#! /usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
# Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
# http://code.google.com/p/protobuf/
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
#     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
# in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
#     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
# this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
# SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

"""Unittest for reflection.py, which also indirectly tests the output of the
pure-Python protocol compiler.
"""

__author__ = 'robinson@google.com (Will Robinson)'

import operator
import struct

import unittest
from google.protobuf import unittest_import_pb2
from google.protobuf import unittest_mset_pb2
from google.protobuf import unittest_pb2
from google.protobuf import descriptor_pb2
from google.protobuf import descriptor
from google.protobuf import message
from google.protobuf import reflection
from google.protobuf.internal import api_implementation
from google.protobuf.internal import more_extensions_pb2
from google.protobuf.internal import more_messages_pb2
from google.protobuf.internal import wire_format
from google.protobuf.internal import test_util
from google.protobuf.internal import decoder


class _MiniDecoder(object):
  """Decodes a stream of values from a string.

  Once upon a time we actually had a class called decoder.Decoder.  Then we
  got rid of it during a redesign that made decoding much, much faster overall.
  But a couple tests in this file used it to check that the serialized form of
  a message was correct.  So, this class implements just the methods that were
  used by said tests, so that we don't have to rewrite the tests.
  """

  def __init__(self, bytes):
    self._bytes = bytes
    self._pos = 0

  def ReadVarint(self):
    result, self._pos = decoder._DecodeVarint(self._bytes, self._pos)
    return result

  ReadInt32 = ReadVarint
  ReadInt64 = ReadVarint
  ReadUInt32 = ReadVarint
  ReadUInt64 = ReadVarint

  def ReadSInt64(self):
    return wire_format.ZigZagDecode(self.ReadVarint())

  ReadSInt32 = ReadSInt64

  def ReadFieldNumberAndWireType(self):
    return wire_format.UnpackTag(self.ReadVarint())

  def ReadFloat(self):
    result = struct.unpack("<f", self._bytes[self._pos:self._pos+4])[0]
    self._pos += 4
    return result

  def ReadDouble(self):
    result = struct.unpack("<d", self._bytes[self._pos:self._pos+8])[0]
    self._pos += 8
    return result

  def EndOfStream(self):
    return self._pos == len(self._bytes)


class ReflectionTest(unittest.TestCase):

  def assertListsEqual(self, values, others):
    self.assertEqual(len(values), len(others))
    for i in range(len(values)):
      self.assertEqual(values[i], others[i])

  def testScalarConstructor(self):
    # Constructor with only scalar types should succeed.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
        optional_int32=24,
        optional_double=54.321,
        optional_string='optional_string')

    self.assertEqual(24, proto.optional_int32)
    self.assertEqual(54.321, proto.optional_double)
    self.assertEqual('optional_string', proto.optional_string)

  def testRepeatedScalarConstructor(self):
    # Constructor with only repeated scalar types should succeed.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
        repeated_int32=[1, 2, 3, 4],
        repeated_double=[1.23, 54.321],
        repeated_bool=[True, False, False],
        repeated_string=["optional_string"])

    self.assertEquals([1, 2, 3, 4], list(proto.repeated_int32))
    self.assertEquals([1.23, 54.321], list(proto.repeated_double))
    self.assertEquals([True, False, False], list(proto.repeated_bool))
    self.assertEquals(["optional_string"], list(proto.repeated_string))

  def testRepeatedCompositeConstructor(self):
    # Constructor with only repeated composite types should succeed.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
        repeated_nested_message=[
            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
                bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO),
            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
                bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
        repeated_foreign_message=[
            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=12)],
        repeatedgroup=[
            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(),
            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=1),
            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=2)])

    self.assertEquals(
        [unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
            bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO),
         unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
             bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
        list(proto.repeated_nested_message))
    self.assertEquals(
        [unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
         unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
         unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=12)],
        list(proto.repeated_foreign_message))
    self.assertEquals(
        [unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(),
         unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=1),
         unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.RepeatedGroup(a=2)],
        list(proto.repeatedgroup))

  def testMixedConstructor(self):
    # Constructor with only mixed types should succeed.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
        optional_int32=24,
        optional_string='optional_string',
        repeated_double=[1.23, 54.321],
        repeated_bool=[True, False, False],
        repeated_nested_message=[
            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
                bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO),
            unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
                bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
        repeated_foreign_message=[
            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
            unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=12)])

    self.assertEqual(24, proto.optional_int32)
    self.assertEqual('optional_string', proto.optional_string)
    self.assertEquals([1.23, 54.321], list(proto.repeated_double))
    self.assertEquals([True, False, False], list(proto.repeated_bool))
    self.assertEquals(
        [unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
            bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO),
         unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(
             bb=unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)],
        list(proto.repeated_nested_message))
    self.assertEquals(
        [unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=-43),
         unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=45324),
         unittest_pb2.ForeignMessage(c=12)],
        list(proto.repeated_foreign_message))

  def testConstructorTypeError(self):
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, optional_int32="foo")
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, optional_string=1234)
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, optional_nested_message=1234)
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, repeated_int32=1234)
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, repeated_int32=["foo"])
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, repeated_string=1234)
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, repeated_string=[1234])
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, repeated_nested_message=1234)
    self.assertRaises(
        TypeError, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes, repeated_nested_message=[1234])

  def testConstructorInvalidatesCachedByteSize(self):
    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(optional_int32 = 12)
    self.assertEquals(2, message.ByteSize())

    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
        optional_nested_message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage())
    self.assertEquals(3, message.ByteSize())

    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(repeated_int32 = [12])
    self.assertEquals(3, message.ByteSize())

    message = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes(
        repeated_nested_message = [unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage()])
    self.assertEquals(3, message.ByteSize())

  def testSimpleHasBits(self):
    # Test a scalar.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
    # HasField() shouldn't be true if all we've done is
    # read the default value.
    self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
    proto.optional_int32 = 1
    # Setting a value however *should* set the "has" bit.
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
    proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
    # And clearing that value should unset the "has" bit.
    self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField('optional_int32'))

  def testHasBitsWithSinglyNestedScalar(self):
    # Helper used to test foreign messages and groups.
    #
    # composite_field_name should be the name of a non-repeated
    # composite (i.e., foreign or group) field in TestAllTypes,
    # and scalar_field_name should be the name of an integer-valued
    # scalar field within that composite.
    #
    # I never thought I'd miss C++ macros and templates so much. :(
    # This helper is semantically just:
    #
    #   assert proto.composite_field.scalar_field == 0
    #   assert not proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
    #   assert not proto.HasField('composite_field')
    #
    #   proto.composite_field.scalar_field = 10
    #   old_composite_field = proto.composite_field
    #
    #   assert proto.composite_field.scalar_field == 10
    #   assert proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
    #   assert proto.HasField('composite_field')
    #
    #   proto.ClearField('composite_field')
    #
    #   assert not proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
    #   assert not proto.HasField('composite_field')
    #   assert proto.composite_field.scalar_field == 0
    #
    #   # Now ensure that ClearField('composite_field') disconnected
    #   # the old field object from the object tree...
    #   assert old_composite_field is not proto.composite_field
    #   old_composite_field.scalar_field = 20
    #   assert not proto.composite_field.HasField('scalar_field')
    #   assert not proto.HasField('composite_field')
    def TestCompositeHasBits(composite_field_name, scalar_field_name):
      proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
      # First, check that we can get the scalar value, and see that it's the
      # default (0), but that proto.HasField('omposite') and
      # proto.composite.HasField('scalar') will still return False.
      composite_field = getattr(proto, composite_field_name)
      original_scalar_value = getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name)
      self.assertEqual(0, original_scalar_value)
      # Assert that the composite object does not "have" the scalar.
      self.assertTrue(not composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
      # Assert that proto does not "have" the composite field.
      self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField(composite_field_name))

      # Now set the scalar within the composite field.  Ensure that the setting
      # is reflected, and that proto.HasField('composite') and
      # proto.composite.HasField('scalar') now both return True.
      new_val = 20
      setattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name, new_val)
      self.assertEqual(new_val, getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name))
      # Hold on to a reference to the current composite_field object.
      old_composite_field = composite_field
      # Assert that the has methods now return true.
      self.assertTrue(composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
      self.assertTrue(proto.HasField(composite_field_name))

      # Now call the clear method...
      proto.ClearField(composite_field_name)

      # ...and ensure that the "has" bits are all back to False...
      composite_field = getattr(proto, composite_field_name)
      self.assertTrue(not composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
      self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField(composite_field_name))
      # ...and ensure that the scalar field has returned to its default.
      self.assertEqual(0, getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name))

      # Finally, ensure that modifications to the old composite field object
      # don't have any effect on the parent. Possible only with the pure-python
      # implementation of the API.
      #
      # (NOTE that when we clear the composite field in the parent, we actually
      # don't recursively clear down the tree.  Instead, we just disconnect the
      # cleared composite from the tree.)
      if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
        return
      self.assertTrue(old_composite_field is not composite_field)
      setattr(old_composite_field, scalar_field_name, new_val)
      self.assertTrue(not composite_field.HasField(scalar_field_name))
      self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField(composite_field_name))
      self.assertEqual(0, getattr(composite_field, scalar_field_name))

    # Test simple, single-level nesting when we set a scalar.
    TestCompositeHasBits('optionalgroup', 'a')
    TestCompositeHasBits('optional_nested_message', 'bb')
    TestCompositeHasBits('optional_foreign_message', 'c')
    TestCompositeHasBits('optional_import_message', 'd')

  def testReferencesToNestedMessage(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
    del proto
    # A previous version had a bug where this would raise an exception when
    # hitting a now-dead weak reference.
    nested.bb = 23

  def testDisconnectingNestedMessageBeforeSettingField(self):
    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
      return
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    nested = proto.optional_nested_message
    proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')  # Should disconnect from parent
    self.assertTrue(nested is not proto.optional_nested_message)
    nested.bb = 23
    self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_nested_message.bb)

  def testHasBitsWhenModifyingRepeatedFields(self):
    # Test nesting when we add an element to a repeated field in a submessage.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestNestedMessageHasBits()
    proto.optional_nested_message.nestedmessage_repeated_int32.append(5)
    self.assertEqual(
        [5], proto.optional_nested_message.nestedmessage_repeated_int32)
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

    # Do the same test, but with a repeated composite field within the
    # submessage.
    proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
    self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))
    proto.optional_nested_message.nestedmessage_repeated_foreignmessage.add()
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

  def testHasBitsForManyLevelsOfNesting(self):
    # Test nesting many levels deep.
    recursive_proto = unittest_pb2.TestMutualRecursionA()
    self.assertTrue(not recursive_proto.HasField('bb'))
    self.assertEqual(0, recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.optional_int32)
    self.assertTrue(not recursive_proto.HasField('bb'))
    recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.optional_int32 = 5
    self.assertEqual(5, recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.optional_int32)
    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.HasField('bb'))
    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.HasField('a'))
    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.HasField('bb'))
    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.HasField('a'))
    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.HasField('bb'))
    self.assertTrue(not recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.HasField('a'))
    self.assertTrue(recursive_proto.bb.a.bb.a.bb.HasField('optional_int32'))

  def testSingularListFields(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto.optional_fixed32 = 1
    proto.optional_int32 = 5
    proto.optional_string = 'foo'
    # Access sub-message but don't set it yet.
    nested_message = proto.optional_nested_message
    self.assertEqual(
      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'  ], 5),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_fixed32'], 1),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_string' ], 'foo') ],
      proto.ListFields())

    proto.optional_nested_message.bb = 123
    self.assertEqual(
      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'  ], 5),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_fixed32'], 1),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_string' ], 'foo'),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_nested_message' ],
             nested_message) ],
      proto.ListFields())

  def testRepeatedListFields(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto.repeated_fixed32.append(1)
    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
    proto.repeated_int32.append(11)
    proto.repeated_string.extend(['foo', 'bar'])
    proto.repeated_string.extend([])
    proto.repeated_string.append('baz')
    proto.repeated_string.extend(str(x) for x in xrange(2))
    proto.optional_int32 = 21
    proto.repeated_bool  # Access but don't set anything; should not be listed.
    self.assertEqual(
      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['optional_int32'  ], 21),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['repeated_int32'  ], [5, 11]),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['repeated_fixed32'], [1]),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['repeated_string' ],
          ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', '0', '1']) ],
      proto.ListFields())

  def testSingularListExtensions(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_fixed32_extension] = 1
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  ] = 5
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_string_extension ] = 'foo'
    self.assertEqual(
      [ (unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  , 5),
        (unittest_pb2.optional_fixed32_extension, 1),
        (unittest_pb2.optional_string_extension , 'foo') ],
      proto.ListFields())

  def testRepeatedListExtensions(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension].append(1)
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension  ].append(5)
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension  ].append(11)
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension ].append('foo')
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension ].append('bar')
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension ].append('baz')
    proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  ] = 21
    self.assertEqual(
      [ (unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension  , 21),
        (unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension  , [5, 11]),
        (unittest_pb2.repeated_fixed32_extension, [1]),
        (unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension , ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']) ],
      proto.ListFields())

  def testListFieldsAndExtensions(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestFieldOrderings()
    test_util.SetAllFieldsAndExtensions(proto)
    unittest_pb2.my_extension_int
    self.assertEqual(
      [ (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['my_int'   ], 1),
        (unittest_pb2.my_extension_int               , 23),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['my_string'], 'foo'),
        (unittest_pb2.my_extension_string            , 'bar'),
        (proto.DESCRIPTOR.fields_by_name['my_float' ], 1.0) ],
      proto.ListFields())

  def testDefaultValues(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int64)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_uint32)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_uint64)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sint32)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sint64)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_fixed32)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_fixed64)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sfixed32)
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_sfixed64)
    self.assertEqual(0.0, proto.optional_float)
    self.assertEqual(0.0, proto.optional_double)
    self.assertEqual(False, proto.optional_bool)
    self.assertEqual('', proto.optional_string)
    self.assertEqual('', proto.optional_bytes)

    self.assertEqual(41, proto.default_int32)
    self.assertEqual(42, proto.default_int64)
    self.assertEqual(43, proto.default_uint32)
    self.assertEqual(44, proto.default_uint64)
    self.assertEqual(-45, proto.default_sint32)
    self.assertEqual(46, proto.default_sint64)
    self.assertEqual(47, proto.default_fixed32)
    self.assertEqual(48, proto.default_fixed64)
    self.assertEqual(49, proto.default_sfixed32)
    self.assertEqual(-50, proto.default_sfixed64)
    self.assertEqual(51.5, proto.default_float)
    self.assertEqual(52e3, proto.default_double)
    self.assertEqual(True, proto.default_bool)
    self.assertEqual('hello', proto.default_string)
    self.assertEqual('world', proto.default_bytes)
    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR, proto.default_nested_enum)
    self.assertEqual(unittest_pb2.FOREIGN_BAR, proto.default_foreign_enum)
    self.assertEqual(unittest_import_pb2.IMPORT_BAR,
                     proto.default_import_enum)

    proto = unittest_pb2.TestExtremeDefaultValues()
    self.assertEqual(u'\u1234', proto.utf8_string)

  def testHasFieldWithUnknownFieldName(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.HasField, 'nonexistent_field')

  def testClearFieldWithUnknownFieldName(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.ClearField, 'nonexistent_field')

  def testDisallowedAssignments(self):
    # It's illegal to assign values directly to repeated fields
    # or to nonrepeated composite fields.  Ensure that this fails.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    # Repeated fields.
    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto, 'repeated_int32', 10)
    # Lists shouldn't work, either.
    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto, 'repeated_int32', [10])
    # Composite fields.
    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto,
                      'optional_nested_message', 23)
    # Assignment to a repeated nested message field without specifying
    # the index in the array of nested messages.
    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto.repeated_nested_message,
                      'bb', 34)
    # Assignment to an attribute of a repeated field.
    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto.repeated_float,
                      'some_attribute', 34)
    # proto.nonexistent_field = 23 should fail as well.
    self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, proto, 'nonexistent_field', 23)

  def testSingleScalarTypeSafety(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_int32', 1.1)
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_int32', 'foo')
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_string', 10)
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, setattr, proto, 'optional_bytes', 10)

  def testSingleScalarBoundsChecking(self):
    def TestMinAndMaxIntegers(field_name, expected_min, expected_max):
      pb = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
      setattr(pb, field_name, expected_min)
      self.assertEqual(expected_min, getattr(pb, field_name))
      setattr(pb, field_name, expected_max)
      self.assertEqual(expected_max, getattr(pb, field_name))
      self.assertRaises(ValueError, setattr, pb, field_name, expected_min - 1)
      self.assertRaises(ValueError, setattr, pb, field_name, expected_max + 1)

    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_int32', -(1 << 31), (1 << 31) - 1)
    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_uint32', 0, 0xffffffff)
    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_int64', -(1 << 63), (1 << 63) - 1)
    TestMinAndMaxIntegers('optional_uint64', 0, 0xffffffffffffffff)

    pb = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    pb.optional_nested_enum = 1
    self.assertEqual(1, pb.optional_nested_enum)

    # Invalid enum values.
    pb.optional_nested_enum = 0
    self.assertEqual(0, pb.optional_nested_enum)

    bytes_size_before = pb.ByteSize()

    pb.optional_nested_enum = 4
    self.assertEqual(4, pb.optional_nested_enum)

    pb.optional_nested_enum = 0
    self.assertEqual(0, pb.optional_nested_enum)

    # Make sure that setting the same enum field doesn't just add unknown
    # fields (but overwrites them).
    self.assertEqual(bytes_size_before, pb.ByteSize())

    # Is the invalid value preserved after serialization?
    serialized = pb.SerializeToString()
    pb2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    pb2.ParseFromString(serialized)
    self.assertEqual(0, pb2.optional_nested_enum)
    self.assertEqual(pb, pb2)

  def testRepeatedScalarTypeSafety(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.append, 1.1)
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.append, 'foo')
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_string, 10)
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_bytes, 10)

    proto.repeated_int32.append(10)
    proto.repeated_int32[0] = 23
    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__setitem__, 500, 23)
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__setitem__, 0, 'abc')

    # Repeated enums tests.
    #proto.repeated_nested_enum.append(0)

  def testSingleScalarGettersAndSetters(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
    proto.optional_int32 = 1
    self.assertEqual(1, proto.optional_int32)

    proto.optional_uint64 = 0xffffffffffff
    self.assertEqual(0xffffffffffff, proto.optional_uint64)
    proto.optional_uint64 = 0xffffffffffffffff
    self.assertEqual(0xffffffffffffffff, proto.optional_uint64)
    # TODO(robinson): Test all other scalar field types.

  def testSingleScalarClearField(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    # Should be allowed to clear something that's not there (a no-op).
    proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
    proto.optional_int32 = 1
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
    proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
    self.assertEqual(0, proto.optional_int32)
    self.assertTrue(not proto.HasField('optional_int32'))
    # TODO(robinson): Test all other scalar field types.

  def testEnums(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertEqual(1, proto.FOO)
    self.assertEqual(1, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FOO)
    self.assertEqual(2, proto.BAR)
    self.assertEqual(2, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAR)
    self.assertEqual(3, proto.BAZ)
    self.assertEqual(3, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.BAZ)

  def testRepeatedScalars(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()

    self.assertTrue(not proto.repeated_int32)
    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_int32))
    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
    proto.repeated_int32.append(10)
    proto.repeated_int32.append(15)
    self.assertTrue(proto.repeated_int32)
    self.assertEqual(3, len(proto.repeated_int32))

    self.assertEqual([5, 10, 15], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test single retrieval.
    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[0])
    self.assertEqual(15, proto.repeated_int32[-1])
    # Test out-of-bounds indices.
    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, 1234)
    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, -1234)
    # Test incorrect types passed to __getitem__.
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, 'foo')
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_int32.__getitem__, None)

    # Test single assignment.
    proto.repeated_int32[1] = 20
    self.assertEqual([5, 20, 15], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test insertion.
    proto.repeated_int32.insert(1, 25)
    self.assertEqual([5, 25, 20, 15], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test slice retrieval.
    proto.repeated_int32.append(30)
    self.assertEqual([25, 20, 15], proto.repeated_int32[1:4])
    self.assertEqual([5, 25, 20, 15, 30], proto.repeated_int32[:])

    # Test slice assignment with an iterator
    proto.repeated_int32[1:4] = (i for i in xrange(3))
    self.assertEqual([5, 0, 1, 2, 30], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test slice assignment.
    proto.repeated_int32[1:4] = [35, 40, 45]
    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 40, 45, 30], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test that we can use the field as an iterator.
    result = []
    for i in proto.repeated_int32:
      result.append(i)
    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 40, 45, 30], result)

    # Test single deletion.
    del proto.repeated_int32[2]
    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 45, 30], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test slice deletion.
    del proto.repeated_int32[2:]
    self.assertEqual([5, 35], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test extending.
    proto.repeated_int32.extend([3, 13])
    self.assertEqual([5, 35, 3, 13], proto.repeated_int32)

    # Test clearing.
    proto.ClearField('repeated_int32')
    self.assertTrue(not proto.repeated_int32)
    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_int32))

    proto.repeated_int32.append(1)
    self.assertEqual(1, proto.repeated_int32[-1])
    # Test assignment to a negative index.
    proto.repeated_int32[-1] = 2
    self.assertEqual(2, proto.repeated_int32[-1])

    # Test deletion at negative indices.
    proto.repeated_int32[:] = [0, 1, 2, 3]
    del proto.repeated_int32[-1]
    self.assertEqual([0, 1, 2], proto.repeated_int32)

    del proto.repeated_int32[-2]
    self.assertEqual([0, 2], proto.repeated_int32)

    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__delitem__, -3)
    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_int32.__delitem__, 300)

    del proto.repeated_int32[-2:-1]
    self.assertEqual([2], proto.repeated_int32)

    del proto.repeated_int32[100:10000]
    self.assertEqual([2], proto.repeated_int32)

  def testRepeatedScalarsRemove(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()

    self.assertTrue(not proto.repeated_int32)
    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_int32))
    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
    proto.repeated_int32.append(10)
    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
    proto.repeated_int32.append(5)

    self.assertEqual(4, len(proto.repeated_int32))
    proto.repeated_int32.remove(5)
    self.assertEqual(3, len(proto.repeated_int32))
    self.assertEqual(10, proto.repeated_int32[0])
    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[1])
    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[2])

    proto.repeated_int32.remove(5)
    self.assertEqual(2, len(proto.repeated_int32))
    self.assertEqual(10, proto.repeated_int32[0])
    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[1])

    proto.repeated_int32.remove(10)
    self.assertEqual(1, len(proto.repeated_int32))
    self.assertEqual(5, proto.repeated_int32[0])

    # Remove a non-existent element.
    self.assertRaises(ValueError, proto.repeated_int32.remove, 123)

  def testRepeatedComposites(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertTrue(not proto.repeated_nested_message)
    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
    m0 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
    m1 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
    self.assertTrue(proto.repeated_nested_message)
    self.assertEqual(2, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1], proto.repeated_nested_message)
    self.assertTrue(isinstance(m0, unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage))

    # Test out-of-bounds indices.
    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
                      1234)
    self.assertRaises(IndexError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
                      -1234)

    # Test incorrect types passed to __getitem__.
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
                      'foo')
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto.repeated_nested_message.__getitem__,
                      None)

    # Test slice retrieval.
    m2 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
    m3 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
    m4 = proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
    self.assertListsEqual(
        [m1, m2, m3], proto.repeated_nested_message[1:4])
    self.assertListsEqual(
        [m0, m1, m2, m3, m4], proto.repeated_nested_message[:])
    self.assertListsEqual(
        [m0, m1], proto.repeated_nested_message[:2])
    self.assertListsEqual(
        [m2, m3, m4], proto.repeated_nested_message[2:])
    self.assertEqual(
        m0, proto.repeated_nested_message[0])
    self.assertListsEqual(
        [m0], proto.repeated_nested_message[:1])

    # Test that we can use the field as an iterator.
    result = []
    for i in proto.repeated_nested_message:
      result.append(i)
    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1, m2, m3, m4], result)

    # Test single deletion.
    del proto.repeated_nested_message[2]
    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1, m3, m4], proto.repeated_nested_message)

    # Test slice deletion.
    del proto.repeated_nested_message[2:]
    self.assertListsEqual([m0, m1], proto.repeated_nested_message)

    # Test extending.
    n1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=1)
    n2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage(bb=2)
    proto.repeated_nested_message.extend([n1,n2])
    self.assertEqual(4, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
    self.assertEqual(n1, proto.repeated_nested_message[2])
    self.assertEqual(n2, proto.repeated_nested_message[3])

    # Test clearing.
    proto.ClearField('repeated_nested_message')
    self.assertTrue(not proto.repeated_nested_message)
    self.assertEqual(0, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))

    # Test constructing an element while adding it.
    proto.repeated_nested_message.add(bb=23)
    self.assertEqual(1, len(proto.repeated_nested_message))
    self.assertEqual(23, proto.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)

  def testHandWrittenReflection(self):
    # Hand written extensions are only supported by the pure-Python
    # implementation of the API.
    if api_implementation.Type() != 'python':
      return

    FieldDescriptor = descriptor.FieldDescriptor
    foo_field_descriptor = FieldDescriptor(
        name='foo_field', full_name='MyProto.foo_field',
        index=0, number=1, type=FieldDescriptor.TYPE_INT64,
        cpp_type=FieldDescriptor.CPPTYPE_INT64,
        label=FieldDescriptor.LABEL_OPTIONAL, default_value=0,
        containing_type=None, message_type=None, enum_type=None,
        is_extension=False, extension_scope=None,
        options=descriptor_pb2.FieldOptions())
    mydescriptor = descriptor.Descriptor(
        name='MyProto', full_name='MyProto', filename='ignored',
        containing_type=None, nested_types=[], enum_types=[],
        fields=[foo_field_descriptor], extensions=[],
        options=descriptor_pb2.MessageOptions())
    class MyProtoClass(message.Message):
      DESCRIPTOR = mydescriptor
      __metaclass__ = reflection.GeneratedProtocolMessageType
    myproto_instance = MyProtoClass()
    self.assertEqual(0, myproto_instance.foo_field)
    self.assertTrue(not myproto_instance.HasField('foo_field'))
    myproto_instance.foo_field = 23
    self.assertEqual(23, myproto_instance.foo_field)
    self.assertTrue(myproto_instance.HasField('foo_field'))

  def testTopLevelExtensionsForOptionalScalar(self):
    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    extension = unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    self.assertEqual(0, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    # As with normal scalar fields, just doing a read doesn't actually set the
    # "has" bit.
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    # Actually set the thing.
    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension] = 23
    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    self.assertTrue(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    # Ensure that clearing works as well.
    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
    self.assertEqual(0, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))

  def testTopLevelExtensionsForRepeatedScalar(self):
    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    extension = unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension
    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].append('foo')
    self.assertEqual(['foo'], extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    string_list = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
    self.assertTrue(string_list is not extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    # Shouldn't be allowed to do Extensions[extension] = 'a'
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, extendee_proto.Extensions,
                      extension, 'a')

  def testTopLevelExtensionsForOptionalMessage(self):
    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    extension = unittest_pb2.optional_foreign_message_extension
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    self.assertEqual(0, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].c)
    # As with normal (non-extension) fields, merely reading from the
    # thing shouldn't set the "has" bit.
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].c = 23
    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].c)
    self.assertTrue(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    # Save a reference here.
    foreign_message = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
    self.assertTrue(foreign_message is not extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    # Setting a field on foreign_message now shouldn't set
    # any "has" bits on extendee_proto.
    foreign_message.c = 42
    self.assertEqual(42, foreign_message.c)
    self.assertTrue(foreign_message.HasField('c'))
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    # Shouldn't be allowed to do Extensions[extension] = 'a'
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, extendee_proto.Extensions,
                      extension, 'a')

  def testTopLevelExtensionsForRepeatedMessage(self):
    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    extension = unittest_pb2.repeatedgroup_extension
    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
    group = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].add()
    group.a = 23
    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension][0].a)
    group.a = 42
    self.assertEqual(42, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension][0].a)
    group_list = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
    self.assertEqual(0, len(extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]))
    self.assertTrue(group_list is not extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    # Shouldn't be allowed to do Extensions[extension] = 'a'
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.setitem, extendee_proto.Extensions,
                      extension, 'a')

  def testNestedExtensions(self):
    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    extension = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single

    # We just test the non-repeated case.
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    required = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
    self.assertEqual(0, required.a)
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    required.a = 23
    self.assertEqual(23, extendee_proto.Extensions[extension].a)
    self.assertTrue(extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))
    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
    self.assertTrue(required is not extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])
    self.assertTrue(not extendee_proto.HasExtension(extension))

  # If message A directly contains message B, and
  # a.HasField('b') is currently False, then mutating any
  # extension in B should change a.HasField('b') to True
  # (and so on up the object tree).
  def testHasBitsForAncestorsOfExtendedMessage(self):
    # Optional scalar extension.
    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    self.assertEqual(0, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension])
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension] = 23
    self.assertEqual(23, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension])
    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))

    # Repeated scalar extension.
    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    self.assertEqual([], toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension])
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension].append(23)
    self.assertEqual([23], toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_int_extension])
    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))

    # Optional message extension.
    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    self.assertEqual(0, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension].foreign_message_int)
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension].foreign_message_int = 23
    self.assertEqual(23, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension].foreign_message_int)
    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))

    # Repeated message extension.
    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    self.assertEqual(0, len(toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension]))
    self.assertTrue(not toplevel.HasField('submessage'))
    foreign = toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension].add()
    self.assertEqual(foreign, toplevel.submessage.Extensions[
        more_extensions_pb2.repeated_message_extension][0])
    self.assertTrue(toplevel.HasField('submessage'))

  def testDisconnectionAfterClearingEmptyMessage(self):
    toplevel = more_extensions_pb2.TopLevelMessage()
    extendee_proto = toplevel.submessage
    extension = more_extensions_pb2.optional_message_extension
    extension_proto = extendee_proto.Extensions[extension]
    extendee_proto.ClearExtension(extension)
    extension_proto.foreign_message_int = 23

    self.assertTrue(extension_proto is not extendee_proto.Extensions[extension])

  def testExtensionFailureModes(self):
    extendee_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()

    # Try non-extension-handle arguments to HasExtension,
    # ClearExtension(), and Extensions[]...
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.HasExtension, 1234)
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.ClearExtension, 1234)
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__getitem__, 1234)
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__setitem__, 1234, 5)

    # Try something that *is* an extension handle, just not for
    # this message...
    unknown_handle = more_extensions_pb2.optional_int_extension
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.HasExtension,
                      unknown_handle)
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.ClearExtension,
                      unknown_handle)
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__getitem__,
                      unknown_handle)
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.Extensions.__setitem__,
                      unknown_handle, 5)

    # Try call HasExtension() with a valid handle, but for a
    # *repeated* field.  (Just as with non-extension repeated
    # fields, Has*() isn't supported for extension repeated fields).
    self.assertRaises(KeyError, extendee_proto.HasExtension,
                      unittest_pb2.repeated_string_extension)

  def testStaticParseFrom(self):
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    test_util.SetAllFields(proto1)

    string1 = proto1.SerializeToString()
    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.FromString(string1)

    # Messages should be equal.
    self.assertEqual(proto2, proto1)

  def testMergeFromSingularField(self):
    # Test merge with just a singular field.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto1.optional_int32 = 1

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    # This shouldn't get overwritten.
    proto2.optional_string = 'value'

    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.optional_int32)
    self.assertEqual('value', proto2.optional_string)

  def testMergeFromRepeatedField(self):
    # Test merge with just a repeated field.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto1.repeated_int32.append(1)
    proto1.repeated_int32.append(2)

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2.repeated_int32.append(0)
    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)

    self.assertEqual(0, proto2.repeated_int32[0])
    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.repeated_int32[1])
    self.assertEqual(2, proto2.repeated_int32[2])

  def testMergeFromOptionalGroup(self):
    # Test merge with an optional group.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto1.optionalgroup.a = 12
    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
    self.assertEqual(12, proto2.optionalgroup.a)

  def testMergeFromRepeatedNestedMessage(self):
    # Test merge with a repeated nested message.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    m = proto1.repeated_nested_message.add()
    m.bb = 123
    m = proto1.repeated_nested_message.add()
    m.bb = 321

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    m = proto2.repeated_nested_message.add()
    m.bb = 999
    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
    self.assertEqual(999, proto2.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
    self.assertEqual(123, proto2.repeated_nested_message[1].bb)
    self.assertEqual(321, proto2.repeated_nested_message[2].bb)

    proto3 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto3.repeated_nested_message.MergeFrom(proto2.repeated_nested_message)
    self.assertEqual(999, proto3.repeated_nested_message[0].bb)
    self.assertEqual(123, proto3.repeated_nested_message[1].bb)
    self.assertEqual(321, proto3.repeated_nested_message[2].bb)

  def testMergeFromAllFields(self):
    # With all fields set.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    test_util.SetAllFields(proto1)
    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)

    # Messages should be equal.
    self.assertEqual(proto2, proto1)

    # Serialized string should be equal too.
    string1 = proto1.SerializeToString()
    string2 = proto2.SerializeToString()
    self.assertEqual(string1, string2)

  def testMergeFromExtensionsSingular(self):
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    proto1.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 1

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
    self.assertEqual(
        1, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension])

  def testMergeFromExtensionsRepeated(self):
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    proto1.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(1)
    proto1.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(2)

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension].append(0)
    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
    self.assertEqual(
        3, len(proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension]))
    self.assertEqual(
        0, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension][0])
    self.assertEqual(
        1, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension][1])
    self.assertEqual(
        2, proto2.Extensions[unittest_pb2.repeated_int32_extension][2])

  def testMergeFromExtensionsNestedMessage(self):
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    ext1 = proto1.Extensions[
        unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension]
    m = ext1.add()
    m.bb = 222
    m = ext1.add()
    m.bb = 333

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    ext2 = proto2.Extensions[
        unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension]
    m = ext2.add()
    m.bb = 111

    proto2.MergeFrom(proto1)
    ext2 = proto2.Extensions[
        unittest_pb2.repeated_nested_message_extension]
    self.assertEqual(3, len(ext2))
    self.assertEqual(111, ext2[0].bb)
    self.assertEqual(222, ext2[1].bb)
    self.assertEqual(333, ext2[2].bb)

  def testMergeFromBug(self):
    message1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    message2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()

    # Cause optional_nested_message to be instantiated within message1, even
    # though it is not considered to be "present".
    message1.optional_nested_message
    self.assertFalse(message1.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

    # Merge into message2.  This should not instantiate the field is message2.
    message2.MergeFrom(message1)
    self.assertFalse(message2.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

  def testCopyFromSingularField(self):
    # Test copy with just a singular field.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto1.optional_int32 = 1
    proto1.optional_string = 'important-text'

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2.optional_string = 'value'

    proto2.CopyFrom(proto1)
    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.optional_int32)
    self.assertEqual('important-text', proto2.optional_string)

  def testCopyFromRepeatedField(self):
    # Test copy with a repeated field.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto1.repeated_int32.append(1)
    proto1.repeated_int32.append(2)

    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2.repeated_int32.append(0)
    proto2.CopyFrom(proto1)

    self.assertEqual(1, proto2.repeated_int32[0])
    self.assertEqual(2, proto2.repeated_int32[1])

  def testCopyFromAllFields(self):
    # With all fields set.
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    test_util.SetAllFields(proto1)
    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2.CopyFrom(proto1)

    # Messages should be equal.
    self.assertEqual(proto2, proto1)

    # Serialized string should be equal too.
    string1 = proto1.SerializeToString()
    string2 = proto2.SerializeToString()
    self.assertEqual(string1, string2)

  def testCopyFromSelf(self):
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto1.repeated_int32.append(1)
    proto1.optional_int32 = 2
    proto1.optional_string = 'important-text'

    proto1.CopyFrom(proto1)
    self.assertEqual(1, proto1.repeated_int32[0])
    self.assertEqual(2, proto1.optional_int32)
    self.assertEqual('important-text', proto1.optional_string)

  def testCopyFromBadType(self):
    # The python implementation doesn't raise an exception in this
    # case. In theory it should.
    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
      return
    proto1 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, proto1.CopyFrom, proto2)

  def testClear(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    test_util.SetAllFields(proto)
    # Clear the message.
    proto.Clear()
    self.assertEquals(proto.ByteSize(), 0)
    empty_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertEquals(proto, empty_proto)

    # Test if extensions which were set are cleared.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    test_util.SetAllExtensions(proto)
    # Clear the message.
    proto.Clear()
    self.assertEquals(proto.ByteSize(), 0)
    empty_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    self.assertEquals(proto, empty_proto)

  def assertInitialized(self, proto):
    self.assertTrue(proto.IsInitialized())
    # Neither method should raise an exception.
    proto.SerializeToString()
    proto.SerializePartialToString()

  def assertNotInitialized(self, proto):
    self.assertFalse(proto.IsInitialized())
    self.assertRaises(message.EncodeError, proto.SerializeToString)
    # "Partial" serialization doesn't care if message is uninitialized.
    proto.SerializePartialToString()

  def testIsInitialized(self):
    # Trivial cases - all optional fields and extensions.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertInitialized(proto)
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    self.assertInitialized(proto)

    # The case of uninitialized required fields.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
    self.assertNotInitialized(proto)
    proto.a = proto.b = proto.c = 2
    self.assertInitialized(proto)

    # The case of uninitialized submessage.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequiredForeign()
    self.assertInitialized(proto)
    proto.optional_message.a = 1
    self.assertNotInitialized(proto)
    proto.optional_message.b = 0
    proto.optional_message.c = 0
    self.assertInitialized(proto)

    # Uninitialized repeated submessage.
    message1 = proto.repeated_message.add()
    self.assertNotInitialized(proto)
    message1.a = message1.b = message1.c = 0
    self.assertInitialized(proto)

    # Uninitialized repeated group in an extension.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    extension = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.multi
    message1 = proto.Extensions[extension].add()
    message2 = proto.Extensions[extension].add()
    self.assertNotInitialized(proto)
    message1.a = 1
    message1.b = 1
    message1.c = 1
    self.assertNotInitialized(proto)
    message2.a = 2
    message2.b = 2
    message2.c = 2
    self.assertInitialized(proto)

    # Uninitialized nonrepeated message in an extension.
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    extension = unittest_pb2.TestRequired.single
    proto.Extensions[extension].a = 1
    self.assertNotInitialized(proto)
    proto.Extensions[extension].b = 2
    proto.Extensions[extension].c = 3
    self.assertInitialized(proto)

    # Try passing an errors list.
    errors = []
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
    self.assertFalse(proto.IsInitialized(errors))
    self.assertEqual(errors, ['a', 'b', 'c'])

  def testStringUTF8Encoding(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()

    # Assignment of a unicode object to a field of type 'bytes' is not allowed.
    self.assertRaises(TypeError,
                      setattr, proto, 'optional_bytes', u'unicode object')

    # Check that the default value is of python's 'unicode' type.
    self.assertEqual(type(proto.optional_string), unicode)

    proto.optional_string = unicode('Testing')
    self.assertEqual(proto.optional_string, str('Testing'))

    # Assign a value of type 'str' which can be encoded in UTF-8.
    proto.optional_string = str('Testing')
    self.assertEqual(proto.optional_string, unicode('Testing'))

    if api_implementation.Type() == 'python':
      # Values of type 'str' are also accepted as long as they can be
      # encoded in UTF-8.
      self.assertEqual(type(proto.optional_string), str)

    # Try to assign a 'str' value which contains bytes that aren't 7-bit ASCII.
    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
                      setattr, proto, 'optional_string', str('a\x80a'))
    # Assign a 'str' object which contains a UTF-8 encoded string.
    self.assertRaises(ValueError,
                      setattr, proto, 'optional_string', '????')
    # No exception thrown.
    proto.optional_string = 'abc'

  def testStringUTF8Serialization(self):
    proto = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSet()
    extension_message = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2
    extension = extension_message.message_set_extension

    test_utf8 = u'????'
    test_utf8_bytes = test_utf8.encode('utf-8')

    # 'Test' in another language, using UTF-8 charset.
    proto.Extensions[extension].str = test_utf8

    # Serialize using the MessageSet wire format (this is specified in the
    # .proto file).
    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()

    # Check byte size.
    self.assertEqual(proto.ByteSize(), len(serialized))

    raw = unittest_mset_pb2.RawMessageSet()
    raw.MergeFromString(serialized)

    message2 = unittest_mset_pb2.TestMessageSetExtension2()

    self.assertEqual(1, len(raw.item))
    # Check that the type_id is the same as the tag ID in the .proto file.
    self.assertEqual(raw.item[0].type_id, 1547769)

    # Check the actual bytes on the wire.
    self.assertTrue(
        raw.item[0].message.endswith(test_utf8_bytes))
    message2.MergeFromString(raw.item[0].message)

    self.assertEqual(type(message2.str), unicode)
    self.assertEqual(message2.str, test_utf8)

    # The pure Python API throws an exception on MergeFromString(),
    # if any of the string fields of the message can't be UTF-8 decoded.
    # The C++ implementation of the API has no way to check that on
    # MergeFromString and thus has no way to throw the exception.
    #
    # The pure Python API always returns objects of type 'unicode' (UTF-8
    # encoded), or 'str' (in 7 bit ASCII).
    bytes = raw.item[0].message.replace(
        test_utf8_bytes, len(test_utf8_bytes) * '\xff')

    unicode_decode_failed = False
    try:
      message2.MergeFromString(bytes)
    except UnicodeDecodeError, e:
      unicode_decode_failed = True
    string_field = message2.str
    self.assertTrue(unicode_decode_failed or type(string_field) == str)

  def testEmptyNestedMessage(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto.optional_nested_message.MergeFrom(
        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage())
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto.optional_nested_message.CopyFrom(
        unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes.NestedMessage())
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto.optional_nested_message.MergeFromString('')
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto.optional_nested_message.ParseFromString('')
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

    serialized = proto.SerializeToString()
    proto2 = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    proto2.MergeFromString(serialized)
    self.assertTrue(proto2.HasField('optional_nested_message'))

  def testSetInParent(self):
    proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.assertFalse(proto.HasField('optionalgroup'))
    proto.optionalgroup.SetInParent()
    self.assertTrue(proto.HasField('optionalgroup'))


#  Since we had so many tests for protocol buffer equality, we broke these out
#  into separate TestCase classes.


class TestAllTypesEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):

  def setUp(self):
    self.first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()

  def testNotHashable(self):
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, self.first_proto)

  def testSelfEquality(self):
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.first_proto)

  def testEmptyProtosEqual(self):
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)


class FullProtosEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):

  """Equality tests using completely-full protos as a starting point."""

  def setUp(self):
    self.first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    self.second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllTypes()
    test_util.SetAllFields(self.first_proto)
    test_util.SetAllFields(self.second_proto)

  def testNotHashable(self):
    self.assertRaises(TypeError, hash, self.first_proto)

  def testNoneNotEqual(self):
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, None)
    self.assertNotEqual(None, self.second_proto)

  def testNotEqualToOtherMessage(self):
    third_proto = unittest_pb2.TestRequired()
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, third_proto)
    self.assertNotEqual(third_proto, self.second_proto)

  def testAllFieldsFilledEquality(self):
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)

  def testNonRepeatedScalar(self):
    # Nonrepeated scalar field change should cause inequality.
    self.first_proto.optional_int32 += 1
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    # ...as should clearing a field.
    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)

  def testNonRepeatedComposite(self):
    # Change a nonrepeated composite field.
    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb += 1
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb -= 1
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    # Clear a field in the nested message.
    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.ClearField('bb')
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb = (
        self.second_proto.optional_nested_message.bb)
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    # Remove the nested message entirely.
    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)

  def testRepeatedScalar(self):
    # Change a repeated scalar field.
    self.first_proto.repeated_int32.append(5)
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    self.first_proto.ClearField('repeated_int32')
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)

  def testRepeatedComposite(self):
    # Change value within a repeated composite field.
    self.first_proto.repeated_nested_message[0].bb += 1
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    self.first_proto.repeated_nested_message[0].bb -= 1
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    # Add a value to a repeated composite field.
    self.first_proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    self.second_proto.repeated_nested_message.add()
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)

  def testNonRepeatedScalarHasBits(self):
    # Ensure that we test "has" bits as well as value for
    # nonrepeated scalar field.
    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_int32')
    self.second_proto.optional_int32 = 0
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)

  def testNonRepeatedCompositeHasBits(self):
    # Ensure that we test "has" bits as well as value for
    # nonrepeated composite field.
    self.first_proto.ClearField('optional_nested_message')
    self.second_proto.optional_nested_message.ClearField('bb')
    self.assertNotEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)
    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.bb = 0
    self.first_proto.optional_nested_message.ClearField('bb')
    self.assertEqual(self.first_proto, self.second_proto)


class ExtensionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):

  def testExtensionEquality(self):
    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
    test_util.SetAllExtensions(first_proto)
    self.assertNotEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
    test_util.SetAllExtensions(second_proto)
    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)

    # Ensure that we check value equality.
    first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] += 1
    self.assertNotEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
    first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] -= 1
    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)

    # Ensure that we also look at "has" bits.
    first_proto.ClearExtension(unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension)
    second_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 0
    self.assertNotEqual(first_proto, second_proto)
    first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension] = 0
    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)

    # Ensure that differences in cached values
    # don't matter if "has" bits are both false.
    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    second_proto = unittest_pb2.TestAllExtensions()
    self.assertEqual(
        0, first_proto.Extensions[unittest_pb2.optional_int32_extension])
    self.assertEqual(first_proto, second_proto)


class MutualRecursionEqualityTest(unittest.TestCase):

  def testEqualityWithMutualRecursion(self):
    first_proto = unittest_pb2.TestMutualRecursionA()
    second_proto = unittest_pb2.Tes