be replaced with either a replacement
- string, or the return value of a BeanShell script snippet. Two radio buttons
- in the search and replace dialog box select between the two replacement
- modes, which are described in detail below.
- </para>
- <sect3><title>Text Replace</title>
- <para>
- If the <guibutton>Text</guibutton> button is selected,
- the search string is simply replaced with the replacement
- string.
- </para>
- <para>
- If regular expressions are enabled, positional parameters
- (<literal>$0</literal>, <literal>$1</literal>, <literal>$2</literal>, and so
- on) can be used to insert the contents of matched subexpressions in the
- replacement string; see <xref linkend="regexps" /> for more information.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the search is case-insensitive, jEdit attempts to modify the
- case of the replacement string to match that of the particular instance
- of the search string being replaced. For example, searching
- for <quote>label</quote> and replacing it with <quote>text</quote>, will
- perform the following replacements:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para><quote>String label</quote> would become <quote>String text</quote>
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><quote>setLabel</quote> would become <quote>setText</quote>
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para><quote>DEFAULT_LABEL</quote> would become <quote>DEFAULT_TEXT</quote>
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </sect3>
- <sect3><title>BeanShell Replace</title>
- <para>
- In BeanShell replacement mode, the search string is replaced with the return
- value of a BeanShell snippet. The following predefined variables can be
- referenced in the snippet:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist><listitem><para><varname>_0</varname> -- the text to be
- replaced</para>
- </listitem><listitem><para><varname>_1</varname> - <varname>_9</varname> --
- if regular expressions are enabled, these contain the values of matched
- subexpressions.
- </para></listitem></itemizedlist>
- <para>
- BeanShell syntax and features are covered in great detail in
- <xref linkend="writing-macros-part" />, but here are some examples:
- </para>
- <informalexample>
- <para>
- To replace each occurrence of <quote>Windows</quote> with <quote>Linux</quote>,
- and each occurrence of <quote>Linux</quote> with <quote>Windows</quote>,
- search for the following regular expression:
- </para>
- <programlisting>(Windows|Linux)</programlisting>
- <para>
- Replacing it with the following BeanShell snippet:
- </para>
- <programlisting>_1.equals("Windows") ? "Linux" : "Windows"</programlisting>
- </informalexample>
- <informalexample>
- <para>
- To convert all HTML tags to lower case, search
- for the following regular expression:
- </para>
- <programlisting><![CDATA[<\S+]]></programlisting>
- <para>
- Replacing it with the following BeanShell snippet:
- </para>
- <programlisting><![CDATA[_0.toLowerCase()]]></programlisting>
- </informalexample>
- <informalexample>
- <para>
- To replace arithmetic expressions contained in curly braces with the
- result of evaluating the expression,
- search for the following regular expression:
- </para>
- <programlisting><![CDATA[\{(.+?)\}]]></programlisting>
- <para>
- Replacing it with the following BeanShell snippet:
- </para>
- <programlisting><![CDATA[eval(_1)]]></programlisting>
- </informalexample>
- <para>
- These examples only scratch the surface; the possibilities are endless.
- </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="hypersearch"><title>HyperSearch</title>
- <para>
- If the <guibutton>HyperSearch</guibutton> check box in the search and
- replace dialog box is selected, clicking <guibutton>Find</guibutton>
- lists all occurrences of the search string, instead of locating the next
- match.
- </para>
- <para>
- By default, HyperSearch results are shown in a floating window. This window can be docked using the commands in its top-left corner popup menu; see <xref linkend="docking" />.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the <guibutton>Multiple results</guibutton> check box is selected in
- the results window, past search results are retained.
- </para>
- <para>
- Running searches can be stopped in the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guisubmenu>Troubleshooting</guisubmenu>><guimenuitem>I/O Progress
- Monitor</guimenuitem> dialog box.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2><title>Multiple File Search</title>
- <para>
- Search and replace commands can be performed over an arbitrary set of files
- in one step. The set of files to search is selected with a set of buttons in
- the search dialog box.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the <guibutton>Current buffer</guibutton> button is selected, only the
- current buffer is searched. This is the default behavior.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the <guibutton>All buffers</guibutton> button is selected, all open
- buffers whose names match the glob pattern
- entered in the <guibutton>Filter</guibutton> text field will be searched.
- See <xref linkend="globs" /> for more information about glob patterns.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the <guibutton>Directory</guibutton> radio button is selected, all files
- contained in the specified directory whose names match the glob will be
- searched. The
- directory to search in can either be entered in the
- <guibutton>Directory</guibutton> text field, or chosen in a file selector
- dialog box by clicking the <guibutton>Choose</guibutton> button next to
- the field.
- If the <guibutton>Search subdirectories</guibutton> check box is selected,
- all subdirectories of the specified directory will also be searched. Keep
- in mind that searching through directories containing many files can take
- a long time.
- </para>
- <para>
- The <guibutton>Directory</guibutton> and <guibutton>Filter</guibutton>
- text fields remember previously entered strings; see <xref linkend="history" />
- for details.
- </para>
- <para>
- When the search and replace dialog box is opened, the directory and file name filter fields are set to their previous values. They can be set to match the current buffer's directory and file name extension by clicking <guibutton>Synchronize</guibutton>.
- </para>
- <para>
- Note that clicking the <guibutton>All Buffers</guibutton> or
- <guibutton>Directory</guibutton> radio buttons also selects the
- <guibutton>HyperSearch</guibutton> check box
- since that is what you would want, most of the time.
- However, the <guibutton>HyperSearch</guibutton> check box can be unchecked, for stepping through search results in multiple files one at a time.
- </para>
- <para>
- Two convenience commands are provided for performing multiple file searches.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Search in Open
- Buffers</guimenuitem> (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+b</keycap>) displays
- the search dialog box and selects the <guibutton>All
- buffers</guibutton> button.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Search in Directory</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+e C+d</keycap>) displays
- the search dialog box and selects the
- <guibutton>Directory</guibutton> button.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="search-bar"><title>The Search Bar</title>
- <para>
- The search bar feature provides a convenient way to search in the current
- buffer without
- opening the search dialog box. The search bar does not support replacement or multiple file search. Previously entered strings can be recalled in the
- search bar with the <keycap>Up</keycap> and <keycap>Down</keycap> arrow
- keys; see <xref linkend="history" />.
- </para>
- <para>
- By default, the search bar remains hidden until one of the quick search
- commands (described below) is invoked; however you can choose to have it
- always visible in the <guibutton>View</guibutton> pane of the
- <guimenu>Utilities</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Global Options</guimenuitem>
- dialog box; see <xref linkend="view-pane"/>.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Incremental Search Bar</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+COMMA</keycap>)
- displays the search bar if necessary, and gives it keyboard focus.
- If this command is invoked while there is a selection, the selection is
- placed in the search string field.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>Incremental Search
- for Word</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>A+COMMA</keycap>)
- behaves like the above command except it places the word at the caret in
- the search string field.
- </para>
- <para>
- Unless the <guibutton>HyperSearch</guibutton> check box is selected, the
- search bar will perform an <firstterm>incremental search</firstterm>.
- In incremental search mode, the first occurrence of the search
- string is located in the current buffer as it is being typed.
- Pressing <keycap>ENTER</keycap> and <keycap>S+ENTER</keycap>
- searches for the next and previous occurrence, respectively.
- Once the desired occurrence has been located, pressing <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap>
- returns keyboard focus to the text area. Unless the search bar is set to be
- always visible (see above), pressing <keycap>ESCAPE</keycap> will also hide
- the search bar.
- </para>
- <note>
- <para>
- Incremental searches cannot be not recorded in macros. If your macro
- needs to perform a search, use the
- search and replace dialog box instead. See <xref linkend="using-macros" />
- for information about macros.
- </para>
- </note>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>HyperSearch Bar</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>C+PERIOD</keycap>)
- displays the search bar if necessary, gives it keyboard focus,
- and selects the <guibutton>HyperSearch</guibutton> check box.
- If this command is invoked while there is a selection, the selected text
- will be searched for immediately and the search bar will not be shown.
- </para>
- <para>
- If the <guibutton>HyperSearch</guibutton> check box is
- selected, pressing <keycap>Enter</keycap> in the search string field
- will perform a HyperSearch in the current buffer.
- </para>
- <para>
- <guimenu>Search</guimenu>><guimenuitem>HyperSearch
- for Word</guimenuitem>
- (shortcut: <keycap>A+PERIOD</keycap>)
- performs a HyperSearch for the word at the caret. This command does not
- show the search bar or give it keyboard focus.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>