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/ResultSet4/pages/http:::en.wikipedia.org:wiki:Web_search_engine

https://github.com/charnugagoo/WebCrawler
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  47. 						<!-- firstHeading -->
    48. 

  48. 			<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">Web search engine</span></h1>
    49. 

  49. 			<!-- /firstHeading -->
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  50. 			<!-- bodyContent -->
    51. 

  51. 			<div id="bodyContent">
    52. 

  52. 								<!-- tagline -->
    53. 

  53. 				<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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  54. 				<!-- /tagline -->
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  55. 								<!-- subtitle -->
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  59. 				<div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">
    60. 

  60. 					Jump to:					<a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, 					<a href="#p-search">search</a>
    61. 

  61. 				</div>
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  63. 								<!-- bodycontent -->
    64. 

  64. 				<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="dablink">"Search engine" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_(disambiguation)" title="Search engine (disambiguation)">Search engine (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
    65. 

  65. <p>A <b>web search engine</b> is software code that is designed to search for information on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_results_pages" title="Search engine results pages" class="mw-redirect">search engine results pages</a> (SERP's). The information may be a specialist in <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web pages</a>, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also <a href="/wiki/Data_mining" title="Data mining">mine data</a> available in <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">databases</a> or <a href="/wiki/Web_directory" title="Web directory">open directories</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Web_directories" title="Web directories" class="mw-redirect">web directories</a>, which are maintained only by human editors, search engines also maintain <a href="/wiki/Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">real-time</a> information by running an <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithm</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">web crawler</a>.</p>
    66. 

  66. <table id="toc" class="toc">
    67. 

  67. <tr>
    68. 

  68. <td>
    69. 

  69. <div id="toctitle">
    70. 

  70. <h2>Contents</h2>
    71. 

  71. </div>
    72. 

  72. <ul>
    73. 

  73. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
    74. 

  74. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#How_web_search_engines_work"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">How web search engines work</span></a></li>
    75. 

  75. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Market_share"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Market share</span></a></li>
    76. 

  76. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Search_engine_bias"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Search engine bias</span></a></li>
    77. 

  77. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Customized_results_and_filter_bubbles"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Customized results and filter bubbles</span></a></li>
    78. 

  78. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
    79. 

  79. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
    80. 

  80. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
    81. 

  81. <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
    82. 

  82. </ul>
    83. 

  83. </td>
    84. 

  84. </tr>
    85. 

  85. </table>
    86. 

  86. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
    87. 

  87. <table class="bordered infobox">
    88. 

  88. <tr>
    89. 

  89. <th colspan="3">Timeline (<a href="/wiki/List_of_search_engines" title="List of search engines">full list</a>)</th>
    90. 

  90. </tr>
    91. 

  91. <tr>
    92. 

  92. <th>Year</th>
    93. 

  93. <th>Engine</th>
    94. 

  94. <th>Current status</th>
    95. 

  95. </tr>
    96. 

  96. <tr>
    97. 

  97. <td rowspan="2">1993</td>
    98. 

  98. <td><a href="/wiki/W3Catalog" title="W3Catalog">W3Catalog</a></td>
    99. 

  99. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    100. 

  100. </tr>
    101. 

  101. <tr>
    102. 

  102. <td><a href="/wiki/Aliweb" title="Aliweb">Aliweb</a></td>
    103. 

  103. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    104. 

  104. </tr>
    105. 

  105. <tr>
    106. 

  106. <td rowspan="3">1994</td>
    107. 

  107. <td><a href="/wiki/WebCrawler" title="WebCrawler">WebCrawler</a></td>
    108. 

  108. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Aggregator</td>
    109. 

  109. </tr>
    110. 

  110. <tr>
    111. 

  111. <td><a href="/wiki/Go.com" title="Go.com">Go.com</a></td>
    112. 

  112. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Yahoo Search</td>
    113. 

  113. </tr>
    114. 

  114. <tr>
    115. 

  115. <td><a href="/wiki/Lycos" title="Lycos">Lycos</a></td>
    116. 

  116. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    117. 

  117. </tr>
    118. 

  118. <tr>
    119. 

  119. <td rowspan="6">1995</td>
    120. 

  120. <td><a href="/wiki/AltaVista" title="AltaVista">AltaVista</a></td>
    121. 

  121. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Yahoo Search</td>
    122. 

  122. </tr>
    123. 

  123. <tr>
    124. 

  124. <td><a href="/wiki/Daum_Communications" title="Daum Communications">Daum</a></td>
    125. 

  125. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    126. 

  126. </tr>
    127. 

  127. <tr>
    128. 

  128. <td><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(search_engine)" title="Magellan (search engine)" class="mw-redirect">Magellan</a></td>
    129. 

  129. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    130. 

  130. </tr>
    131. 

  131. <tr>
    132. 

  132. <td><a href="/wiki/Excite" title="Excite">Excite</a></td>
    133. 

  133. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    134. 

  134. </tr>
    135. 

  135. <tr>
    136. 

  136. <td><a href="/wiki/SAPO_(company)" title="SAPO (company)">SAPO</a></td>
    137. 

  137. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    138. 

  138. </tr>
    139. 

  139. <tr>
    140. 

  140. <td><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a></td>
    141. 

  141. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Launched as a directory</td>
    142. 

  142. </tr>
    143. 

  143. <tr>
    144. 

  144. <td rowspan="4">1996</td>
    145. 

  145. <td><a href="/wiki/Dogpile" title="Dogpile">Dogpile</a></td>
    146. 

  146. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Aggregator</td>
    147. 

  147. </tr>
    148. 

  148. <tr>
    149. 

  149. <td><a href="/wiki/Inktomi_(company)" title="Inktomi (company)" class="mw-redirect">Inktomi</a></td>
    150. 

  150. <td>Acquired by Yahoo!</td>
    151. 

  151. </tr>
    152. 

  152. <tr>
    153. 

  153. <td><a href="/wiki/HotBot" title="HotBot">HotBot</a></td>
    154. 

  154. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active (lycos.com)</td>
    155. 

  155. </tr>
    156. 

  156. <tr>
    157. 

  157. <td><a href="/wiki/Ask.com" title="Ask.com">Ask Jeeves</a></td>
    158. 

  158. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active (rebranded ask.com)</td>
    159. 

  159. </tr>
    160. 

  160. <tr>
    161. 

  161. <td rowspan="2">1997</td>
    162. 

  162. <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_Group" title="Northern Light Group">Northern Light</a></td>
    163. 

  163. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    164. 

  164. </tr>
    165. 

  165. <tr>
    166. 

  166. <td><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></td>
    167. 

  167. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    168. 

  168. </tr>
    169. 

  169. <tr>
    170. 

  170. <td rowspan="3">1998</td>
    171. 

  171. <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goto_Search&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Goto Search (page does not exist)">Goto</a></td>
    172. 

  172. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    173. 

  173. </tr>
    174. 

  174. <tr>
    175. 

  175. <td><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google</a></td>
    176. 

  176. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    177. 

  177. </tr>
    178. 

  178. <tr>
    179. 

  179. <td><a href="/wiki/MSN_Search" title="MSN Search" class="mw-redirect">MSN Search</a></td>
    180. 

  180. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active as Bing</td>
    181. 

  181. </tr>
    182. 

  182. <tr>
    183. 

  183. <td rowspan="5">1999</td>
    184. 

  184. <td><a href="/wiki/AlltheWeb" title="AlltheWeb">AlltheWeb</a></td>
    185. 

  185. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)</td>
    186. 

  186. </tr>
    187. 

  187. <tr>
    188. 

  188. <td><a href="/wiki/GenieKnows" title="GenieKnows">GenieKnows</a></td>
    189. 

  189. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, rebranded Yellowee.com</td>
    190. 

  190. </tr>
    191. 

  191. <tr>
    192. 

  192. <td><a href="/wiki/Naver" title="Naver">Naver</a></td>
    193. 

  193. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    194. 

  194. </tr>
    195. 

  195. <tr>
    196. 

  196. <td><a href="/wiki/Teoma" title="Teoma">Teoma</a></td>
    197. 

  197. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    198. 

  198. </tr>
    199. 

  199. <tr>
    200. 

  200. <td><a href="/wiki/Vivisimo" title="Vivisimo">Vivisimo</a></td>
    201. 

  201. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    202. 

  202. </tr>
    203. 

  203. <tr>
    204. 

  204. <td rowspan="2">2000</td>
    205. 

  205. <td><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a></td>
    206. 

  206. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    207. 

  207. </tr>
    208. 

  208. <tr>
    209. 

  209. <td><a href="/wiki/Exalead" title="Exalead">Exalead</a></td>
    210. 

  210. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    211. 

  211. </tr>
    212. 

  212. <tr>
    213. 

  213. <td>2002</td>
    214. 

  214. <td><a href="/wiki/Inktomi_(company)" title="Inktomi (company)" class="mw-redirect">Inktomi</a></td>
    215. 

  215. <td>Acquired by Yahoo!</td>
    216. 

  216. </tr>
    217. 

  217. <tr>
    218. 

  218. <td>2003</td>
    219. 

  219. <td><a href="/wiki/Info.com" title="Info.com">Info.com</a></td>
    220. 

  220. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    221. 

  221. </tr>
    222. 

  222. <tr>
    223. 

  223. <td rowspan="3">2004</td>
    224. 

  224. <td><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Search" title="Yahoo! Search">Yahoo! Search</a></td>
    225. 

  225. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Launched own web search<br />
    226. 

  226. (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995)</td>
    227. 

  227. </tr>
    228. 

  228. <tr>
    229. 

  229. <td><a href="/wiki/A9.com" title="A9.com">A9.com</a></td>
    230. 

  230. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    231. 

  231. </tr>
    232. 

  232. <tr>
    233. 

  233. <td><a href="/wiki/Sogou.com" title="Sogou.com">Sogou</a></td>
    234. 

  234. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    235. 

  235. </tr>
    236. 

  236. <tr>
    237. 

  237. <td rowspan="4">2005</td>
    238. 

  238. <td><a href="/wiki/AOL_Search" title="AOL Search" class="mw-redirect">AOL Search</a></td>
    239. 

  239. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    240. 

  240. </tr>
    241. 

  241. <tr>
    242. 

  242. <td><a href="/wiki/Ask.com" title="Ask.com">Ask.com</a></td>
    243. 

  243. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    244. 

  244. </tr>
    245. 

  245. <tr>
    246. 

  246. <td><a href="/wiki/GoodSearch" title="GoodSearch">GoodSearch</a></td>
    247. 

  247. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    248. 

  248. </tr>
    249. 

  249. <tr>
    250. 

  250. <td><a href="/wiki/SearchMe" title="SearchMe">SearchMe</a></td>
    251. 

  251. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    252. 

  252. </tr>
    253. 

  253. <tr>
    254. 

  254. <td rowspan="6">2006</td>
    255. 

  255. <td><a href="/wiki/Wikiseek" title="Wikiseek">wikiseek</a></td>
    256. 

  256. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    257. 

  257. </tr>
    258. 

  258. <tr>
    259. 

  259. <td><a href="/wiki/Quaero" title="Quaero">Quaero</a></td>
    260. 

  260. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    261. 

  261. </tr>
    262. 

  262. <tr>
    263. 

  263. <td><a href="/wiki/Ask.com" title="Ask.com">Ask.com</a></td>
    264. 

  264. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    265. 

  265. </tr>
    266. 

  266. <tr>
    267. 

  267. <td><a href="/wiki/Live_Search" title="Live Search" class="mw-redirect">Live Search</a></td>
    268. 

  268. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active as Bing, Launched as<br />
    269. 

  269. rebranded MSN Search</td>
    270. 

  270. </tr>
    271. 

  271. <tr>
    272. 

  272. <td><a href="/wiki/ChaCha_(search_engine)" title="ChaCha (search engine)">ChaCha</a></td>
    273. 

  273. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    274. 

  274. </tr>
    275. 

  275. <tr>
    276. 

  276. <td><a href="/wiki/Guruji.com" title="Guruji.com">Guruji.com</a></td>
    277. 

  277. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    278. 

  278. </tr>
    279. 

  279. <tr>
    280. 

  280. <td rowspan="4">2007</td>
    281. 

  281. <td><a href="/wiki/Wikiseek" title="Wikiseek">wikiseek</a></td>
    282. 

  282. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    283. 

  283. </tr>
    284. 

  284. <tr>
    285. 

  285. <td><a href="/wiki/Sproose" title="Sproose">Sproose</a></td>
    286. 

  286. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    287. 

  287. </tr>
    288. 

  288. <tr>
    289. 

  289. <td><a href="/wiki/Wikia_Search" title="Wikia Search">Wikia Search</a></td>
    290. 

  290. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    291. 

  291. </tr>
    292. 

  292. <tr>
    293. 

  293. <td><a href="/wiki/Blackle.com" title="Blackle.com" class="mw-redirect">Blackle.com</a></td>
    294. 

  294. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    295. 

  295. </tr>
    296. 

  296. <tr>
    297. 

  297. <td rowspan="7">2008</td>
    298. 

  298. <td><a href="/wiki/Powerset_(company)" title="Powerset (company)">Powerset</a></td>
    299. 

  299. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive (redirects to Bing)</td>
    300. 

  300. </tr>
    301. 

  301. <tr>
    302. 

  302. <td><a href="/wiki/Picollator" title="Picollator">Picollator</a></td>
    303. 

  303. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    304. 

  304. </tr>
    305. 

  305. <tr>
    306. 

  306. <td><a href="/wiki/Viewzi" title="Viewzi">Viewzi</a></td>
    307. 

  307. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    308. 

  308. </tr>
    309. 

  309. <tr>
    310. 

  310. <td><a href="/wiki/Boogami" title="Boogami">Boogami</a></td>
    311. 

  311. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    312. 

  312. </tr>
    313. 

  313. <tr>
    314. 

  314. <td><a href="/wiki/LeapFish" title="LeapFish">LeapFish</a></td>
    315. 

  315. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    316. 

  316. </tr>
    317. 

  317. <tr>
    318. 

  318. <td><a href="/wiki/Forestle" title="Forestle">Forestle</a></td>
    319. 

  319. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive (redirects to Ecosia)</td>
    320. 

  320. </tr>
    321. 

  321. <tr>
    322. 

  322. <td><a href="/wiki/DuckDuckGo" title="DuckDuckGo">DuckDuckGo</a></td>
    323. 

  323. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    324. 

  324. </tr>
    325. 

  325. <tr>
    326. 

  326. <td rowspan="4">2009</td>
    327. 

  327. <td><a href="/wiki/Bing" title="Bing">Bing</a></td>
    328. 

  328. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Launched as<br />
    329. 

  329. rebranded Live Search</td>
    330. 

  330. </tr>
    331. 

  331. <tr>
    332. 

  332. <td><a href="/wiki/Yebol" title="Yebol">Yebol</a></td>
    333. 

  333. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    334. 

  334. </tr>
    335. 

  335. <tr>
    336. 

  336. <td><a href="/wiki/Mugurdy" title="Mugurdy">Mugurdy</a></td>
    337. 

  337. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive due to a lack of funding</td>
    338. 

  338. </tr>
    339. 

  339. <tr>
    340. 

  340. <td><a href="/wiki/Goby_Inc." title="Goby Inc." class="mw-redirect">Goby</a></td>
    341. 

  341. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    342. 

  342. </tr>
    343. 

  343. <tr>
    344. 

  344. <td rowspan="4">2010</td>
    345. 

  345. <td><a href="/wiki/Blekko" title="Blekko">Blekko</a></td>
    346. 

  346. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    347. 

  347. </tr>
    348. 

  348. <tr>
    349. 

  349. <td><a href="/wiki/Cuil" title="Cuil">Cuil</a></td>
    350. 

  350. <td style="background: #FF9090; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="inactive table-siteinactive">Inactive</td>
    351. 

  351. </tr>
    352. 

  352. <tr>
    353. 

  353. <td><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></td>
    354. 

  354. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Launched global<br />
    355. 

  355. (English) search</td>
    356. 

  356. </tr>
    357. 

  357. <tr>
    358. 

  358. <td><a href="/wiki/Yummly" title="Yummly">Yummly</a></td>
    359. 

  359. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    360. 

  360. </tr>
    361. 

  361. <tr>
    362. 

  362. <td rowspan="2">2011</td>
    363. 

  363. <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interred_educational_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Interred educational search engine (page does not exist)">Interred</a></td>
    364. 

  364. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active as Interredu</td>
    365. 

  365. </tr>
    366. 

  366. <tr>
    367. 

  367. <td><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></td>
    368. 

  368. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, Launched Turkey search</td>
    369. 

  369. </tr>
    370. 

  370. <tr>
    371. 

  371. <td rowspan="3">2012</td>
    372. 

  372. <td><a href="/wiki/Volunia" title="Volunia">Volunia</a></td>
    373. 

  373. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    374. 

  374. </tr>
    375. 

  375. <tr>
    376. 

  376. <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interredu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Interredu (page does not exist)">Interredu</a></td>
    377. 

  377. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active</td>
    378. 

  378. </tr>
    379. 

  379. <tr>
    380. 

  380. <td><a href="/wiki/Open_Drive" title="Open Drive">Open Drive</a></td>
    381. 

  381. <td style="background: #90FF90; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="active table-siteactive">Active, <a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">cloud</a> file search</td>
    382. 

  382. </tr>
    383. 

  383. </table>
    384. 

  384. <p>During the early development of the web, there was a list of <a href="/wiki/Webserver" title="Webserver" class="mw-redirect">webservers</a> edited by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> and hosted on the <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> webserver. One historical snapshot from 1992 remains.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> As more webservers went online the central list could not keep up. On the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Supercomputing_Applications" title="National Center for Supercomputing Applications">NCSA</a> site new servers were announced under the title "What's New!"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
    385. 

  385. <p>The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was <a href="/wiki/Archie_search_engine" title="Archie search engine">Archie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeidenUnivSE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeidenUnivSE-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The name stands for "archive" without the "v". It was created in 1990 by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Emtage" title="Alan Emtage">Alan Emtage</a>, Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>. The program downloaded the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP (<a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a>) sites, creating a searchable database of file names; however, Archie did not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data was so limited it could be readily searched manually.</p>
    386. 

  386. <p>The rise of <a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a> (created in 1991 by <a href="/wiki/Mark_McCahill" title="Mark McCahill" class="mw-redirect">Mark McCahill</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>) led to two new search programs, <a href="/wiki/Veronica_(computer)" title="Veronica (computer)" class="mw-redirect">Veronica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jughead_(computer)" title="Jughead (computer)" class="mw-redirect">Jughead</a>. Like Archie, they searched the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (<i>V</i>ery <i>E</i>asy <i>R</i>odent-<i>O</i>riented <i>N</i>et-wide <i>I</i>ndex to <i>C</i>omputerized <i>A</i>rchives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (<i>J</i>onzy's <i>U</i>niversal <i>G</i>opher <i>H</i>ierarchy <i>E</i>xcavation <i>A</i>nd <i>D</i>isplay) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine "Archie" was not a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Archie_Comics" title="Archie Comics">Archie comic book</a> series, "<a href="/wiki/Veronica_Lodge" title="Veronica Lodge">Veronica</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Jughead_Jones" title="Jughead Jones">Jughead</a>" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.</p>
    387. 

  387. <p>In the summer of 1993, no search engine existed for the web, though numerous specialized catalogues were maintained by hand. <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Nierstrasz" title="Oscar Nierstrasz">Oscar Nierstrasz</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a> wrote a series of <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> scripts that periodically mirrored these pages and rewrote them into a standard format. This formed the basis for <a href="/wiki/W3Catalog" title="W3Catalog">W3Catalog</a>, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Announcement_html_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Announcement_html-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
    388. 

  388. <p>In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, produced what was probably the first <a href="/wiki/Web_robot" title="Web robot" class="mw-redirect">web robot</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>-based <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Wanderer" title="World Wide Web Wanderer">World Wide Web Wanderer</a>, and used it to generate an index called 'Wandex'. The purpose of the Wanderer was to measure the size of the World Wide Web, which it did until late 1995. The web's second search engine <a href="/wiki/Aliweb" title="Aliweb">Aliweb</a> appeared in November 1993. Aliweb did not use a <a href="/wiki/Web_robot" title="Web robot" class="mw-redirect">web robot</a>, but instead depended on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format.</p>
    389. 

  389. <p><a href="/wiki/JumpStation" title="JumpStation">JumpStation</a> (released in December 1993<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>) used a <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">web robot</a> to find web pages and to build its index, and used a <a href="/wiki/Web_form" title="Web form" class="mw-redirect">web form</a> as the interface to its query program. It was thus the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching) as described below. Because of the limited resources available on the platform it ran on, its indexing and hence searching were limited to the titles and headings found in the web pages the crawler encountered.</p>
    390. 

  390. <p>One of the first "all text" crawler-based search engines was <a href="/wiki/WebCrawler" title="WebCrawler">WebCrawler</a>, which came out in 1994. Unlike its predecessors, it allowed users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. It was also the first one widely known by the public. Also in 1994, <a href="/wiki/Lycos" title="Lycos">Lycos</a> (which started at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor.</p>
    391. 

  391. <p>Soon after, many search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included <a href="/wiki/Magellan_(search_engine)" title="Magellan (search engine)" class="mw-redirect">Magellan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Excite" title="Excite">Excite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infoseek" title="Infoseek">Infoseek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inktomi_(company)" title="Inktomi (company)" class="mw-redirect">Inktomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Light_Group" title="Northern Light Group">Northern Light</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AltaVista" title="AltaVista">AltaVista</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its <a href="/wiki/Web_directory" title="Web directory">web directory</a>, rather than its full-text copies of web pages. Information seekers could also browse the directory instead of doing a keyword-based search.</p>
    392. 

  392. <p>Google adopted the idea of selling search terms in 1998, from a small search engine company named <i>goto.com</i>. This move had a significant effect on the SE business, which went from struggling to one of the most profitable businesses in the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
    393. 

  393. <p>In 1996, <a href="/wiki/Netscape" title="Netscape">Netscape</a> was looking to give a single search engine an exclusive deal as the featured search engine on Netscape's web browser. There was so much interest that instead Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page. The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
    394. 

  394. <p>Search engines were also known as some of the brightest stars in the Internet investing frenzy that occurred in the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Several companies entered the market spectacularly, receiving record gains during their <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offerings</a>. Some have taken down their public search engine, and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light. Many search engine companies were caught up in the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, a speculation-driven market boom that peaked in 1999 and ended in 2001.</p>
    395. 

  395. <p>Around 2000, <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google's search engine</a> rose to prominence.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> The company achieved better results for many searches with an innovation called <a href="/wiki/PageRank" title="PageRank">PageRank</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Iterative_algorithm" title="Iterative algorithm" class="mw-redirect">iterative algorithm</a> ranks web pages based on the number and PageRank of other web sites and pages that link there, on the premise that good or desirable pages are linked to more than others. Google also maintained a minimalist interface to its search engine. In contrast, many of its competitors embedded a search engine in a <a href="/wiki/Web_portal" title="Web portal">web portal</a>.</p>
    396. 

  396. <p>By 2000, Yahoo! was providing search services based on Inktomi's search engine. Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and <a href="/wiki/Overture" title="Overture">Overture</a> (which owned <a href="/wiki/AlltheWeb" title="AlltheWeb">AlltheWeb</a> and AltaVista) in 2003. Yahoo! switched to Google's search engine until 2004, when it launched its own search engine based on the combined technologies of its acquisitions.</p>
    397. 

  397. <p>Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi. In early 1999 the site began to display listings from <a href="/wiki/Looksmart" title="Looksmart" class="mw-redirect">Looksmart</a>, blended with results from Inktomi. For a short time in 1999, MSN Search used results from AltaVista were instead. In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> began a transition to its own search technology, powered by its own <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">web crawler</a> (called <a href="/wiki/Msnbot" title="Msnbot">msnbot</a>).</p>
    398. 

  398. <p>Microsoft's rebranded search engine, <a href="/wiki/Bing" title="Bing">Bing</a>, was launched on June 1, 2009. On July 29, 2009, Yahoo! and Microsoft finalized a deal in which <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Search" title="Yahoo! Search">Yahoo! Search</a> would be powered by Microsoft Bing technology.</p>
    399. 

  399. <p>In 2012, following the April 24 release of <a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Google Drive</a>, Google released the <a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#Beta" title="Software release life cycle">Beta</a> version of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendrive.mcommulticartes.com/start">Open Drive</a> (available as a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/#detail/open-drive/biagdapeolcddppdgcocjkdjfhlodegf">Chrome app</a>) to enable the search of files in <a href="/wiki/Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">the cloud</a> that are publicly shared.</p>
    400. 

  400. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: How web search engines work">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="How_web_search_engines_work">How web search engines work</span></h2>
    401. 

  401. <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" style="">
    402. 

  402. <tr>
    403. 

  403. <td class="mbox-image">
    404. 

  404. <div style="width: 52px;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f4/Ambox_content.png" width="40" height="40" /></div>
    405. 

  405. </td>
    406. 

  406. <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please <a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:References" title="Wikipedia:References" class="mw-redirect">references</a>. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed.</span> <small><i>(October 2012)</i></small> </span></td>
    407. 

  407. </tr>
    408. 

  408. </table>
    409. 

  409. <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" style="">
    410. 

  410. <tr>
    411. 

  411. <td class="mbox-image">
    412. 

  412. <div style="width: 52px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="Question book-new.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" width="50" height="39" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" /></a></div>
    413. 

  413. </td>
    414. 

  414. <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">Please help improve this section by <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1" title="Help:Introduction to referencing/1">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <small><i>(October 2012)</i></small> </span></td>
    415. 

  415. </tr>
    416. 

  416. </table>
    417. 

  417. <p>A search engine operates in the following order:</p>
    418. 

  418. <ol>
    419. 

  419. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_crawling" title="Web crawling" class="mw-redirect">Web crawling</a></li>
    420. 

  420. <li><a href="/wiki/Index_(search_engine)" title="Index (search engine)" class="mw-redirect">Indexing</a></li>
    421. 

  421. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_search_query" title="Web search query">Searching</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jawadekar2011_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawadekar2011-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
    422. 

  422. </ol>
    423. 

  423. <p>Web search engines work by storing information about many web pages, which they retrieve from the <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> itself. These pages are retrieved by a <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">Web crawler</a> (sometimes also known as a spider) — an automated Web browser which follows every link on the site. Exclusions can be made by the use of <a href="/wiki/Robots.txt" title="Robots.txt" class="mw-redirect">robots.txt</a>. The contents of each page are then analyzed to determine how it should be <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_indexing" title="Search engine indexing">indexed</a> (for example, words can be extracted from the titles, page content, headings, or special fields called <a href="/wiki/Meta_tags" title="Meta tags" class="mw-redirect">meta tags</a>). Data about web pages are stored in an index database for use in later queries. A query can be a single word. The index helps find information as quickly as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Jawadekar2011_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawadekar2011-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Some search engines, such as <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, store all or part of the source page (referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">cache</a>) as well as information about the web pages, whereas others, such as <a href="/wiki/AltaVista" title="AltaVista">AltaVista</a>, store every word of every page they find.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2012">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This cached page always holds the actual search text since it is the one that was actually indexed, so it can be very useful when the content of the current page has been updated and the search terms are no longer in it.<sup id="cite_ref-Jawadekar2011_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawadekar2011-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> This problem might be considered a mild form of <a href="/wiki/Linkrot" title="Linkrot" class="mw-redirect">linkrot</a>, and Google's handling of it increases <a href="/wiki/Usability" title="Usability">usability</a> by satisfying <a href="/wiki/User_expectations" title="User expectations">user expectations</a> that the search terms will be on the returned webpage. This satisfies the <a href="/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment" title="Principle of least astonishment">principle of least astonishment</a>, since the user normally expects that the search terms will be on the returned pages. Increased search relevance makes these cached pages very useful, even beyond the fact that they may contain data that may no longer be available elsewhere.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2012">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
    424. 

  424. <div class="thumb tright">
    425. 

  425. <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg/220px-WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg.png" width="220" height="168" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg/330px-WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg/440px-WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg.png 2x" /></a>
    426. 

  426. <div class="thumbcaption">
    427. 

  427. <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:WebCrawlerArchitecture.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf8/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a></div>
    428. 

  428. High-level architecture of a standard Web crawler</div>
    429. 

  429. </div>
    430. 

  430. </div>
    431. 

  431. <p>When a user enters a <a href="/wiki/Web_search_query" title="Web search query">query</a> into a search engine (typically by using <a href="/wiki/Keyword_(Internet_search)" title="Keyword (Internet search)" class="mw-redirect">keywords</a>), the engine examines its <a href="/wiki/Inverted_index" title="Inverted index">index</a> and provides a listing of best-matching web pages according to its criteria, usually with a short summary containing the document's title and sometimes parts of the text. The index is built from the information stored with the data and the method by which the information is indexed.<sup id="cite_ref-Jawadekar2011_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawadekar2011-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> As early as 2007 the Google.com search engine has allowed one to search by date by clicking 'Show search tools' in the leftmost column of the initial search results page, and then selecting the desired date range.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2012">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most search engines support the use of the <a href="/wiki/Boolean_operators" title="Boolean operators" class="mw-redirect">boolean operators</a> AND, OR and NOT to further specify the <a href="/wiki/Web_search_query" title="Web search query">search query</a>. Boolean operators are for literal searches that allow the user to refine and extend the terms of the search. The engine looks for the words or phrases exactly as entered. Some search engines provide an advanced feature called <a href="/wiki/Proximity_search_(text)" title="Proximity search (text)">proximity search</a>, which allows users to define the distance between keywords.<sup id="cite_ref-Jawadekar2011_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawadekar2011-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> There is also concept-based searching where the research involves using statistical analysis on pages containing the words or phrases you search for. As well, natural language queries allow the user to type a question in the same form one would ask it to a human. A site like this would be ask.com.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from November 2012">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p>
    432. 

  432. <p>The usefulness of a search engine depends on the <a href="/wiki/Relevance_(information_retrieval)" title="Relevance (information retrieval)">relevance</a> of the <b>result set</b> it gives back. While there may be millions of web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to <a href="/wiki/Rank_order" title="Rank order" class="mw-redirect">rank</a> the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another.<sup id="cite_ref-Jawadekar2011_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jawadekar2011-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve. There are two main types of search engine that have evolved: one is a system of predefined and hierarchically ordered keywords that humans have programmed extensively. The other is a system that generates an "<a href="/wiki/Inverted_index" title="Inverted index">inverted index</a>" by analyzing texts it locates. This first form relies much more heavily on the computer itself to do the bulk of the work.</p>
    433. 

  433. <p>Most Web search engines are commercial ventures supported by <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> revenue and, as a result, some employ, the practice of allowing advertisers to <a href="/wiki/Paid_inclusion" title="Paid inclusion">pay money to have their listings ranked</a> higher in search results. Search engines that don't accept money for their search results make money by <a href="/wiki/Contextual_advertising" title="Contextual advertising">running search related ads</a> alongside the regular search engine results. The search engines make money every time someone clicks on one of these ads.</p>
    434. 

  434. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Market share">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Market_share">Market share</span></h2>
    435. 

  435. <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" style="">
    436. 

  436. <tr>
    437. 

  437. <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="image"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" width="20" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" /></a></td>
    438. 

  438. <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span">This section requires <a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit">expansion</a> with: Information about national search engines like <a href="/wiki/StatCounter" title="StatCounter">StatCounter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naver" title="Naver">Naver</a> and their market share in respective countries.. <small><i>(October 2011)</i></small></span></td>
    439. 

  439. </tr>
    440. 

  440. </table>
    441. 

  441. <table class="wikitable sortable">
    442. 

  442. <tr>
    443. 

  443. <th>Search engine</th>
    444. 

  444. <th colspan="2">Market share in May 2011</th>
    445. 

  445. <th colspan="2">Market share in December 2010<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></th>
    446. 

  446. </tr>
    447. 

  447. <tr>
    448. 

  448. <td><a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google</a></td>
    449. 

  449. <td style="text-align:right;">82.80%</td>
    450. 

  450. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">82.8</span>
    451. 

  451. <div style="width:165.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    452. 

  452. </td>
    453. 

  453. <td style="text-align:right;">84.65%</td>
    454. 

  454. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">84.65</span>
    455. 

  455. <div style="width:169.3px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    456. 

  456. </td>
    457. 

  457. </tr>
    458. 

  458. <tr>
    459. 

  459. <td><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a></td>
    460. 

  460. <td style="text-align:right;">6.42%</td>
    461. 

  461. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">6.42</span>
    462. 

  462. <div style="width:12.84px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    463. 

  463. </td>
    464. 

  464. <td style="text-align:right;">6.69%</td>
    465. 

  465. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">6.69</span>
    466. 

  466. <div style="width:13.38px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    467. 

  467. </td>
    468. 

  468. </tr>
    469. 

  469. <tr>
    470. 

  470. <td><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu</a></td>
    471. 

  471. <td style="text-align:right;">4.89%</td>
    472. 

  472. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">4.89</span>
    473. 

  473. <div style="width:9.78px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    474. 

  474. </td>
    475. 

  475. <td style="text-align:right;">3.39%</td>
    476. 

  476. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">3.39</span>
    477. 

  477. <div style="width:6.78px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    478. 

  478. </td>
    479. 

  479. </tr>
    480. 

  480. <tr>
    481. 

  481. <td><a href="/wiki/Bing" title="Bing">Bing</a></td>
    482. 

  482. <td style="text-align:right;">3.91%</td>
    483. 

  483. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">3.91</span>
    484. 

  484. <div style="width:7.82px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    485. 

  485. </td>
    486. 

  486. <td style="text-align:right;">3.29%</td>
    487. 

  487. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">3.29</span>
    488. 

  488. <div style="width:6.58px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    489. 

  489. </td>
    490. 

  490. </tr>
    491. 

  491. <tr>
    492. 

  492. <td><a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a></td>
    493. 

  493. <td style="text-align:right;">1.7%</td>
    494. 

  494. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">1.7</span>
    495. 

  495. <div style="width:3.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    496. 

  496. </td>
    497. 

  497. <td style="text-align:right;">1.3%</td>
    498. 

  498. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">1.3</span>
    499. 

  499. <div style="width:2.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    500. 

  500. </td>
    501. 

  501. </tr>
    502. 

  502. <tr>
    503. 

  503. <td><a href="/wiki/Ask.com" title="Ask.com">Ask</a></td>
    504. 

  504. <td style="text-align:right;">0.52%</td>
    505. 

  505. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.52</span>
    506. 

  506. <div style="width:1.04px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    507. 

  507. </td>
    508. 

  508. <td style="text-align:right;">0.56%</td>
    509. 

  509. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.56</span>
    510. 

  510. <div style="width:1.12px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    511. 

  511. </td>
    512. 

  512. </tr>
    513. 

  513. <tr>
    514. 

  514. <td><a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a></td>
    515. 

  515. <td style="text-align:right;">0.3%</td>
    516. 

  516. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.3</span>
    517. 

  517. <div style="width:0.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    518. 

  518. </td>
    519. 

  519. <td style="text-align:right;">0.42%</td>
    520. 

  520. <td align="left"><span style="display:none;">0.42</span>
    521. 

  521. <div style="width:0.84px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;">&#160;</div>
    522. 

  522. </td>
    523. 

  523. </tr>
    524. 

  524. </table>
    525. 

  525. <p>Google's worldwide market share peaked at 86.3% in April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bing" title="Bing">Bing</a> and other search engines are more popular in the US than in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.</p>
    526. 

  526. <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hitwise" title="Hitwise">Hitwise</a>, market share in the U.S. for October 2011 was Google 65.38%, Bing-powered (Bing and Yahoo!) 28.62%, and the remaining 66 search engines 6%. However, an Experian Hit wise report released in August 2011 gave the "success rate" of searches sampled in July. Over 80 percent of Yahoo! and Bing searches resulted in the users visiting a web site, while Google's rate was just under 68 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
    527. 

  527. <p>In the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China" class="mw-redirect">People's Republic of China</a>, Baidu held a 61.6% market share for web search in July 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" title="Russian Federation" class="mw-redirect">Russian Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yandex" title="Yandex">Yandex</a> holds around 60% of the market share as of April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
    528. 

  528. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Search engine bias">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Search_engine_bias">Search engine bias</span></h2>
    529. 

  529. <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Search_engine_test" title="Wikipedia:Search engine test">How to use search engines for research</a></div>
    530. 

  530. <p>Although search engines are programmed to rank websites based on their popularity and relevancy, empirical studies indicate various political, economic, and social biases in the information they provide.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> These biases could be a direct result of economic and commercial processes (e.g., companies that advertise with a search engine can become also more popular in its <a href="/wiki/Organic_search" title="Organic search">organic search</a> results), and political processes (e.g., the removal of search results to comply with local laws).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Google_Bombing" title="Google Bombing" class="mw-redirect">Google Bombing</a> is one example of an attempt to manipulate search results for political, social or commercial reasons.</p>
    531. 

  531. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Customized results and filter bubbles">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Customized_results_and_filter_bubbles">Customized results and filter bubbles</span></h2>
    532. 

  532. <p>Many search engines such as Google and Bing provide customized results based on the user's activity history. This leads to an effect that has been called a <a href="/wiki/Filter_bubble" title="Filter bubble">filter bubble</a>. The term describes a phenomenon in which websites use <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithms</a> to selectively guess what information a user would like to see, based on information about the user (such as location, past click behaviour and search history). As a result, websites tend to show only information that agrees with the user's past viewpoint, effectively isolating the user in a bubble that tends to exclude contrary information. Prime examples are Google's personalized search results and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>'s personalized news stream. According to <a href="/wiki/Eli_Pariser" title="Eli Pariser">Eli Pariser</a>, who coined the term, users get less exposure to conflicting viewpoints and are isolated intellectually in their own informational bubble. Pariser related an example in which one user searched Google for "BP" and got investment news about <a href="/wiki/British_Petroleum" title="British Petroleum" class="mw-redirect">British Petroleum</a> while another searcher got information about the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill">Deepwater Horizon oil spill</a> and that the two search results pages were "strikingly different."<sup id="cite_ref-twsT43_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsT43-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-twsO11_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsO11-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-twsO14_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twsO14-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> The bubble effect may have negative implications for civic discourse, according to Pariser.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
    533. 

  533. <p>Since this problem has been identified, competing search engines have emerged that seek to avoid this problem by not tracking<sup id="cite_ref-track_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-track-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> or "bubbling"<sup id="cite_ref-bubble_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bubble-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> users.</p>
    534. 

  534. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
    535. 

  535. <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
    536. 

  536. <ul>
    537. 

  537. <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_search_engines" title="Comparison of web search engines">Comparison of web search engines</a></li>
    538. 

  538. <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_search_engines" title="List of search engines">List of search engines</a></li>
    539. 

  539. <li><a href="/wiki/Question_answering" title="Question answering">Answer engine</a> (question answering)
    540. 

  540. <ul>
    541. 

  541. <li><a href="/wiki/Quora" title="Quora">Quora</a></li>
    542. 

  542. <li><a href="/wiki/True_Knowledge" title="True Knowledge" class="mw-redirect">True Knowledge</a></li>
    543. 

  543. <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Alpha" title="Wolfram Alpha">Wolfram Alpha</a></li>
    544. 

  544. </ul>
    545. 

  545. </li>
    546. 

  546. <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_search_engine" title="Collaborative search engine">Collaborative search engine</a></li>
    547. 

  547. <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_search" title="Enterprise search">Enterprise search</a></li>
    548. 

  548. <li><a href="/wiki/Google_effect" title="Google effect">Google effect</a></li>
    549. 

  549. <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Search_Engines_and_Libraries" title="Internet Search Engines and Libraries" class="mw-redirect">Internet Search Engines and Libraries</a></li>
    550. 

  550. <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Search_engine_test" title="Wikipedia:Search engine test">Using search engines etc. for research</a></li>
    551. 

  551. <li><a href="/wiki/Metasearch_engine" title="Metasearch engine">Metasearch engine</a></li>
    552. 

  552. <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_language_search_engine" title="Natural language search engine" class="mw-redirect">Natural language search engine</a></li>
    553. 

  553. <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSearch" title="OpenSearch">OpenSearch</a></li>
    554. 

  554. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_directory" title="Search directory" class="mw-redirect">Search directory</a></li>
    555. 

  555. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_marketing" title="Search engine marketing">Search engine marketing</a></li>
    556. 

  556. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_optimization" title="Search engine optimization">Search engine optimization</a></li>
    557. 

  557. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_oriented_architecture" title="Search oriented architecture" class="mw-redirect">Search oriented architecture</a></li>
    558. 

  558. <li><a href="/wiki/Selection-based_search" title="Selection-based search">Selection-based search</a></li>
    559. 

  559. <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web" title="Semantic Web">Semantic Web</a></li>
    560. 

  560. <li><a href="/wiki/Social_search" title="Social search">Social search</a></li>
    561. 

  561. <li><a href="/wiki/Spell_checker" title="Spell checker">Spell checker</a></li>
    562. 

  562. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_indexing" title="Web indexing">Web indexing</a></li>
    563. 

  563. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_search_query" title="Web search query">Web search query</a></li>
    564. 

  564. <li><a href="/wiki/Website_Parse_Template" title="Website Parse Template">Website Parse Template</a></li>
    565. 

  565. </ul>
    566. 

  566. </div>
    567. 

  567. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
    568. 

  568. <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style" style="">
    569. 

  569. <tr>
    570. 

  570. <td class="mbox-image">
    571. 

  571. <div style="width: 52px;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" width="40" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" /></div>
    572. 

  572. </td>
    573. 

  573. <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>has an unclear citation style</b>. <span class="hide-when-compact">The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes" title="Wikipedia:Footnotes" class="mw-redirect">footnoting</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external linking</a>.</span> <small><i>(September 2009)</i></small> </span></td>
    574. 

  574. </tr>
    575. 

  575. </table>
    576. 

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  597. <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berkman Center for Internet &amp; Society (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/filtering/china/google-replacements/">“Replacement of Google with Alternative Search Systems in China: Documentation and Screen Shots”</a>, Harvard Law School.</span></li>
    598. 

  598. <li id="cite_note-twsT43-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twsT43_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Parramore, Lynn (10 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/10/the-filter-bubble/181427/">"The Filter Bubble"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/10/the-filter-bubble/181427/">http://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/10/the-filter-bubble/181427/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2011-04-20</span>. "Since Dec. 4, 2009, Google has been personalized for everyone. So when I had two friends this spring Google "BP," one of them got a set of links that was about investment opportunities in BP. The other one got information about the oil spill...."</span></span></li>
    599. 

  599. <li id="cite_note-twsO11-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twsO11_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Weisberg, Jacob (10 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2296633/">"Bubble Trouble: Is Web personalization turning us into solipsistic twits?"</a>. <i>Slate</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2296633/">http://www.slate.com/id/2296633/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2011-08-15</span>.</span></span></li>
    600. 

  600. <li id="cite_note-twsO14-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twsO14_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Gross, Doug (May 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-19/tech/online.privacy.pariser_1_google-news-facebook-internet/2?_s=PM:TECH">"What the Internet is hiding from you"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-19/tech/online.privacy.pariser_1_google-news-facebook-internet/2?_s=PM:TECH">http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-19/tech/online.privacy.pariser_1_google-news-facebook-internet/2?_s=PM:TECH</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2011-08-15</span>. "I had friends Google BP when the oil spill was happening. These are two women who were quite similar in a lot of ways. One got a lot of results about the environmental consequences of what was happening and the spill. The other one just got investment information and nothing about the spill at all."</span></span></li>
    601. 

  601. <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation Journal">Zhang, Yuan Cao; Séaghdha, Diarmuid Ó; Quercia, Daniele; Jambor, Tamas (February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-typo3.cs.ucl.ac.uk/fileadmin/UCL-CS/research/Research_Notes/RN_11_21.pdf">"Auralist: Introducing Serendipity into Music Recommendation"</a>. <i>ACM WSDM</i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www-typo3.cs.ucl.ac.uk/fileadmin/UCL-CS/research/Research_Notes/RN_11_21.pdf">http://www-typo3.cs.ucl.ac.uk/fileadmin/UCL-CS/research/Research_Notes/RN_11_21.pdf</a></span>.</span></span></li>
    602. 

  602. <li id="cite_note-track-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-track_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://donttrack.us">"donttrack.us"</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://donttrack.us">http://donttrack.us</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-04-29</span>.</span></span></li>
    603. 

  603. <li id="cite_note-bubble-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bubble_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dontbubble.us">"dontbubble.us"</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dontbubble.us">http://dontbubble.us</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-04-29</span>.</span></span></li>
    604. 

  604. </ol>
    605. 

  605. </div>
    606. 

  606. <ul>
    607. 

  607. <li>GBMW: Reports of 30-day punishment, re: Car maker BMW had its German website bmw.de delisted from Google, such as: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/02/05/235218">Slashdot-BMW</a> (05-Feb-2006).</li>
    608. 

  608. <li>INSIZ: Maximum size of webpages indexed by MSN/Google/Yahoo! ("100-kb limit"): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sitepoint.com/article/indexing-limits-where-bots-stop">Max Page-size</a> (28-Apr-2006).</li>
    609. 

  609. </ul>
    610. 

  610. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
    611. 

  611. <ul>
    612. 

  612. <li>For a more detailed history of early search engines, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchenginewatch.com/showPage.html?page=3071951">Search Engine Birthdays</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Search_Engine_Watch" title="Search Engine Watch">Search Engine Watch</a>), Chris Sherman, September 2003.</li>
    613. 

  613. <li><span class="citation Journal">Steve Lawrence; C. Lee Giles (1999). "Accessibility of information on the web". <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> <b>400</b> (6740): 107–9. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F21987">10.1038/21987</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier" class="mw-redirect">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428673">10428673</a>.</span></li>
    614. 

  614. <li>Bing Liu (2007), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.uic.edu/~liub/WebMiningBook.html">Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents and Usage Data</a>.</i> Springer, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3540378812" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-540-37881-2</a></li>
    615. 

  615. <li>Bar-Ilan, J. (2004). The use of Web search engines in information science research. ARIST, 38, 231-288.</li>
    616. 

  616. <li><span class="citation book">Levene, Mark (2005). <i>An Introduction to Search Engines and Web Navigation</i>. Pearson.</span></li>
    617. 

  617. <li><span class="citation book">Hock, Randolph (2007). <i>The Extreme Searcher's Handbook</i>.</span> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780910965767" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-910965-76-7</a></li>
    618. 

  618. <li><span class="citation Journal">Javed Mostafa (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0006304A-37F4-11E8-B7F483414B7F0000">"Seeking Better Web Searches"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scientific_American_Magazine" title="Scientific American Magazine" class="mw-redirect">Scientific American Magazine</a></i><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0006304A-37F4-11E8-B7F483414B7F0000">http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0006304A-37F4-11E8-B7F483414B7F0000</a></span>.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="&#160;since September 2010" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a></i>]</span></sup></li>
    619. 

  619. <li><span class="citation Journal">Ross, Nancy; Wolfram, Dietmar (2000). "End user searching on the Internet: An analysis of term pair topics submitted to the Excite search engine". <i>Journal of the American Society for Information Science</i> <b>51</b> (10): 949–958. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F1097-4571%282000%2951%3A10%3C949%3A%3AAID-ASI70%3E3.0.CO%3B2-5">10.1002/1097-4571(2000)51:10&lt;949::AID-ASI70&gt;3.0.CO;2-5</a>.</span></li>
    620. 

  620. <li><span class="citation Journal">Xie, M. et al. (1998). "Quality dimensions of Internet search engines". <i>Journal of Information Science</i> <b>24</b> (5): 365–372. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F016555159802400509">10.1177/016555159802400509</a>.</span></li>
    621. 

  621. <li><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ir.uwaterloo.ca/book/"><i>Information Retrieval: Implementing and Evaluating Search Engines</i></a>. MIT Press. 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ir.uwaterloo.ca/book/">http://www.ir.uwaterloo.ca/book/</a></span>.</span></li>
    622. 

  622. </ul>
    623. 

  623. <h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
    624. 

  624. <table class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;">
    625. 

  625. <tr>
    626. 

  626. <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" /></td>
    627. 

  627. <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="">Wikimedia Commons has media related to: <i><b><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Internet_search_engines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Internet search engines">Internet search engines</a></b></i></td>
    628. 

  628. </tr>
    629. 

  629. </table>
    630. 

  630. <ul>
    631. 

  631. <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Internet/Searching/Search_Engines//">Search Engines</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Open_Directory_Project" title="Open Directory Project">Open Directory Project</a></li>
    632. 

  632. </ul>
    633. 

  633. <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;;">
    634. 

  634. <tr>
    635. 

  635. <td style="padding:2px;">
    636. 

  636. <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;">
    637. 

  637. <tr>
    638. 

  638. <th scope="col" style=";" class="navbox-title" colspan="2">
    639. 

  639. <div class="noprint plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="">
    640. 

  640. <ul>
    641. 

  641. <li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_search" title="Template:Internet search"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li>
    642. 

  642. <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_search" title="Template talk:Internet search"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li>
    643. 

  643. <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Internet_search&amp;action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li>
    644. 

  644. </ul>
    645. 

  645. </div>
    646. 

  646. <div class="" style="font-size:110%;">Internet search</div>
    647. 

  647. </th>
    648. 

  648. </tr>
    649. 

  649. <tr style="height:2px;">
    650. 

  650. <td></td>
    651. 

  651. </tr>
    652. 

  652. <tr>
    653. 

  653. <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Types</th>
    654. 

  654. <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist">
    655. 

  655. <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
    656. 

  656. <ul>
    657. 

  657. <li><strong class="selflink">Web search engine</strong> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_search_engines" title="List of search engines">List</a>)</li>
    658. 

  658. <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_search_engine" title="Collaborative search engine">Collaborative search engine</a></li>
    659. 

  659. <li><a href="/wiki/Metasearch_engine" title="Metasearch engine">Metasearch engine</a></li>
    660. 

  660. </ul>
    661. 

  661. </div>
    662. 

  662. </td>
    663. 

  663. </tr>
    664. 

  664. <tr style="height:2px">
    665. 

  665. <td></td>
    666. 

  666. </tr>
    667. 

  667. <tr>
    668. 

  668. <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Tools</th>
    669. 

  669. <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist">
    670. 

  670. <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
    671. 

  671. <ul>
    672. 

  672. <li><a href="/wiki/Local_search_(Internet)" title="Local search (Internet)">Local search</a></li>
    673. 

  673. <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_search" title="Vertical search">Vertical search</a></li>
    674. 

  674. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_marketing" title="Search engine marketing">Search engine marketing</a></li>
    675. 

  675. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_optimization" title="Search engine optimization">Search engine optimization</a></li>
    676. 

  676. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_oriented_architecture" title="Search oriented architecture" class="mw-redirect">Search oriented architecture</a></li>
    677. 

  677. <li><a href="/wiki/Selection-based_search" title="Selection-based search">Selection-based search</a></li>
    678. 

  678. <li><a href="/wiki/Social_search" title="Social search">Social search</a></li>
    679. 

  679. <li><a href="/wiki/Document_retrieval" title="Document retrieval">Document retrieval</a></li>
    680. 

  680. <li><a href="/wiki/Text_mining" title="Text mining">Text mining</a></li>
    681. 

  681. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">Web crawler</a></li>
    682. 

  682. <li><a href="/wiki/Multisearch" title="Multisearch">Multisearch</a></li>
    683. 

  683. <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_search" title="Federated search">Federated search</a></li>
    684. 

  684. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_aggregator" title="Search aggregator">Search aggregator</a></li>
    685. 

  685. <li><a href="/wiki/Index_(search_engine)" title="Index (search engine)" class="mw-redirect">Index</a>/<a href="/wiki/Web_indexing" title="Web indexing">Web indexing</a></li>
    686. 

  686. <li><a href="/wiki/Focused_crawler" title="Focused crawler">Focused crawler</a></li>
    687. 

  687. <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_trap" title="Spider trap">Spider trap</a></li>
    688. 

  688. <li><a href="/wiki/Robots_exclusion_standard" title="Robots exclusion standard">Robots exclusion standard</a></li>
    689. 

  689. <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_web_crawling" title="Distributed web crawling">Distributed web crawling</a></li>
    690. 

  690. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">Web archiving</a></li>
    691. 

  691. <li><a href="/wiki/Website_mirroring_software" title="Website mirroring software" class="mw-redirect">Website mirroring software</a></li>
    692. 

  692. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_search_query" title="Web search query">Web search query</a></li>
    693. 

  693. <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_search" title="Voice search">Voice search</a></li>
    694. 

  694. <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_language_search_engine" title="Natural language search engine" class="mw-redirect">Natural language search engine</a></li>
    695. 

  695. <li><a href="/wiki/Web_query_classification" title="Web query classification">Web query classification</a></li>
    696. 

  696. </ul>
    697. 

  697. </div>
    698. 

  698. </td>
    699. 

  699. </tr>
    700. 

  700. <tr style="height:2px">
    701. 

  701. <td></td>
    702. 

  702. </tr>
    703. 

  703. <tr>
    704. 

  704. <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Applications</th>
    705. 

  705. <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist">
    706. 

  706. <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
    707. 

  707. <ul>
    708. 

  708. <li><a href="/wiki/Image_retrieval" title="Image retrieval">Image search</a></li>
    709. 

  709. <li><a href="/wiki/Video_search_engine" title="Video search engine">Video search engine</a></li>
    710. 

  710. <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_search" title="Enterprise search">Enterprise search</a></li>
    711. 

  711. <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_search" title="Semantic search">Semantic search</a></li>
    712. 

  712. </ul>
    713. 

  713. </div>
    714. 

  714. </td>
    715. 

  715. </tr>
    716. 

  716. <tr style="height:2px">
    717. 

  717. <td></td>
    718. 

  718. </tr>
    719. 

  719. <tr>
    720. 

  720. <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">Protocols<br />
    721. 

  721. and standards</th>
    722. 

  722. <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist">
    723. 

  723. <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
    724. 

  724. <ul>
    725. 

  725. <li><a href="/wiki/Z39.50" title="Z39.50">Z39.50</a></li>
    726. 

  726. <li><a href="/wiki/Search/Retrieve_Web_Service" title="Search/Retrieve Web Service">Search/Retrieve Web Service</a></li>
    727. 

  727. <li><a href="/wiki/Search/Retrieve_via_URL" title="Search/Retrieve via URL">Search/Retrieve via URL</a></li>
    728. 

  728. <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSearch" title="OpenSearch">OpenSearch</a></li>
    729. 

  729. <li><a href="/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer" title="Representational State Transfer" class="mw-redirect">Representational State Transfer</a></li>
    730. 

  730. <li><a href="/wiki/Website_Parse_Template" title="Website Parse Template">Website Parse Template</a></li>
    731. 

  731. <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_information_server" title="Wide area information server">Wide area information server</a></li>
    732. 

  732. </ul>
    733. 

  733. </div>
    734. 

  734. </td>
    735. 

  735. </tr>
    736. 

  736. <tr style="height:2px">
    737. 

  737. <td></td>
    738. 

  738. </tr>
    739. 

  739. <tr>
    740. 

  740. <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";;">See also</th>
    741. 

  741. <td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist">
    742. 

  742. <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
    743. 

  743. <ul>
    744. 

  744. <li><a href="/wiki/Search_engine_(computing)" title="Search engine (computing)">Search engine</a></li>
    745. 

  745. <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_search" title="Desktop search">Desktop search</a></li>
    746. 

  746. <li><a href="/wiki/Online_search" title="Online search">Online search</a></li>
    747. 

  747. </ul>
    748. 

  748. </div>
    749. 

  749. </td>
    750. 

  750. </tr>
    751. 

  751. </table>
    752. 

  752. </td>
    753. 

  753. </tr>
    754. 

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    755. 

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  773. 												<!-- catlinks -->
    774. 

  774. 				<div id='catlinks' class='catlinks'><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Information_retrieval" title="Category:Information retrieval">Information retrieval</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_search_engines" title="Category:Internet search engines">Internet search engines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Internet_terminology" title="Category:Internet terminology">Internet terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Internet" title="Category:History of the Internet">History of the Internet</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_inconsistent_citation_formats" title="Category:Articles with inconsistent citation formats">Articles with inconsistent citation formats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_October_2012" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from October 2012">Articles that may contain original research from October 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2012" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2012">Articles needing additional references from October 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2012" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2011">Articles to be expanded from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_references_cleanup_from_September_2009" title="Category:Wikipedia references cleanup from September 2009">Wikipedia references cleanup from September 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_references_cleanup" title="Category:All articles needing references cleanup">All articles needing references cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify_from_September_2009" title="Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2009">Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_covered_by_WikiProject_Wikify" title="Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify">All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2010" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2010">Articles with dead external links from September 2010</a></li></ul></div></div>				<!-- /catlinks -->
    775. 

  775. 												<div class="visualClear"></div>
    776. 

  776. 				<!-- debughtml -->
    777. 

  777. 								<!-- /debughtml -->
    778. 

  778. 			</div>
    779. 

  779. 			<!-- /bodyContent -->
    780. 

  780. 		</div>
    781. 

  781. 		<!-- /content -->
    782. 

  782. 		<div id="mw-navigation">
    783. 

  783. 			<h2>Navigation menu</h2>
    784. 

  784. 			<!-- header -->
    785. 

  785. 			<div id="mw-head" class="noprint">
    786. 

  786. 				
    787. 

  787. <!-- 0 -->
    788. 

  788. <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="">
    789. 

  789. 	<h3>Personal tools</h3>
    790. 

  790. 	<ul>
    791. 

  791. <li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Web+search+engine&amp;type=signup">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Web+search+engine" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li>	</ul>
    792. 

  792. </div>
    793. 

  793. 

  794. <!-- /0 -->
    795. 

  795. 				<div id="left-navigation">
    796. 

  796. 					
    797. 

  797. <!-- 0 -->
    798. 

  798. <div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs">
    799. 

  799. 	<h3>Namespaces</h3>
    800. 

  800. 	<ul>
    801. 

  801. 					<li  id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine"  title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></span></li>
    802. 

  802. 					<li  id="ca-talk"><span><a href="/wiki/Talk:Web_search_engine"  title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></span></li>
    803. 

  803. 			</ul>
    804. 

  804. </div>
    805. 

  805. 

  806. <!-- /0 -->
    807. 

  807. 

  808. <!-- 1 -->
    809. 

  809. <div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet">
    810. 

  810. 	<h3 id="mw-vector-current-variant">
    811. 

  811. 		</h3>
    812. 

  812. 	<h3><span>Variants</span><a href="#"></a></h3>
    813. 

  813. 	<div class="menu">
    814. 

  814. 		<ul>
    815. 

  815. 					</ul>
    816. 

  816. 	</div>
    817. 

  817. </div>
    818. 

  818. 

  819. <!-- /1 -->
    820. 

  820. 				</div>
    821. 

  821. 				<div id="right-navigation">
    822. 

  822. 					
    823. 

  823. <!-- 0 -->
    824. 

  824. <div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs">
    825. 

  825. 	<h3>Views</h3>
    826. 

  826. 	<ul>
    827. 

  827. 					<li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" >Read</a></span></li>
    828. 

  828. 					<li id="ca-edit"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=edit"  title="You can edit this page. &#10;Please use the preview button before saving. [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li>
    829. 

  829. 					<li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=history"  title="Past versions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></span></li>
    830. 

  830. 			</ul>
    831. 

  831. </div>
    832. 

  832. 

  833. <!-- /0 -->
    834. 

  834. 

  835. <!-- 1 -->
    836. 

  836. <div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet">
    837. 

  837. 	<h3><span>Actions</span><a href="#"></a></h3>
    838. 

  838. 	<div class="menu">
    839. 

  839. 		<ul>
    840. 

  840. 					</ul>
    841. 

  841. 	</div>
    842. 

  842. </div>
    843. 

  843. 

  844. <!-- /1 -->
    845. 

  845. 

  846. <!-- 2 -->
    847. 

  847. <div id="p-search" role="search">
    848. 

  848. 	<h3><label for="searchInput">Search</label></h3>
    849. 

  849. 	<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
    850. 

  850. 				<div id="simpleSearch">
    851. 

  851. 						<input name="search" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" />						<button type="submit" name="button" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" id="searchButton"><img src="//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.21wmf9/skins/vector/images/search-ltr.png?303-4" alt="Search" width="12" height="13" /></button>								<input type='hidden' name="title" value="Special:Search"/>
    852. 

  852. 		</div>
    853. 

  853. 	</form>
    854. 

  854. </div>
    855. 

  855. 

  856. <!-- /2 -->
    857. 

  857. 				</div>
    858. 

  858. 			</div>
    859. 

  859. 			<!-- /header -->
    860. 

  860. 			<!-- panel -->
    861. 

  861. 			<div id="mw-panel" class="noprint">
    862. 

  862. 				<!-- logo -->
    863. 

  863. 					<div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a style="background-image: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png);" href="/wiki/Main_Page"  title="Visit the main page"></a></div>
    864. 

  864. 				<!-- /logo -->
    865. 

  865. 				
    866. 

  866. <!-- navigation -->
    867. 

  867. <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-navigation'>
    868. 

  868. 	<h3>Navigation</h3>
    869. 

  869. 	<div class="body">
    870. 

  870. 		<ul>
    871. 

  871. 			<li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li>
    872. 

  872. 			<li id="n-contents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li>
    873. 

  873. 			<li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li>
    874. 

  874. 			<li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li>
    875. 

  875. 			<li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li>
    876. 

  876. 			<li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li>
    877. 

  877. 		</ul>
    878. 

  878. 	</div>
    879. 

  879. </div>
    880. 

  880. 

  881. <!-- /navigation -->
    882. 

  882. 

  883. <!-- SEARCH -->
    884. 

  884. 

  885. <!-- /SEARCH -->
    886. 

  886. 

  887. <!-- interaction -->
    888. 

  888. <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-interaction'>
    889. 

  889. 	<h3>Interaction</h3>
    890. 

  890. 	<div class="body">
    891. 

  891. 		<ul>
    892. 

  892. 			<li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li>
    893. 

  893. 			<li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li>
    894. 

  894. 			<li id="n-portal"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li>
    895. 

  895. 			<li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li>
    896. 

  896. 			<li id="n-contact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact Wikipedia</a></li>
    897. 

  897. 		</ul>
    898. 

  898. 	</div>
    899. 

  899. </div>
    900. 

  900. 

  901. <!-- /interaction -->
    902. 

  902. 

  903. <!-- TOOLBOX -->
    904. 

  904. <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-tb'>
    905. 

  905. 	<h3>Toolbox</h3>
    906. 

  906. 	<div class="body">
    907. 

  907. 		<ul>
    908. 

  908. 			<li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Web_search_engine" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li>
    909. 

  909. 			<li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Web_search_engine" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li>
    910. 

  910. 			<li id="t-upload"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li>
    911. 

  911. 			<li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li>
    912. 

  912. 			<li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;oldid=537177180" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li>
    913. 

  913. 			<li id="t-info"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;action=info">Page information</a></li>
    914. 

  914. <li id="t-cite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Cite&amp;page=Web_search_engine&amp;id=537177180" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li>		</ul>
    915. 

  915. 	</div>
    916. 

  916. </div>
    917. 

  917. 

  918. <!-- /TOOLBOX -->
    919. 

  919. 

  920. <!-- coll-print_export -->
    921. 

  921. <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-coll-print_export'>
    922. 

  922. 	<h3>Print/export</h3>
    923. 

  923. 	<div class="body">
    924. 

  924. 		<ul id="collectionPortletList"><li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Web+search+engine" title="Create a book or page collection" rel="nofollow">Create a book</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=render_article&amp;arttitle=Web+search+engine&amp;oldid=537177180&amp;writer=rl" title="Download a PDF version of this wiki page" rel="nofollow">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Web_search_engine&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li></ul>	</div>
    925. 

  925. </div>
    926. 

  926. 

  927. <!-- /coll-print_export -->
    928. 

  928. 

  929. <!-- LANGUAGES -->
    930. 

  930. <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-lang'>
    931. 

  931. 	<h3>Languages</h3>
    932. 

  932. 	<div class="body">
    933. 

  933. 		<ul>
    934. 

  934. 			<li class="interwiki-af"><a href="//af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soekenjin" title="Soekenjin" lang="af" hreflang="af">Afrikaans</a></li>
    935. 

  935. 			<li class="interwiki-ar"><a href="//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB" title="???? ???" lang="ar" hreflang="ar">???????</a></li>
    936. 

  936. 			<li class="interwiki-ast"><a href="//ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_gueta" title="Motor de gueta" lang="ast" hreflang="ast">Asturianu</a></li>
    937. 

  937. 			<li class="interwiki-be"><a href="//be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="????????? ???????" lang="be" hreflang="be">??????????</a></li>
    938. 

  938. 			<li class="interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="//be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="???????? ????????? ???????" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old">?????????? (???????????)?</a></li>
    939. 

  939. 			<li class="interwiki-bg"><a href="//bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="????????" lang="bg" hreflang="bg">?????????</a></li>
    940. 

  940. 			<li class="interwiki-bar"><a href="//bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suachmaschin" title="Suachmaschin" lang="bar" hreflang="bar">Boarisch</a></li>
    941. 

  941. 			<li class="interwiki-bs"><a href="//bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_pretra%C5%BEiva%C4%8D" title="Internet pretraživa?" lang="bs" hreflang="bs">Bosanski</a></li>
    942. 

  942. 			<li class="interwiki-ca"><a href="//ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_cerca" title="Motor de cerca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca">Català</a></li>
    943. 

  943. 			<li class="interwiki-cs"><a href="//cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetov%C3%BD_vyhled%C3%A1va%C4%8D" title="Internetový vyhledáva?" lang="cs" hreflang="cs">?esky</a></li>
    944. 

  944. 			<li class="interwiki-cy"><a href="//cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiriant_chwilio_rhyngrwyd" title="Peiriant chwilio rhyngrwyd" lang="cy" hreflang="cy">Cymraeg</a></li>
    945. 

  945. 			<li class="interwiki-da"><a href="//da.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8gemaskine" title="Søgemaskine" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li>
    946. 

  946. 			<li class="interwiki-de"><a href="//de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suchmaschine" title="Suchmaschine" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li>
    947. 

  947. 			<li class="interwiki-et"><a href="//et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otsingumootor" title="Otsingumootor" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li>
    948. 

  948. 			<li class="interwiki-el"><a href="//el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="?????? ??????????" lang="el" hreflang="el">????????</a></li>
    949. 

  949. 			<li class="interwiki-es"><a href="//es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_b%C3%BAsqueda" title="Motor de búsqueda" lang="es" hreflang="es">Español</a></li>
    950. 

  950. 			<li class="interwiki-eo"><a href="//eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser%C4%89ilo" title="Ser?ilo" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li>
    951. 

  951. 			<li class="interwiki-ext"><a href="//ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landeru" title="Landeru" lang="ext" hreflang="ext">Estremeñu</a></li>
    952. 

  952. 			<li class="interwiki-eu"><a href="//eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilaketa_motor" title="Bilaketa motor" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li>
    953. 

  953. 			<li class="interwiki-fa"><a href="//fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%88" title="????? ?????" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">?????</a></li>
    954. 

  954. 			<li class="interwiki-fr"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_de_recherche" title="Moteur de recherche" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li>
    955. 

  955. 			<li class="interwiki-gl"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_busca" title="Motor de busca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl">Galego</a></li>
    956. 

  956. 			<li class="interwiki-gu"><a href="//gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AC_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A7_%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8" title="??? ??? ??????" lang="gu" hreflang="gu">???????</a></li>
    957. 

  957. 			<li class="interwiki-ko"><a href="//ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%B9_%EA%B2%80%EC%83%89_%EC%97%94%EC%A7%84" title="? ?? ??" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">???</a></li>
    958. 

  958. 			<li class="interwiki-hy"><a href="//hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="?????????? ????????" lang="hy" hreflang="hy">???????</a></li>
    959. 

  959. 			<li class="interwiki-hi"><a href="//hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="??? ????????" lang="hi" hreflang="hi">??????</a></li>
    960. 

  960. 			<li class="interwiki-hr"><a href="//hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tra%C5%BEilica" title="Tražilica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr">Hrvatski</a></li>
    961. 

  961. 			<li class="interwiki-id"><a href="//id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_pencari_web" title="Mesin pencari web" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li>
    962. 

  962. 			<li class="interwiki-ia"><a href="//ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanismo_de_recerca" title="Mechanismo de recerca" lang="ia" hreflang="ia">Interlingua</a></li>
    963. 

  963. 			<li class="interwiki-os"><a href="//os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="??????? ??????æ" lang="os" hreflang="os">????</a></li>
    964. 

  964. 			<li class="interwiki-it"><a href="//it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_di_ricerca" title="Motore di ricerca" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li>
    965. 

  965. 			<li class="interwiki-he"><a href="//he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A9" title="???? ?????" lang="he" hreflang="he">?????</a></li>
    966. 

  966. 			<li class="interwiki-kn"><a href="//kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="???????? ??????? ?????" lang="kn" hreflang="kn">?????</a></li>
    967. 

  967. 			<li class="interwiki-ka"><a href="//ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="??????? ???????" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">???????</a></li>
    968. 

  968. 			<li class="interwiki-kk"><a href="//kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="????? ??????" lang="kk" hreflang="kk">???????</a></li>
    969. 

  969. 			<li class="interwiki-ku"><a href="//ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motora_l%C3%AAger%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Motora lêgerînê" lang="ku" hreflang="ku">Kurdî</a></li>
    970. 

  970. 			<li class="interwiki-lv"><a href="//lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekl%C4%93t%C4%81jprogramma" title="Mekl?t?jprogramma" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li>
    971. 

  971. 			<li class="interwiki-ln"><a href="//ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C9%9B%CC%81l%C9%9B_mwa_boluki" title="Mot??l? mwa boluki" lang="ln" hreflang="ln">Lingála</a></li>
    972. 

  972. 			<li class="interwiki-hu"><a href="//hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keres%C5%91motor" title="Keres?motor" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li>
    973. 

  973. 			<li class="interwiki-mk"><a href="//mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87" title="??????????" lang="mk" hreflang="mk">??????????</a></li>
    974. 

  974. 			<li class="interwiki-ml"><a href="//ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="???? ??????? ??????" lang="ml" hreflang="ml">??????</a></li>
    975. 

  975. 			<li class="interwiki-xmf"><a href="//xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="??????? ???????" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf">?????????</a></li>
    976. 

  976. 			<li class="interwiki-ms"><a href="//ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjin_gelintar" title="Enjin gelintar" lang="ms" hreflang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</a></li>
    977. 

  977. 			<li class="interwiki-nl"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoekmachine" title="Zoekmachine" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li>
    978. 

  978. 			<li class="interwiki-ja"><a href="//ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%9C%E7%B4%A2%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="??????" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">???</a></li>
    979. 

  979. 			<li class="interwiki-no"><a href="//no.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8kemotor" title="Søkemotor" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk (bokmål)?</a></li>
    980. 

  980. 			<li class="interwiki-nn"><a href="//nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8kjemotor" title="Søkjemotor" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk (nynorsk)?</a></li>
    981. 

  981. 			<li class="interwiki-mhr"><a href="//mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="??????? ???????" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr">???? ?????</a></li>
    982. 

  982. 			<li class="interwiki-uz"><a href="//uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veb_qidiruv_tizimi" title="Veb qidiruv tizimi" lang="uz" hreflang="uz">O?zbekcha</a></li>
    983. 

  983. 			<li class="interwiki-pl"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyszukiwarka_internetowa" title="Wyszukiwarka internetowa" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li>
    984. 

  984. 			<li class="interwiki-pt"><a href="//pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_busca" title="Motor de busca" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li>
    985. 

  985. 			<li class="interwiki-ro"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_de_c%C4%83utare" title="Motor de c?utare" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Român?</a></li>
    986. 

  986. 			<li class="interwiki-ru"><a href="//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="????????? ???????" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">???????</a></li>
    987. 

  987. 			<li class="interwiki-stq"><a href="//stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4ikmaskiene" title="Säikmaskiene" lang="stq" hreflang="stq">Seeltersk</a></li>
    988. 

  988. 			<li class="interwiki-scn"><a href="//scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muturi_di_circata" title="Muturi di circata" lang="scn" hreflang="scn">Sicilianu</a></li>
    989. 

  989. 			<li class="interwiki-simple"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_engine" title="Search engine" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li>
    990. 

  990. 			<li class="interwiki-sk"><a href="//sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine" title="Web search engine" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Sloven?ina</a></li>
    991. 

  991. 			<li class="interwiki-sl"><a href="//sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spletni_iskalnik" title="Spletni iskalnik" lang="sl" hreflang="sl">Slovenš?ina</a></li>
    992. 

  992. 			<li class="interwiki-sr"><a href="//sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="??????????? ????" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">?????? / srpski</a></li>
    993. 

  993. 			<li class="interwiki-fi"><a href="//fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakukone" title="Hakukone" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li>
    994. 

  994. 			<li class="interwiki-sv"><a href="//sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6ktj%C3%A4nst" title="Söktjänst" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li>
    995. 

  995. 			<li class="interwiki-ta"><a href="//ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="????????" lang="ta" hreflang="ta">?????</a></li>
    996. 

  996. 			<li class="interwiki-te"><a href="//te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="???? ????? ??????" lang="te" hreflang="te">??????</a></li>
    997. 

  997. 			<li class="interwiki-th"><a href="//th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="????????????" lang="th" hreflang="th">???</a></li>
    998. 

  998. 			<li class="interwiki-tr"><a href="//tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arama_motoru" title="Arama motoru" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">Türkçe</a></li>
    999. 

  999. 			<li class="interwiki-uk"><a href="//uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="???????? ???????" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">??????????</a></li>
    1000. 

  1000. 			<li class="interwiki-vi"><a href="//vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_truy_t%C3%ACm_d%E1%BB%AF_li%E1%BB%87u" title="Máy truy tìm d? li?u" lang="vi" hreflang="vi">Ti?ng Vi?t</a></li>
    1001. 

  1001. 			<li class="interwiki-fiu-vro"><a href="//fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5rgostotsja" title="Võrgostotsja" lang="fiu-vro" hreflang="fiu-vro">Võro</a></li>
    1002. 

  1002. 			<li class="interwiki-yi"><a href="//yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9F" title="????????" lang="yi" hreflang="yi">??????</a></li>
    1003. 

  1003. 			<li class="interwiki-zh"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" title="????" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">??</a></li>
    1004. 

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    1005. 

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