/Aurora/Framework/Utilities/Util.cs

/*

 * Copyright (c) Contributors, http://aurora-sim.org/, http://opensimulator.org/

 * See CONTRIBUTORS.TXT for a full list of copyright holders.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 *     * Neither the name of the Aurora-Sim Project nor the

 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products

 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY

 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE

 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY

 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES

 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;

 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND

 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS

 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 */



using Amib.Threading;

using Aurora.Framework.ConsoleFramework;

using Aurora.Framework.Modules;

using Nini.Config;

using OpenMetaverse;

using OpenMetaverse.StructuredData;

using ProtoBuf;

using ProtoBuf.Meta;

using System;

using System.Collections;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Data;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Globalization;

using System.IO;

using System.IO.Compression;

using System.Linq;

using System.Net;

using System.Net.NetworkInformation;

using System.Net.Sockets;

using System.Reflection;

using System.Reflection.Emit;

using System.Runtime.Serialization;

using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;

using System.Security.Cryptography;

using System.Text;

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

using System.Threading;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Xml;

using ReaderWriterLockSlim = System.Threading.ReaderWriterLockSlim;



namespace Aurora.Framework.Utilities

{

    /// <summary>

    ///     The method used by Util.FireAndForget for asynchronously firing events

    /// </summary>

    public enum FireAndForgetMethod

    {

        UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem,

        QueueUserWorkItem,

        BeginInvoke,

        SmartThreadPool,

        Thread

    }



    public enum RuntimeEnvironment

    {

        NET,

        WinMono,

        Mono

    }



    /// <summary>

    ///     Miscellaneous utility functions

    /// </summary>

    public class Util

    {

        private static uint nextXferID = 5000;

        private static readonly Random randomClass = new Random();

        // Get a list of invalid file characters (OS dependent)

        private static readonly string regexInvalidFileChars = "[" + new String(Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars()) + "]";

        private static readonly string regexInvalidPathChars = "[" + new String(Path.GetInvalidPathChars()) + "]";

        private static readonly object XferLock = new object();



        /// <summary>

        ///     Thread pool used for Util.FireAndForget if

        ///     FireAndForgetMethod.SmartThreadPool is used

        /// </summary>

        private static SmartThreadPool m_ThreadPool;



        private static volatile bool m_threadPoolRunning;



        // Unix-epoch starts at January 1st 1970, 00:00:00 UTC. And all our times in the server are (or at least should be) in UTC.

        public static readonly DateTime UnixEpoch =

            DateTime.ParseExact("1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0", "yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss z", DateTimeFormatInfo.InvariantInfo).

                     ToUniversalTime();



        public static readonly Regex UUIDPattern

            = new Regex("^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{4}-[0-9a-fA-F]{12}$");



        public static FireAndForgetMethod FireAndForgetMethod = FireAndForgetMethod.SmartThreadPool;



        static Util()

        {

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (UUID), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (UUIDSurrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (IPEndPoint), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (IPEndPointSurrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (OSD), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (OSDSurrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (OSDMap), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (OSDMapSurrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (Vector3), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (Vector3Surrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (Quaternion), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (QuaternionSurrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (ParcelManager.ParcelAccessEntry), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (ParcelAccessEntrySurrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (MediaEntry), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (MediaEntrySurrogate));

            RuntimeTypeModel.Default.Add(typeof (System.Drawing.Color), false)

                            .SetSurrogate(typeof (ColorSurrogate));

        }



        #region Protobuf helpers



        [ProtoContract]

        private class UUIDSurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public string ID;

            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator UUID(UUIDSurrogate value)

            {

                return UUID.Parse(value.ID);

            }



            public static implicit operator UUIDSurrogate(UUID value)

            {

                return new UUIDSurrogate

                           {

                               ID = value.ToString()

                           };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class Vector3Surrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public float X;

            [ProtoMember(2)] public float Y;

            [ProtoMember(3)] public float Z;



            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator Vector3(Vector3Surrogate value)

            {

                return new Vector3(value.X, value.Y, value.Z);

            }



            public static implicit operator Vector3Surrogate(Vector3 value)

            {

                return new Vector3Surrogate()

                           {

                               X = value.X,

                               Y = value.Y,

                               Z = value.Z

                           };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class QuaternionSurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public float X;

            [ProtoMember(2)] public float Y;

            [ProtoMember(3)] public float Z;

            [ProtoMember(4)] public float W;

            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator Quaternion(QuaternionSurrogate value)

            {

                return new Quaternion(value.X, value.Y, value.Z, value.W);

            }



            public static implicit operator QuaternionSurrogate(Quaternion value)

            {

                return new QuaternionSurrogate()

                           {

                               X = value.X,

                               Y = value.Y,

                               Z = value.Z,

                               W = value.W

                           };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class IPEndPointSurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public string IPAddr;

            [ProtoMember(2)] public int Port;

            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator IPEndPoint(IPEndPointSurrogate value)

            {

                return value == null ? null : new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(value.IPAddr), value.Port);

            }



            public static implicit operator IPEndPointSurrogate(IPEndPoint value)

            {

                return value == null

                           ? null

                           : new IPEndPointSurrogate

                                 {

                                     IPAddr = value.Address.ToString(),

                                     Port = value.Port

                                 };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class OSDSurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public string str;

            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator OSD(OSDSurrogate value)

            {

                return value.str == "" ? null : OSDParser.DeserializeJson(value.str);

            }



            public static implicit operator OSDSurrogate(OSD value)

            {

                return new OSDSurrogate

                           {

                               str = value == null ? "" : OSDParser.SerializeJsonString(value)

                           };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class OSDMapSurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public string str;

            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator OSDMap(OSDMapSurrogate value)

            {

                return value.str == "" ? null : (OSDMap) OSDParser.DeserializeJson(value.str);

            }



            public static implicit operator OSDMapSurrogate(OSDMap value)

            {

                return new OSDMapSurrogate

                           {

                               str = value == null ? "" : OSDParser.SerializeJsonString(value)

                           };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class ParcelAccessEntrySurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public UUID AgentID;

            [ProtoMember(2)] public AccessList Flags;

            [ProtoMember(3)] public DateTime Time;



            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator ParcelManager.ParcelAccessEntry(ParcelAccessEntrySurrogate value)

            {

                return new ParcelManager.ParcelAccessEntry()

                           {

                               AgentID = value.AgentID,

                               Flags = value.Flags,

                               Time = value.Time

                           };

            }



            public static implicit operator ParcelAccessEntrySurrogate(ParcelManager.ParcelAccessEntry value)

            {

                return new ParcelAccessEntrySurrogate

                           {

                               AgentID = value.AgentID,

                               Flags = value.Flags,

                               Time = value.Time

                           };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class MediaEntrySurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public OSD info;



            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator MediaEntry(MediaEntrySurrogate value)

            {

                return value.info == null ? null : MediaEntry.FromOSD(value.info);

            }



            public static implicit operator MediaEntrySurrogate(MediaEntry value)

            {

                return new MediaEntrySurrogate

                           {

                               info = value == null ? null : value.GetOSD()

                           };

            }

        }



        [ProtoContract]

        private class ColorSurrogate

        {

            [ProtoMember(1)] public int A;

            [ProtoMember(2)] public int R;

            [ProtoMember(3)] public int G;

            [ProtoMember(4)] public int B;



            // protobuf-net wants an implicit or explicit operator between the types

            public static implicit operator System.Drawing.Color(ColorSurrogate value)

            {

                return System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(value.A, value.R, value.G, value.B);

            }



            public static implicit operator ColorSurrogate(System.Drawing.Color value)

            {

                return new ColorSurrogate

                           {

                               A = value.A,

                               R = value.R,

                               G = value.G,

                               B = value.B

                           };

            }

        }



        #endregion



        public static string ConvertToString(List<string> list)

        {

            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

            foreach (string val in list)

            {

                builder.Append(val + ",");

            }

            return builder.ToString();

        }



        public static string ConvertToString(Dictionary<string, object> list)

        {

            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

            foreach (var val in list)

            {

                builder.Append(val.Key + "=" + val.Value.ToString() + ",");

            }

            return builder.ToString();

        }



        //wab - Added for debugging ease

        public static string ConvertToString(OSDMap values, string lineStart)

        {

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(lineStart)) lineStart = "\t";

            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();

            String[] keys = new String[values.Count];

            values.Keys.CopyTo(keys, 0);

            foreach (String key in keys)

            {

                Object val = values[key];

                if (val == null)

                    builder.AppendFormat("{0}{1}=null\n", lineStart, key);

                else if (val is OSDMap)

                    builder.AppendFormat("{0}{1}=...\n{2}", lineStart, key, ConvertToString((OSDMap) val, "\t\t"));

                else

                    builder.AppendFormat("{0}{1}={2}\n", lineStart, key, val.ToString());

            }

            return builder.ToString();

        }



        public static List<string> ConvertToList(string listAsString)

        {

            //Do both , and " " so that it removes any annoying spaces in the string added by users

            List<string> value =

                new List<string>(listAsString.Split(new[] {","}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries));

            return value;

        }



        public static Dictionary<string, string> ConvertToDictionary(string listAsString)

        {

            //Do both , and " " so that it removes any annoying spaces in the string added by users

            List<string> value =

                new List<string>(listAsString.Split(new[] {","}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries));

            Dictionary<string, string> dict = new Dictionary<string, string>();

            foreach (var v in value)

            {

                var split = v.Split('=');

                dict.Add(split[0], split[1]);

            }

            return dict;

        }



        public static string BuildYMDDateString(DateTime time)

        {

            return time.Year + "-" + time.Month + "-" + time.Day;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Gets the name of the directory where the current running executable

        ///     is located

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns>

        ///     Filesystem path to the directory containing the current

        ///     executable

        /// </returns>

        public static string ExecutingDirectory()

        {

            return Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Copy data from one stream to another, leaving the read position of both streams at the beginning.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name='inputStream'>

        ///     Input stream.  Must be seekable.

        /// </param>

        /// <exception cref='ArgumentException'>

        ///     Thrown if the input stream is not seekable.

        /// </exception>

        public static Stream Copy(Stream inputStream)

        {

            if (!inputStream.CanSeek)

                throw new ArgumentException("Util.Copy(Stream inputStream) must receive an inputStream that can seek");



            const int readSize = 256;

            byte[] buffer = new byte[readSize];

            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();



            int count = inputStream.Read(buffer, 0, readSize);



            while (count > 0)

            {

                ms.Write(buffer, 0, count);

                count = inputStream.Read(buffer, 0, readSize);

            }



            ms.Position = 0;

            inputStream.Position = 0;



            return ms;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Linear interpolates B&lt;-&gt;C using percent A

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="a"></param>

        /// <param name="b"></param>

        /// <param name="c"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static double lerp(double a, double b, double c)

        {

            return (b*a) + (c*(1 - a));

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Bilinear Interpolate, see Lerp but for 2D using 'percents' X & Y.

        ///     Layout:

        ///     A B

        ///     C D

        ///     A&lt;-&gt;C = Y

        ///     C&lt;-&gt;D = X

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="x"></param>

        /// <param name="y"></param>

        /// <param name="a"></param>

        /// <param name="b"></param>

        /// <param name="c"></param>

        /// <param name="d"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static double lerp2D(double x, double y, double a, double b, double c, double d)

        {

            return lerp(y, lerp(x, a, b), lerp(x, c, d));

        }





        public static Encoding UTF8 = Encoding.UTF8;



        /// <value>

        ///     Well known UUID for the blank texture used in the Linden SL viewer version 1.20 (and hopefully onwards)

        /// </value>

        public static UUID BLANK_TEXTURE_UUID = new UUID("5748decc-f629-461c-9a36-a35a221fe21f");



        #region Vector Equations



        /// <summary>

        ///     Get the distance between two 3d vectors

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>

        /// <param name="b">A 3d vector</param>

        /// <returns>The distance between the two vectors</returns>

        public static double GetDistanceTo(Vector3 a, Vector3 b)

        {

            float dx = a.X - b.X;

            float dy = a.Y - b.Y;

            float dz = a.Z - b.Z;

            return Math.Sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Get the distance between two 3d vectors (excluding Z)

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>

        /// <param name="b">A 3d vector</param>

        /// <returns>The distance between the two vectors</returns>

        public static double GetFlatDistanceTo(Vector3 a, Vector3 b)

        {

            float dx = a.X - b.X;

            float dy = a.Y - b.Y;

            return Math.Sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Returns true if the distance beween A and B is less than amount. Significantly faster than GetDistanceTo since it eliminates the Sqrt.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="a"></param>

        /// <param name="b"></param>

        /// <param name="amount"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static bool DistanceLessThan(Vector3 a, Vector3 b, double amount)

        {

            float dx = a.X - b.X;

            float dy = a.Y - b.Y;

            float dz = a.Z - b.Z;

            return (dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz) < (amount*amount);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Get the magnitude of a 3d vector

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>

        /// <returns>The magnitude of the vector</returns>

        public static double GetMagnitude(Vector3 a)

        {

            return Math.Sqrt((a.X*a.X) + (a.Y*a.Y) + (a.Z*a.Z));

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Get a normalized form of a 3d vector

        ///     The vector paramater cannot be &lt;0,0,0&gt;

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>

        /// <returns>A new vector which is normalized form of the vector</returns>

        public static Vector3 GetNormalizedVector(Vector3 a)

        {

            if (IsZeroVector(a))

                throw new ArgumentException("Vector paramater cannot be a zero vector.");



            float Mag = (float) GetMagnitude(a);

            return new Vector3(a.X/Mag, a.Y/Mag, a.Z/Mag);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Returns if a vector is a zero vector (has all zero components)

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static bool IsZeroVector(Vector3 v)

        {

            if (v.X == 0 && v.Y == 0 && v.Z == 0)

            {

                return true;

            }



            return false;

        }



        # endregion



        public static Quaternion Axes2Rot(Vector3 fwd, Vector3 left, Vector3 up)

        {

            float s;

            float tr = (float) (fwd.X + left.Y + up.Z + 1.0);



            if (tr >= 1.0)

            {

                s = (float) (0.5/Math.Sqrt(tr));

                return new Quaternion(

                    (left.Z - up.Y)*s,

                    (up.X - fwd.Z)*s,

                    (fwd.Y - left.X)*s,

                    (float) 0.25/s);

            }

            else

            {

                float max = (left.Y > up.Z) ? left.Y : up.Z;



                if (max < fwd.X)

                {

                    s = (float) (Math.Sqrt(fwd.X - (left.Y + up.Z) + 1.0));

                    float x = (float) (s*0.5);

                    s = (float) (0.5/s);

                    return new Quaternion(

                        x,

                        (fwd.Y + left.X)*s,

                        (up.X + fwd.Z)*s,

                        (left.Z - up.Y)*s);

                }

                else if (max == left.Y)

                {

                    s = (float) (Math.Sqrt(left.Y - (up.Z + fwd.X) + 1.0));

                    float y = (float) (s*0.5);

                    s = (float) (0.5/s);

                    return new Quaternion(

                        (fwd.Y + left.X)*s,

                        y,

                        (left.Z + up.Y)*s,

                        (up.X - fwd.Z)*s);

                }

                else

                {

                    s = (float) (Math.Sqrt(up.Z - (fwd.X + left.Y) + 1.0));

                    float z = (float) (s*0.5);

                    s = (float) (0.5/s);

                    return new Quaternion(

                        (up.X + fwd.Z)*s,

                        (left.Z + up.Y)*s,

                        z,

                        (fwd.Y - left.X)*s);

                }

            }

        }



        public static Random RandomClass

        {

            get { return randomClass; }

        }



        public static T Clamp<T>(T x, T min, T max)

            where T : IComparable<T>

        {

            return x.CompareTo(max) > 0

                       ? max

                       : x.CompareTo(min) < 0

                             ? min

                             : x;

        }



        public static uint GetNextXferID()

        {

            uint id = 0;

            lock (XferLock)

            {

                id = nextXferID;

                nextXferID++;

            }

            return id;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Debug utility function to convert unbroken strings of XML into something human readable for occasional debugging purposes.

        ///     Please don't delete me even if I appear currently unused!

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="rawXml"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string GetFormattedXml(string rawXml)

        {

            XmlDocument xd = new XmlDocument();

            xd.LoadXml(rawXml);



            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(sb);



            XmlTextWriter xtw = new XmlTextWriter(sw) {Formatting = Formatting.Indented};



            try

            {

                xd.WriteTo(xtw);

            }

            finally

            {

                xtw.Close();

            }



            return sb.ToString();

        }



        public static bool IsEnvironmentSupported(ref string reason)

        {

            // Must have .NET 2.0 (Generics / libsl)

            if (Environment.Version.Major < 2)

            {

                reason = ".NET 1.0/1.1 lacks components that are used by Aurora";

                return false;

            }



            // Windows 95/98/ME are unsupported

            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32Windows ||

                Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32S ||

                Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.WinCE)

            {

                reason = "Windows 95/98/ME will not run Aurora";

                return false;

            }



            // Windows 2000 / Pre-SP2 XP

            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32NT &&

                Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major == 5 &&

                Environment.OSVersion.Version.Minor == 0)

            {

                reason = "Please update to Windows XP Service Pack 2 or Server 2003 with .NET 3.5 installed";

                return false;

            }



            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32NT &&

                Environment.Version.Major < 4 &&

                Environment.Version.Build < 50727) //.net 3.5

            {

                reason = ".NET versions before 3.5 lack components that are used by Aurora";

                return false;

            }



            return true;

        }



        public static bool IsLinux

        {

            get

            {

                int p = (int) Environment.OSVersion.Platform;

                return (p == 4) || (p == 6) || (p == 128);

            }

        }



        public static int UnixTimeSinceEpoch()

        {

            return ToUnixTime(DateTime.UtcNow);

        }



        public static int ToUnixTime(DateTime stamp)

        {

            TimeSpan t = stamp.ToUniversalTime() - UnixEpoch;

            return (int) t.TotalSeconds;

        }



        public static DateTime ToDateTime(ulong seconds)

        {

            DateTime epoch = UnixEpoch;

            return epoch.AddSeconds(seconds);

        }



        public static DateTime ToDateTime(int seconds)

        {

            DateTime epoch = UnixEpoch;

            return epoch.AddSeconds(seconds);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Return an md5 hash of the given string

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="data"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string Md5Hash(string data)

        {

            byte[] dataMd5 = ComputeMD5Hash(data);

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

            foreach (byte t in dataMd5)

                sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", t);

            return sb.ToString();

        }



        private static byte[] ComputeMD5Hash(string data)

        {

            MD5 md5 = MD5.Create();

            return md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(data));

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Return an SHA1 hash of the given string

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="data"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string SHA1Hash(string data)

        {

            byte[] hash = ComputeSHA1Hash(data);

            return BitConverter.ToString(hash).Replace("-", String.Empty);

        }



        private static byte[] ComputeSHA1Hash(string src)

        {

            SHA1CryptoServiceProvider SHA1 = new SHA1CryptoServiceProvider();

            return SHA1.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(src));

        }



        public static int fast_distance2d(int x, int y)

        {

            x = Math.Abs(x);

            y = Math.Abs(y);



            int min = Math.Min(x, y);



            return (x + y - (min >> 1) - (min >> 2) + (min >> 4));

        }



        // Inclusive, within range test (true if equal to the endpoints)

        public static bool InRange<T>(T x, T min, T max)

            where T : IComparable<T>

        {

            return x.CompareTo(max) <= 0 && x.CompareTo(min) >= 0;

        }



        // Clamp the maximum magnitude of a vector

        public static Vector3 ClampV(Vector3 x, float max)

        {

            Vector3 ret = x;

            float lenSq = x.LengthSquared();

            if (lenSq > (max*max))

            {

                x = x/x.Length()*max;

            }

            return x;

        }



        public static string FieldToString(byte[] bytes)

        {

            return FieldToString(bytes, String.Empty);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Convert a variable length field (byte array) to a string, with a

        ///     field name prepended to each line of the output

        /// </summary>

        /// <remarks>

        ///     If the byte array has unprintable characters in it, a

        ///     hex dump will be put in the string instead

        /// </remarks>

        /// <param name="bytes">The byte array to convert to a string</param>

        /// <param name="fieldName">A field name to prepend to each line of output</param>

        /// <returns>

        ///     An ASCII string or a string containing a hex dump, minus

        ///     the null terminator

        /// </returns>

        public static string FieldToString(byte[] bytes, string fieldName)

        {

            // Check for a common case

            if (bytes.Length == 0) return String.Empty;



            StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();



            bool printable = bytes.All(t => (t >= 0x20 && t <= 0x7E) || t == 0x09 || t == 0x0D || t == 0x0A || t == 0x00);



            if (printable)

            {

                if (fieldName.Length > 0)

                {

                    output.Append(fieldName);

                    output.Append(": ");

                }



                output.Append(CleanString(UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length - 1)));

            }

            else

            {

                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i += 16)

                {

                    if (i != 0)

                        output.Append(Environment.NewLine);

                    if (fieldName.Length > 0)

                    {

                        output.Append(fieldName);

                        output.Append(": ");

                    }



                    for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++)

                    {

                        output.Append((i + j) < bytes.Length ? String.Format("{0:X2} ", bytes[i + j]) : "   ");

                    }



                    for (int j = 0; j < 16 && (i + j) < bytes.Length; j++)

                    {

                        if (bytes[i + j] >= 0x20 && bytes[i + j] < 0x7E)

                            output.Append((char) bytes[i + j]);

                        else

                            output.Append(".");

                    }

                }

            }



            return output.ToString();

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Removes all invalid path chars (OS dependent)

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="path">path</param>

        /// <returns>safe path</returns>

        public static string safePath(string path)

        {

            return Regex.Replace(path, regexInvalidPathChars, String.Empty);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Removes all invalid filename chars (OS dependent)

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="filename">filename</param>

        /// <returns>safe filename</returns>

        public static string safeFileName(string filename)

        {

            return Regex.Replace(filename, regexInvalidFileChars, String.Empty);

        }



        //

        // directory locations

        //



        public static string homeDir()

        {

            string temp;

            //            string personal=(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Personal));

            //            temp = Path.Combine(personal,".OpenSim");

            temp = ".";

            return temp;

        }



        public static string configDir()

        {

            return ".";

        }



        public static string dataDir()

        {

            return ".";

        }



        public static string logDir()

        {

            return ".";

        }



        // From: http://coercedcode.blogspot.com/2008/03/c-generate-unique-filenames-within.html

        public static string GetUniqueFilename(string FileName)

        {

            int count = 0;

            string Name;



            if (File.Exists(FileName))

            {

                FileInfo f = new FileInfo(FileName);



                Name = !String.IsNullOrEmpty(f.Extension)

                           ? f.FullName.Substring(0, f.FullName.LastIndexOf('.'))

                           : f.FullName;



                while (File.Exists(FileName))

                {

                    count++;

                    FileName = Name + count + f.Extension;

                }

            }

            return FileName;

        }



        // Nini (config) related Methods

        public static IConfigSource ConvertDataRowToXMLConfig(DataRow row, string fileName)

        {

            if (!File.Exists(fileName))

            {

                //create new file

            }

            XmlConfigSource config = new XmlConfigSource(fileName);

            AddDataRowToConfig(config, row);

            config.Save();



            return config;

        }



        public static void AddDataRowToConfig(IConfigSource config, DataRow row)

        {

            config.Configs.Add((string) row[0]);

            for (int i = 0; i < row.Table.Columns.Count; i++)

            {

                config.Configs[(string) row[0]].Set(row.Table.Columns[i].ColumnName, row[i]);

            }

        }



        public static float Clip(float x, float min, float max)

        {

            return Math.Min(Math.Max(x, min), max);

        }



        public static int Clip(int x, int min, int max)

        {

            return Math.Min(Math.Max(x, min), max);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Convert an UUID to a raw uuid string.  Right now this is a string without hyphens.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="UUID"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static String ToRawUuidString(UUID UUID)

        {

            return UUID.Guid.ToString("n");

        }



        public static string CleanString(string input)

        {

            if (input.Length == 0)

                return input;



            int clip = input.Length;



            // Test for ++ string terminator

            int pos = input.IndexOf("\0");

            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)

                clip = pos;



            // Test for CR

            pos = input.IndexOf("\r");

            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)

                clip = pos;



            // Test for LF

            pos = input.IndexOf("\n");

            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)

                clip = pos;



            // Truncate string before first end-of-line character found

            return input.Substring(0, clip);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     returns the contents of /etc/issue on Unix Systems

        ///     Use this for where it's absolutely necessary to implement platform specific stuff

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string ReadEtcIssue()

        {

            try

            {

                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("/etc/issue.net");

                string issue = sr.ReadToEnd();

                sr.Close();

                return issue;

            }

            catch (Exception)

            {

                return "";

            }

        }



        public static void SerializeToFile(string filename, Object obj)

        {

            IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

            Stream stream = null;



            try

            {

                stream = new FileStream(

                    filename, FileMode.Create,

                    FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);



                formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);

            }

            catch (Exception e)

            {

                MainConsole.Instance.Error(e.ToString());

            }

            finally

            {

                if (stream != null)

                {

                    stream.Close();

                }

            }

        }



        public static Object DeserializeFromFile(string filename)

        {

            IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();

            Stream stream = null;

            Object ret = null;



            try

            {

                stream = new FileStream(

                    filename, FileMode.Open,

                    FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None);



                ret = formatter.Deserialize(stream);

            }

            catch (Exception e)

            {

                MainConsole.Instance.Error(e.ToString());

            }

            finally

            {

                if (stream != null)

                {

                    stream.Close();

                }

            }



            return ret;

        }



        public static void Compress7ZipFile(string path, string destination)

        {

            ProcessStartInfo p = new ProcessStartInfo();

            string pa = Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof (Util)).CodeBase);

            if (pa != null)

            {

                p.FileName = Path.Combine(pa, "7za.exe");

                p.Arguments = "a -y -tgzip \"" + destination + "\" \"" + path + "\" -mx=9";

                p.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;

                Process x = Process.Start(p);

                x.WaitForExit();

            }

        }



        public static void UnCompress7ZipFile(string path, string destination)

        {

            ProcessStartInfo p = new ProcessStartInfo();

            string pa = Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetAssembly(typeof (Util)).CodeBase);

            if (pa != null)

            {

                p.FileName = Path.Combine(pa, "7za.exe");

                p.Arguments = "e -y \"" + path + "\" -o\"" + destination + "\" -mx=9";

                p.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;

                Process x = Process.Start(p);

                x.WaitForExit();

            }

        }



        public static string Compress(string text)

        {

            byte[] buffer = UTF8.GetBytes(text);

            MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream();

            using (GZipStream compressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Compress, true))

            {

                compressor.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

            }



            memory.Position = 0;



            byte[] compressed = new byte[memory.Length];

            memory.Read(compressed, 0, compressed.Length);



            byte[] compressedBuffer = new byte[compressed.Length + 4];

            Buffer.BlockCopy(compressed, 0, compressedBuffer, 4, compressed.Length);

            Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(buffer.Length), 0, compressedBuffer, 0, 4);

            return Convert.ToBase64String(compressedBuffer);

        }



        public static byte[] CompressBytes(byte[] buffer)

        {

            MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream();

            using (GZipStream compressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Compress, true))

            {

                compressor.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

            }



            memory.Position = 0;



            byte[] compressed = new byte[memory.Length];

            memory.Read(compressed, 0, compressed.Length);



            byte[] compressedBuffer = new byte[compressed.Length + 4];

            Buffer.BlockCopy(compressed, 0, compressedBuffer, 4, compressed.Length);

            Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(buffer.Length), 0, compressedBuffer, 0, 4);

            return compressedBuffer;

        }



        public static string Decompress(string compressedText)

        {

            byte[] compressedBuffer = Convert.FromBase64String(compressedText);

            using (MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream())

            {

                int msgLength = BitConverter.ToInt32(compressedBuffer, 0);

                memory.Write(compressedBuffer, 4, compressedBuffer.Length - 4);



                byte[] buffer = new byte[msgLength];



                memory.Position = 0;

                using (GZipStream decompressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Decompress))

                {

                    decompressor.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                }



                return UTF8.GetString(buffer);

            }

        }



        public static Stream DecompressStream(Stream compressedStream)

        {

            byte[] compressedBuffer = ReadToEnd(compressedStream);

            using (MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream())

            {

                int msgLength = BitConverter.ToInt32(compressedBuffer, 0);

                memory.Write(compressedBuffer, 4, compressedBuffer.Length - 4);



                byte[] buffer = new byte[msgLength];



                memory.Position = 0;

                using (GZipStream decompressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Decompress))

                {

                    decompressor.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                }



                return new MemoryStream(buffer);

            }

        }



        public static byte[] ReadToEnd(System.IO.Stream stream)

        {

            byte[] readBuffer = new byte[4096];



            int totalBytesRead = 0;

            int bytesRead;



            while ((bytesRead = stream.Read(readBuffer, totalBytesRead, readBuffer.Length - totalBytesRead)) > 0)

            {

                totalBytesRead += bytesRead;



                if (totalBytesRead == readBuffer.Length)

                {

                    int nextByte = stream.ReadByte();

                    if (nextByte != -1)

                    {

                        byte[] temp = new byte[readBuffer.Length*2];

                        Buffer.BlockCopy(readBuffer, 0, temp, 0, readBuffer.Length);

                        Buffer.SetByte(temp, totalBytesRead, (byte) nextByte);

                        readBuffer = temp;

                        totalBytesRead++;

                    }

                }

            }



            byte[] buffer = readBuffer;

            if (readBuffer.Length != totalBytesRead)

            {

                buffer = new byte[totalBytesRead];

                Buffer.BlockCopy(readBuffer, 0, buffer, 0, totalBytesRead);

            }

            return buffer;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Converts a byte array in big endian order into an ulong.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="bytes">

        ///     The array of bytes

        /// </param>

        /// <returns>

        ///     The extracted ulong

        /// </returns>

        public static ulong BytesToUInt64Big(byte[] bytes)

        {

            if (bytes.Length < 8) return 0;

            return ((ulong) bytes[0] << 56) | ((ulong) bytes[1] << 48) | ((ulong) bytes[2] << 40) |

                   ((ulong) bytes[3] << 32) |

                   ((ulong) bytes[4] << 24) | ((ulong) bytes[5] << 16) | ((ulong) bytes[6] << 8) | bytes[7];

        }



        // used for RemoteParcelRequest (for "About Landmark")

        public static UUID BuildFakeParcelID(ulong regionHandle, uint x, uint y)

        {

            byte[] bytes =

                {

                    (byte) regionHandle, (byte) (regionHandle >> 8), (byte) (regionHandle >> 16),

                    (byte) (regionHandle >> 24),

                    (byte) (regionHandle >> 32), (byte) (regionHandle >> 40), (byte) (regionHandle >> 48),

                    (byte) (regionHandle << 56),

                    (byte) x, (byte) (x >> 8), 0, 0,

                    (byte) y, (byte) (y >> 8), 0, 0

                };

            return new UUID(bytes, 0);

        }



        public static UUID BuildFakeParcelID(ulong regionHandle, uint x, uint y, uint z)

        {

            byte[] bytes =

                {

                    (byte) regionHandle, (byte) (regionHandle >> 8), (byte) (regionHandle >> 16),

                    (byte) (regionHandle >> 24),

                    (byte) (regionHandle >> 32), (byte) (regionHandle >> 40), (byte) (regionHandle >> 48),

                    (byte) (regionHandle << 56),

                    (byte) x, (byte) (x >> 8), (byte) z, (byte) (z >> 8),

                    (byte) y, (byte) (y >> 8), 0, 0

                };

            return new UUID(bytes, 0);

        }



        public static void ParseFakeParcelID(UUID parcelID, out ulong regionHandle, out uint x, out uint y)

        {

            byte[] bytes = parcelID.GetBytes();

            regionHandle = Utils.BytesToUInt64(bytes);

            x = Utils.BytesToUInt(bytes, 8) & 0xffff;

            y = Utils.BytesToUInt(bytes, 12) & 0xffff;

        }



        public static void ParseFakeParcelID(UUID parcelID, out ulong regionHandle, out uint x, out uint y, out uint z)

        {

            byte[] bytes = parcelID.GetBytes();

            regionHandle = Utils.BytesToUInt64(bytes);

            x = Utils.BytesToUInt(bytes, 8) & 0xffff;

            z = (Utils.BytesToUInt(bytes, 8) & 0xffff0000) >> 16;

            y = Utils.BytesToUInt(bytes, 12) & 0xffff;

        }



        public static void FakeParcelIDToGlobalPosition(UUID parcelID, out uint x, out uint y)

        {

            ulong regionHandle;

            uint rx, ry;



            ParseFakeParcelID(parcelID, out regionHandle, out x, out y);

            Utils.LongToUInts(regionHandle, out rx, out ry);



            x += rx;

            y += ry;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Get operating system information if available.  Returns only the first 45 characters of information

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns>

        ///     Operating system information.  Returns an empty string if none was available.

        /// </returns>

        public static string GetOperatingSystemInformation()

        {

            string os = String.Empty;



            os = Environment.OSVersion.Platform != PlatformID.Unix ? Environment.OSVersion.ToString() : ReadEtcIssue();



            if (os.Length > 45)

            {

                os = os.Substring(0, 45);

            }



            return os;

        }



        public static string GetRuntimeInformation()

        {

            string ru = String.Empty;



            switch (Environment.OSVersion.Platform)

            {

                case PlatformID.Unix:

                    ru = "Unix/Mono";

                    break;

                case PlatformID.MacOSX:

                    ru = "OSX/Mono";

                    break;

                default:

                    ru = Type.GetType("Mono.Runtime") != null ? "Win/Mono" : "Win/.NET";

                    break;

            }



            return ru;

        }



        public static RuntimeEnvironment GetRuntimeEnvironment()

        {

            switch (Environment.OSVersion.Platform)

            {

                case PlatformID.Unix:

                    return RuntimeEnvironment.Mono;

                case PlatformID.MacOSX:

                    return RuntimeEnvironment.Mono;

                default:

                    return Type.GetType("Mono.Runtime") != null

                               ? RuntimeEnvironment.WinMono

                               : RuntimeEnvironment.NET;

            }

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Is the given string a UUID?

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="s"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static bool isUUID(string s)

        {

            return UUIDPattern.IsMatch(s);

        }



        public static string GetDisplayConnectionString(string connectionString)

        {

            int passPosition = 0;

            int passEndPosition = 0;

            string displayConnectionString = null;



            // hide the password in the connection string

            passPosition = connectionString.IndexOf("password", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);

            passPosition = connectionString.IndexOf("=", passPosition);

            if (passPosition < connectionString.Length)

                passPosition += 1;

            passEndPosition = connectionString.IndexOf(";", passPosition);



            displayConnectionString = connectionString.Substring(0, passPosition);

            displayConnectionString += "***";

            displayConnectionString += connectionString.Substring(passEndPosition,

                                                                  connectionString.Length - passEndPosition);



            return displayConnectionString;

        }



        public static T ReadSettingsFromIniFile<T>(IConfig config, T settingsClass)

        {

            Type settingsType = settingsClass.GetType();



            FieldInfo[] fieldInfos = settingsType.GetFields();

            foreach (FieldInfo fieldInfo in fieldInfos)

            {

                if (!fieldInfo.IsStatic)

                {

                    if (fieldInfo.FieldType == typeof (String))

                    {

                        fieldInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                           config.Get(fieldInfo.Name, (string) fieldInfo.GetValue(settingsClass)));

                    }

                    else if (fieldInfo.FieldType == typeof (Boolean))

                    {

                        fieldInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                           config.GetBoolean(fieldInfo.Name, (bool) fieldInfo.GetValue(settingsClass)));

                    }

                    else if (fieldInfo.FieldType == typeof (Int32))

                    {

                        fieldInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                           config.GetInt(fieldInfo.Name, (int) fieldInfo.GetValue(settingsClass)));

                    }

                    else if (fieldInfo.FieldType == typeof (Single))

                    {

                        fieldInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                           config.GetFloat(fieldInfo.Name, (float) fieldInfo.GetValue(settingsClass)));

                    }

                    else if (fieldInfo.FieldType == typeof (UInt32))

                    {

                        fieldInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                           Convert.ToUInt32(config.Get(fieldInfo.Name,

                                                                       ((uint) fieldInfo.GetValue(settingsClass))

                                                                           .ToString())));

                    }

                }

            }



            PropertyInfo[] propertyInfos = settingsType.GetProperties();

            foreach (PropertyInfo propInfo in propertyInfos)

            {

                if ((propInfo.CanRead) && (propInfo.CanWrite))

                {

                    if (propInfo.PropertyType == typeof (String))

                    {

                        propInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                          config.Get(propInfo.Name, (string) propInfo.GetValue(settingsClass, null)),

                                          null);

                    }

                    else if (propInfo.PropertyType == typeof (Boolean))

                    {

                        propInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                          config.GetBoolean(propInfo.Name, (bool) propInfo.GetValue(settingsClass, null)),

                                          null);

                    }

                    else if (propInfo.PropertyType == typeof (Int32))

                    {

                        propInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                          config.GetInt(propInfo.Name, (int) propInfo.GetValue(settingsClass, null)),

                                          null);

                    }

                    else if (propInfo.PropertyType == typeof (Single))

                    {

                        propInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                          config.GetFloat(propInfo.Name, (float) propInfo.GetValue(settingsClass, null)),

                                          null);

                    }

                    if (propInfo.PropertyType == typeof (UInt32))

                    {

                        propInfo.SetValue(settingsClass,

                                          Convert.ToUInt32(config.Get(propInfo.Name,

                                                                      ((uint) propInfo.GetValue(settingsClass, null))

                                                                          .ToString())), null);

                    }

                }

            }



            return settingsClass;

        }



        public static string Base64ToString(string str)

        {

            UTF8Encoding encoder = new UTF8Encoding();

            Decoder utf8Decode = encoder.GetDecoder();



            byte[] todecode_byte = Convert.FromBase64String(str);

            int charCount = utf8Decode.GetCharCount(todecode_byte, 0, todecode_byte.Length);

            char[] decoded_char = new char[charCount];

            utf8Decode.GetChars(todecode_byte, 0, todecode_byte.Length, decoded_char, 0);

            string result = new String(decoded_char);

            return result;

        }



        public static Guid GetHashGuid(string data, string salt)

        {

            byte[] hash = ComputeMD5Hash(data + salt);



            //string s = BitConverter.ToString(hash);



            Guid guid = new Guid(hash);



            return guid;

        }



        public static byte ConvertMaturityToAccessLevel(uint maturity)

        {

            byte retVal = 0;

            switch (maturity)

            {

                case 0: //PG

                    retVal = 13;

                    break;

                case 1: //Mature

                    retVal = 21;

                    break;

                case 2: // Adult

                    retVal = 42;

                    break;

            }



            return retVal;

        }



        public static uint ConvertAccessLevelToMaturity(byte maturity)

        {

            uint retVal = 0;

            switch (maturity)

            {

                case 13: //PG

                    retVal = 0;

                    break;

                case 21: //Mature

                    retVal = 1;

                    break;

                case 42: // Adult

                    retVal = 2;

                    break;

            }



            return retVal;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Produces an OSDMap from its string representation on a stream

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="stream">The stream</param>

        /// <param name="length">The size of the data on the stream</param>

        /// <returns>The OSDMap or an exception</returns>

        public static OSDMap GetOSDMap(Stream stream, int length)

        {

            byte[] data = new byte[length];

            stream.Read(data, 0, length);

            string strdata = UTF8.GetString(data);

            OSDMap args = null;

            OSD buffer;

            buffer = OSDParser.DeserializeJson(strdata);

            if (buffer.Type == OSDType.Map)

            {

                args = (OSDMap) buffer;

                return args;

            }

            return null;

        }



        public static OSDMap GetOSDMap(string data)

        {

            OSDMap args = null;

            try

            {

                OSD buffer;

                // We should pay attention to the content-type, but let's assume we know it's Json

                buffer = OSDParser.DeserializeJson(data);

                if (buffer.Type == OSDType.Map)

                {

                    args = (OSDMap) buffer;

                    return args;

                }

                else

                {

                    // uh?

                    MainConsole.Instance.Debug(("[UTILS]: Got OSD of unexpected type " + buffer.Type.ToString()));

                    return null;

                }

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                MainConsole.Instance.Debug("[UTILS]: exception on GetOSDMap " + ex);

                return null;

            }

        }



        public static string[] Glob(string path)

        {

            string vol = String.Empty;



            if (Path.VolumeSeparatorChar != Path.DirectorySeparatorChar)

            {

                string[] vcomps = path.Split(new[] {Path.VolumeSeparatorChar}, 2, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);



                if (vcomps.Length > 1)

                {

                    path = vcomps[1];

                    vol = vcomps[0];

                }

            }



            string[] comps = path.Split(new[] {Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar},

                                        StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);



            // Glob



            path = vol;

            if (vol != String.Empty)

                path += new String(new[] {Path.VolumeSeparatorChar, Path.DirectorySeparatorChar});

            else

                path = new String(new[] {Path.DirectorySeparatorChar});



            List<string> paths = new List<string>();

            List<string> found = new List<string>();

            paths.Add(path);



            int compIndex = -1;

            foreach (string c in comps)

            {

                compIndex++;



                List<string> addpaths = new List<string>();

                foreach (string p in paths)

                {

                    string[] dirs = Directory.GetDirectories(p, c);



                    if (dirs.Length != 0)

                    {

                        addpaths.AddRange(dirs.Select(dir => Path.Combine(path, dir)));

                    }



                    // Only add files if that is the last path component

                    if (compIndex == comps.Length - 1)

                    {

                        string[] files = Directory.GetFiles(p, c);

                        found.AddRange(files);

                    }

                }

                paths = addpaths;

            }



            return found.ToArray();

        }



        public static string[] GetSubFiles(string path)

        {

            string[] comps = path.Split(new[] {Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, Path.AltDirectorySeparatorChar},

                                        StringSplitOptions.None);

            List<string> paths = new List<string>();

            string endFind = comps[comps.Length - 1];

            string baseDir = "";

            for (int i = 0; i < comps.Length - 1; i++)

            {

                if (i == comps.Length - 2)

                    baseDir += comps[i];

                else

                    baseDir += comps[i] + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar;

            }

            paths.Add(baseDir);



            return paths.SelectMany(p => Directory.GetFiles(p, endFind)).ToArray();

        }



        public static byte[] StringToBytes256(string str, params object[] args)

        {

            return StringToBytes256(string.Format(str, args));

        }



        public static byte[] StringToBytes1024(string str, params object[] args)

        {

            return StringToBytes1024(string.Format(str, args));

        }



        public static byte[] StringToBytes256(string str)

        {

            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(str))

            {

                return Utils.EmptyBytes;

            }

            if (str.Length > 254) str = str.Remove(254);

            if (!str.EndsWith("\0"))

            {

                str += "\0";

            }



            // Because this is UTF-8 encoding and not ASCII, it's possible we

            // might have gotten an oversized array even after the string trim

            byte[] data = UTF8.GetBytes(str);

            if (data.Length > 256)

            {

                Array.Resize(ref data, 256);

                data[255] = 0;

            }



            return data;

        }



        public static byte[] StringToBytes1024(string str)

        {

            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(str))

            {

                return Utils.EmptyBytes;

            }

            if (str.Length > 1023) str = str.Remove(1023);

            if (!str.EndsWith("\0"))

            {

                str += "\0";

            }



            // Because this is UTF-8 encoding and not ASCII, it's possible we

            // might have gotten an oversized array even after the string trim

            byte[] data = UTF8.GetBytes(str);

            if (data.Length > 1024)

            {

                Array.Resize(ref data, 1024);

                data[1023] = 0;

            }



            return data;

        }



        #region FireAndForget Threading Pattern



        /// <summary>

        ///     Created to work around a limitation in Mono with nested delegates

        /// </summary>

        private sealed class FireAndForgetWrapper

        {

            private static volatile FireAndForgetWrapper instance;

            private static readonly object syncRoot = new Object();



            public static FireAndForgetWrapper Instance

            {

                get

                {

                    if (instance == null)

                    {

                        lock (syncRoot)

                        {

                            if (instance == null)

                            {

                                instance = new FireAndForgetWrapper();

                            }

                        }

                    }



                    return instance;

                }

            }



            public void FireAndForget(WaitCallback callback)

            {

                callback.BeginInvoke(null, EndFireAndForget, callback);

            }



            public void FireAndForget(WaitCallback callback, object obj)

            {

                callback.BeginInvoke(obj, EndFireAndForget, callback);

            }



            private static void EndFireAndForget(IAsyncResult ar)

            {

                WaitCallback callback = (WaitCallback) ar.AsyncState;



                try

                {

                    callback.EndInvoke(ar);

                }

                catch (Exception ex)

                {

                    MainConsole.Instance.ErrorFormat("[UTIL]: Asynchronous method threw an exception: {0}", ex.ToString());

                }



                ar.AsyncWaitHandle.Close();

            }

        }



        public static void FireAndForget(WaitCallback callback)

        {

            FireAndForget(callback, null);

        }



        public static void InitThreadPool(int maxThreads)

        {

            if (maxThreads < 2)

                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("maxThreads", "maxThreads must be greater than 2");

            if (m_ThreadPool != null)

                throw new InvalidOperationException("SmartThreadPool is already initialized");



            m_threadPoolRunning = true;

            m_ThreadPool = new SmartThreadPool(2000, maxThreads, 2);

        }



        public static void CloseThreadPool()

        {

            if (FireAndForgetMethod == FireAndForgetMethod.SmartThreadPool &&

                m_ThreadPool != null)

            {

                //This stops more tasks and threads from being started

                m_threadPoolRunning = false;

                m_ThreadPool.WaitForIdle(60*1000);

                //Wait for the threads to be idle, but don't wait for more than a minute

                //Destroy the threadpool now

                m_ThreadPool.Dispose();

                m_ThreadPool = null;

            }

        }



        public static int FireAndForgetCount()

        {

            const int MAX_SYSTEM_THREADS = 200;



            switch (FireAndForgetMethod)

            {

                case FireAndForgetMethod.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem:

                case FireAndForgetMethod.QueueUserWorkItem:

                case FireAndForgetMethod.BeginInvoke:

                    int workerThreads, iocpThreads;

                    ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out workerThreads, out iocpThreads);

                    return workerThreads;

                case FireAndForgetMethod.SmartThreadPool:

                    if (m_ThreadPool == null || !m_threadPoolRunning)

                        return 0;

                    return m_ThreadPool.MaxThreads - m_ThreadPool.InUseThreads;

                case FireAndForgetMethod.Thread:

                    return MAX_SYSTEM_THREADS - Process.GetCurrentProcess().Threads.Count;

                default:

                    throw new NotImplementedException();

            }

        }



        public static void FireAndForget(WaitCallback callback, object obj)

        {

            switch (FireAndForgetMethod)

            {

                case FireAndForgetMethod.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem:

                    ThreadPool.UnsafeQueueUserWorkItem(callback, obj);

                    break;

                case FireAndForgetMethod.QueueUserWorkItem:

                    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callback, obj);

                    break;

                case FireAndForgetMethod.BeginInvoke:

                    FireAndForgetWrapper wrapper = FireAndForgetWrapper.Instance;

                    wrapper.FireAndForget(callback, obj);

                    break;

                case FireAndForgetMethod.SmartThreadPool:

                    if (m_ThreadPool == null)

                        InitThreadPool(15);

                    if (m_threadPoolRunning) //Check if the thread pool should be running

                        m_ThreadPool.QueueWorkItem((WorkItemCallback) SmartThreadPoolCallback, new[] {callback, obj});

                    break;

                case FireAndForgetMethod.Thread:

                    Thread thread = new Thread(delegate(object o)

                                                   {

                                                       Culture.SetCurrentCulture();

                                                       callback(o);

                                                   });

                    thread.Start(obj);

                    break;

                default:

                    throw new NotImplementedException();

            }

        }



        private static object SmartThreadPoolCallback(object o)

        {

            object[] array = (object[]) o;

            WaitCallback callback = (WaitCallback) array[0];

            object obj = array[1];



            callback(obj);

            return null;

        }



        #endregion FireAndForget Threading Pattern



        /// <summary>

        ///     Environment.TickCount is an int but it counts all 32 bits so it goes positive

        ///     and negative every 24.9 days. This trims down TickCount so it doesn't wrap

        ///     for the callers.

        ///     This trims it to a 12 day interval so don't let your frame time get too long.

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static Int32 EnvironmentTickCount()

        {

            return Environment.TickCount & EnvironmentTickCountMask;

        }



        public const Int32 EnvironmentTickCountMask = 0x3fffffff;



        /// <summary>

        ///     Environment.TickCount is an int but it counts all 32 bits so it goes positive

        ///     and negative every 24.9 days. Subtracts the passed value (previously fetched by

        ///     'EnvironmentTickCount()') and accounts for any wrapping.

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns>subtraction of passed prevValue from current Environment.TickCount</returns>

        public static Int32 EnvironmentTickCountSubtract(Int32 prevValue)

        {

            Int32 diff = EnvironmentTickCount() - prevValue;

            return (diff >= 0) ? diff : (diff + EnvironmentTickCountMask + 1);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Environment.TickCount is an int but it counts all 32 bits so it goes positive

        ///     and negative every 24.9 days. Adds the passed value (previously fetched by

        ///     'EnvironmentTickCount()') and accounts for any wrapping.

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns>addition of passed prevValue from current Environment.TickCount</returns>

        public static Int32 EnvironmentTickCountAdd(Int32 ms)

        {

            Int32 add = EnvironmentTickCount() + ms;

            return (add >= EnvironmentTickCountMask) ? add - EnvironmentTickCountMask : add;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Prints the call stack at any given point. Useful for debugging.

        /// </summary>

        public static void PrintCallStack()

        {

            StackTrace stackTrace = new StackTrace(); // get call stack

            StackFrame[] stackFrames = stackTrace.GetFrames(); // get method calls (frames)



            // write call stack method names

            foreach (StackFrame stackFrame in stackFrames)

            {

                MainConsole.Instance.Debug(stackFrame.GetMethod().DeclaringType + "." + stackFrame.GetMethod().Name);

                // write method name

            }

        }



        public static OSDMap DictionaryToOSD(Dictionary<string, object> sendData)

        {

            OSDMap map = new OSDMap();

            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> kvp in sendData)

            {

                if (kvp.Value is Dictionary<string, object>)

                {

                    map[kvp.Key] = DictionaryToOSD(kvp.Value as Dictionary<string, object>);

                }

                else

                {

                    OSD v = OSD.FromObject(kvp.Value);

                    OSD val = kvp.Value as OSD;

                    map[kvp.Key] = v.Type == OSDType.Unknown ? val : v;

                }

            }

            return map;

        }



        public static Dictionary<string, object> OSDToDictionary(OSDMap map)

        {

            Dictionary<string, object> retVal = new Dictionary<string, object>();

            foreach (string key in map.Keys)

            {

                retVal.Add(key, OSDToObject(map[key]));

            }

            return retVal;

        }



        public static OSD MakeOSD(object o, Type t)

        {

            if (o is OSD)

                return (OSD) o;

            if (o is System.Drawing.Image)

                return OSDBinary.FromBinary(ImageToByteArray(o as System.Drawing.Image));

            OSD oo;

            if ((oo = OSD.FromObject(o)).Type != OSDType.Unknown)

                return (OSD) oo;

            if (o is IDataTransferable)

                return ((IDataTransferable) o).ToOSD();

            Type[] genericArgs = t.GetGenericArguments();

            if (Util.IsInstanceOfGenericType(typeof (List<>), t))

            {

                OSDArray array = new OSDArray();

                System.Collections.IList collection = (System.Collections.IList) o;

                foreach (object item in collection)

                {

                    array.Add(MakeOSD(item, genericArgs[0]));

                }

                return array;

            }

            else if (Util.IsInstanceOfGenericType(typeof (Dictionary<,>), t))

            {

                OSDMap array = new OSDMap();

                System.Collections.IDictionary collection = (System.Collections.IDictionary) o;

                foreach (System.Collections.DictionaryEntry item in collection)

                {

                    array.Add(MakeOSD(item.Key, genericArgs[0]), MakeOSD(item.Value, genericArgs[1]));

                }

                return array;

            }

            if (t.BaseType == typeof (Enum))

                return OSD.FromString(o.ToString());

            return null;

        }



        public static byte[] ImageToByteArray(System.Drawing.Image imageIn)

        {

            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();

            imageIn.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif);

            return ms.ToArray();

        }



        public static System.Drawing.Image ByteArrayToImage(byte[] byteArrayIn)

        {

            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream(byteArrayIn);

            System.Drawing.Image returnImage = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(ms);

            return returnImage;

        }



        private static object CreateInstance(Type type)

        {

            if (type == typeof (string))

                return string.Empty;

            else

                return Activator.CreateInstance(type);

        }



        public static object OSDToObject(OSD o)

        {

            return OSDToObject(o, o.GetType());

        }



        public static object OSDToObject(OSD o, Type PossibleArrayType)

        {

            if (o.Type == OSDType.UUID || PossibleArrayType == typeof (UUID))

                return o.AsUUID();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (string) || PossibleArrayType == typeof (OSDString) ||

                PossibleArrayType.BaseType == typeof (Enum))

            {

                if (PossibleArrayType.BaseType == typeof (Enum))

                    return Enum.Parse(PossibleArrayType, o.AsString());



                return o.AsString();

            }

            if (o.Type == OSDType.Array && PossibleArrayType == typeof (System.Drawing.Image))

                return ByteArrayToImage(o.AsBinary());



            if (o.Type == OSDType.Integer && PossibleArrayType == typeof (byte))

                return (byte) o.AsInteger();

            if (o.Type == OSDType.Integer || PossibleArrayType == typeof (int))

                return o.AsInteger();

            if (o.Type == OSDType.Binary || PossibleArrayType == typeof (byte[]))

                return o.AsBinary();

            if (o.Type == OSDType.Boolean || PossibleArrayType == typeof (bool))

                return o.AsBoolean();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (Color4))

                return o.AsColor4();

            if (o.Type == OSDType.Date || PossibleArrayType == typeof (DateTime))

                return o.AsDate();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (long))

                return o.AsLong();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (Quaternion))

                return o.AsQuaternion();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (float))

                return (float) o.AsReal();

            if (o.Type == OSDType.Real || PossibleArrayType == typeof (double))

                return o.AsReal();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (uint))

                return o.AsUInteger();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (ulong))

                return o.AsULong();

            if (o.Type == OSDType.URI || PossibleArrayType == typeof (Uri))

                return o.AsUri();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (Vector2))

                return o.AsVector2();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (Vector3))

                return o.AsVector3();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (Vector3d))

                return o.AsVector3d();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (Vector4))

                return o.AsVector4();

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (OSDMap))

                return (OSDMap) o;

            if (PossibleArrayType == typeof (OSDArray))

                return (OSDArray) o;

            if (o.Type == OSDType.Array)

            {

                OSDArray array = (OSDArray) o;

                var possArrayType = Activator.CreateInstance(PossibleArrayType);

                IList list = (IList) possArrayType;

                Type t = PossibleArrayType.GetGenericArguments()[0];

                if (t == typeof (UInt32))

                    return o.AsUInteger();



                foreach (OSD oo in array)

                {

                    list.Add(OSDToObject(oo, t));

                }

                return list;

            }



            var possType = Activator.CreateInstance(PossibleArrayType);

            if (possType is IDataTransferable)

            {

                IDataTransferable data = (IDataTransferable) possType;

                data.FromOSD((OSDMap) o);

                return data;

            }

            else if (o.Type == OSDType.Map)

            {

                OSDMap array = (OSDMap) o;

                var possArrayTypeB = Activator.CreateInstance(PossibleArrayType);

                var list = (IDictionary) possArrayTypeB;

                Type t = PossibleArrayType.GetGenericArguments()[1];

                Type tt = PossibleArrayType.GetGenericArguments()[0];

                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, OSD> oo in array)

                {

                    list.Add(OSDToObject(oo.Key, tt), OSDToObject(oo.Value, t));

                }

                return list;

            }

            return null;

        }



        public static List<T> MakeList<T>(T itemOftype)

        {

            List<T> newList = new List<T>();

            return newList;

        }



        public static Dictionary<A, B> MakeDictionary<A, B>(A itemOftypeA, B itemOfTypeB)

        {

            Dictionary<A, B> newList = new Dictionary<A, B>();

            return newList;

        }



        public static void UlongToInts(ulong regionHandle, out int x, out int y)

        {

            uint xx, yy;

            Utils.LongToUInts(regionHandle, out xx, out yy);

            x = (int) xx;

            y = (int) yy;

        }



        public static ulong IntsToUlong(int x, int y)

        {

            return Utils.UIntsToLong((uint) x, (uint) y);

        }



        public static string CombineParams(string[] commandParams, int pos)

        {

            string result = string.Empty;

            for (int i = pos; i < commandParams.Length; i++)

            {

                result += commandParams[i] + " ";

            }

            result = result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1); //Remove the trailing space

            return result;

        }



        public static string CombineParams(string[] commandParams, int pos, int endPos)

        {

            string result = string.Empty;

            for (int i = pos; i < endPos; i++)

            {

                result += commandParams[i] + " ";

            }



            return result.Substring(0, result.Length - 1);

        }



        public static string BasePathCombine(string p)

        {

            if (p == "")

                return Application.StartupPath;

            return Path.Combine(Application.StartupPath, p);

        }



        public static void GetReaderLock(ReaderWriterLockSlim l)

        {

            int i = 0;

            while (i < 10) //Only try 10 times... 10s is way too much

            {

                try

                {

                    l.TryEnterReadLock(100);

                    //Got it

                    return;

                }

                catch (ApplicationException)

                {

                    // The reader lock request timed out. Try again

                }

            }

            throw new ApplicationException("Could not retrieve read lock");

        }



        public static void ReleaseReaderLock(ReaderWriterLockSlim l)

        {

            l.ExitReadLock();

        }



        public static void GetWriterLock(ReaderWriterLockSlim l)

        {

            int i = 0;

            while (i < 10) //Only try 10 times... 10s is way too much

            {

                try

                {

                    l.TryEnterWriteLock(100);

                    //Got it

                    return;

                }

                catch (ApplicationException)

                {

                    // The reader lock request timed out. Try again

                }

            }

            throw new ApplicationException("Could not retrieve write lock");

        }



        public static void ReleaseWriterLock(ReaderWriterLockSlim l)

        {

            l.ExitWriteLock();

        }



        public static sbyte CheckMeshType(sbyte p)

        {

            if (p == (sbyte) AssetType.Mesh)

                return (sbyte) AssetType.Texture;

            return p;

        }



        public static bool IsInstanceOfGenericType(Type genericType, object instance)

        {

            Type type = instance.GetType();

            return IsInstanceOfGenericType(genericType, type);

        }



        public static bool IsInstanceOfGenericType(Type genericType, Type type)

        {

            while (type != null)

            {

                if (type.IsGenericType &&

                    type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == genericType)

                {

                    return true;

                }

                type = type.BaseType;

            }

            return false;

        }



        // http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/forums/en-US/csharpgeneral/thread/68f7ca38-5cd1-411f-b8d4-e4f7a688bc03

        // By: A Million Lemmings

        public static string ConvertDecString(int dvalue)

        {

            string CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";



            string retVal = string.Empty;



            double value = Convert.ToDouble(dvalue);



            do

            {

                double remainder = value - (26*Math.Truncate(value/26));



                retVal = retVal + CHARS.Substring((int) remainder, 1);



                value = Math.Truncate(value/26);

            } while (value > 0);





            return retVal;

        }

    }



    public static class StringUtils

    {

        public static string MySqlEscape(this string usString)

        {

            return MySqlEscape(usString, 0);

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Because Escaping the sql might cause it to go over the max length

        ///     DO NOT USE THIS ON JSON STRINGS!!! IT WILL BREAK THE DESERIALIZATION!!!

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="usString"></param>

        /// <param name="maxLength"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static string MySqlEscape(this string usString, int maxLength)

        {

            if (usString == null)

            {

                return null;

            }

            // SQL Encoding for MySQL Recommended here:

            // http://au.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-real-escape-string.php

            // it escapes \r, \n, \x00, \x1a, baskslash, single quotes, and double quotes

            string returnvalue = Regex.Replace(usString, @"[\r\n\x00\x1a\\'""]", @"\$0");

            if ((maxLength != 0) && (returnvalue.Length > maxLength))

                returnvalue = returnvalue.Substring(0, maxLength);

            return returnvalue;

        }



        /// From http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/mahesh/RandomNumber11232005010428AM/RandomNumber.aspx

        /// <summary>

        ///     Generates a random string with the given length

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="size">Size of the string</param>

        /// <param name="lowerCase">If true, generate lowercase string</param>

        /// <returns>Random string</returns>

        public static string RandomString(int size, bool lowerCase)

        {

            string builder = "t";

            int off = lowerCase ? 'a' : 'A';

            int j;

            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)

            {

                j = Util.RandomClass.Next(25);

                builder += (char) (j + off);

            }



            return builder;

        }



        public static string[] AlphanumericSort(List<string> list)

        {

            string[] nList = list.ToArray();

            Array.Sort(nList, new AlphanumComparatorFast());

            return nList;

        }



        public class AlphanumComparatorFast : IComparer

        {

            public int Compare(object x, object y)

            {

                string s1 = x as string;

                if (s1 == null)

                {

                    return 0;

                }

                string s2 = y as string;

                if (s2 == null)

                {

                    return 0;

                }



                int len1 = s1.Length;

                int len2 = s2.Length;

                int marker1 = 0;

                int marker2 = 0;



                // Walk through two the strings with two markers.

                while (marker1 < len1 && marker2 < len2)

                {

                    char ch1 = s1[marker1];

                    char ch2 = s2[marker2];



                    // Some buffers we can build up characters in for each chunk.

                    char[] space1 = new char[len1];

                    int loc1 = 0;

                    char[] space2 = new char[len2];

                    int loc2 = 0;



                    // Walk through all following characters that are digits or

                    // characters in BOTH strings starting at the appropriate marker.

                    // Collect char arrays.

                    do

                    {

                        space1[loc1++] = ch1;

                        marker1++;



                        if (marker1 < len1)

                        {

                            ch1 = s1[marker1];

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            break;

                        }

                    } while (char.IsDigit(ch1) == char.IsDigit(space1[0]));



                    do

                    {

                        space2[loc2++] = ch2;

                        marker2++;



                        if (marker2 < len2)

                        {

                            ch2 = s2[marker2];

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            break;

                        }

                    } while (char.IsDigit(ch2) == char.IsDigit(space2[0]));



                    // If we have collected numbers, compare them numerically.

                    // Otherwise, if we have strings, compare them alphabetically.

                    string str1 = new string(space1);

                    string str2 = new string(space2);



                    int result;



                    if (char.IsDigit(space1[0]) && char.IsDigit(space2[0]))

                    {

                        int thisNumericChunk = int.Parse(str1);

                        int thatNumericChunk = int.Parse(str2);

                        result = thisNumericChunk.CompareTo(thatNumericChunk);

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        result = str1.CompareTo(str2);

                    }



                    if (result != 0)

                    {

                        return result;

                    }

                }

                return len1 - len2;

            }

        }



        public static List<string> SizeSort(List<string> functionKeys, bool smallestToLargest)

        {

            functionKeys.Sort((a, b) => { return a.Length.CompareTo(b.Length); });

            if (!smallestToLargest)

                functionKeys.Reverse(); //Flip the order then

            return functionKeys;

        }

    }



    public class NetworkUtils

    {

        private static bool m_noInternetConnection;

        private static int m_nextInternetConnectionCheck;

        //private static bool useLocalhostLoopback=false;

        private static readonly ExpiringCache<string, IPAddress> m_dnsCache = new ExpiringCache<string, IPAddress>();



        public static IPEndPoint ResolveEndPoint(string hostName, int port)

        {

            IPEndPoint endpoint = null;

            // Old one defaults to IPv6

            //return new IPEndPoint(Dns.GetHostAddresses(m_externalHostName)[0], m_internalEndPoint.Port);



            IPAddress ia = null;

            // If it is already an IP, don't resolve it - just return directly

            if (IPAddress.TryParse(hostName, out ia))

            {

                endpoint = new IPEndPoint(ia, port);

                return endpoint;

            }



            try

            {

                if (IPAddress.TryParse(hostName.Split(':')[0], out ia))

                {

                    endpoint = new IPEndPoint(ia, port);

                    return endpoint;

                }

            }

            catch

            {

            }

            // Reset for next check

            ia = null;

            try

            {

                if (CheckInternetConnection())

                {

                    foreach (IPAddress Adr in Dns.GetHostAddresses(hostName))

                    {

                        if (ia == null)

                            ia = Adr;



                        if (Adr.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)

                        {

                            ia = Adr;

                            InternetSuccess();

                            break;

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

            catch (SocketException e)

            {

                InternetFailure();

                throw new Exception(

                    "Unable to resolve local hostname " + hostName + " innerException of type '" +

                    e + "' attached to this exception", e);

            }

            if (ia != null)

                endpoint = new IPEndPoint(ia, port);

            return endpoint;

        }



        public static bool CheckInternetConnection()

        {

            if (m_noInternetConnection)

            {

                if (Util.EnvironmentTickCount() > m_nextInternetConnectionCheck)

                    return true; //Try again



                return false;

            }

            return true; //No issues

        }



        public static void InternetSuccess()

        {

            m_noInternetConnection = false;

        }



        public static void InternetFailure()

        {

            m_nextInternetConnectionCheck = Util.EnvironmentTickCountAdd(5*60*1000); /*5 mins*/

            m_noInternetConnection = true;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Gets the client IP address

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="xff"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static IPEndPoint GetClientIPFromXFF(string xff)

        {

            if (xff == string.Empty)

                return null;



            string[] parts = xff.Split(new[] {','});

            if (parts.Length > 0)

            {

                try

                {

                    return new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(parts[0]), 0);

                }

                catch (Exception e)

                {

                    MainConsole.Instance.WarnFormat("[UTIL]: Exception parsing XFF header {0}: {1}", xff, e.Message);

                }

            }



            return null;

        }



        public static string GetCallerIP(Hashtable req)

        {

            if (req.ContainsKey("headers"))

            {

                try

                {

                    Hashtable headers = (Hashtable) req["headers"];

                    if (headers.ContainsKey("remote_addr") && headers["remote_addr"] != null)

                        return headers["remote_addr"].ToString();

                    if (headers.ContainsKey("Host") && headers["Host"] != null)

                        return headers["Host"].ToString().Split(':')[0];

                }

                catch (Exception e)

                {

                    MainConsole.Instance.WarnFormat("[UTIL]: exception in GetCallerIP: {0}", e.Message);

                }

            }

            return string.Empty;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Attempts to resolve the loopback issue, but only works if this is run on the same network as the iPAddress

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="iPAddress"></param>

        /// <param name="clientIP"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static IPAddress ResolveAddressForClient(IPAddress iPAddress, IPEndPoint clientIP)

        {

            /*if (iPAddress == null)

                return clientIP.Address;

            if (iPAddress.Equals(clientIP.Address))

            {

                if (useLocalhostLoopback)

                    return IPAddress.Loopback;

                if (iPAddress == IPAddress.Loopback)

                    return iPAddress; //Don't send something else if it is already on loopback

                if (CheckInternetConnection())

                {

#pragma warning disable 618

                    //The 'bad' way, only works for things on the same machine...

                    try

                    {

                        string hostName = Dns.GetHostName();

                        IPHostEntry ipEntry = Dns.GetHostByName(hostName);

#pragma warning restore 618

                        IPAddress[] addr = ipEntry.AddressList;

                        return addr[0]; //Loopback around! They are on the same connection

                    }

                    catch

                    {

                        InternetFailure(); //Something went wrong

                    }

                }

            }

            return iPAddress;*/

            return iPAddress;

        }



        public static bool IsLanIP(IPAddress address)

        {

            var interfaces = NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces();

            foreach (var iface in interfaces)

            {

                var properties = iface.GetIPProperties();

                foreach (var ifAddr in properties.UnicastAddresses)

                {

                    if (ifAddr.IPv4Mask != null &&

                        ifAddr.Address.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork &&

                        CheckMask(ifAddr.Address, ifAddr.IPv4Mask, address))

                        return true;

                }

            }

            return false;

        }



        private static bool CheckMask(IPAddress address, IPAddress mask, IPAddress target)

        {

            if (mask == null)

                return false;



            var ba = address.GetAddressBytes();

            var bm = mask.GetAddressBytes();

            var bb = target.GetAddressBytes();



            if (ba.Length != bm.Length || bm.Length != bb.Length)

                return false;



            for (var i = 0; i < ba.Length; i++)

            {

                int m = bm[i];



                int a = ba[i] & m;

                int b = bb[i] & m;



                if (a != b)

                    return false;

            }



            return true;

        }



        public static IPEndPoint ResolveAddressForClient(IPEndPoint iPAddress, IPEndPoint clientIP)

        {

            iPAddress.Address = ResolveAddressForClient(iPAddress.Address, clientIP);

            return iPAddress;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Returns a IP address from a specified DNS, favouring IPv4 addresses.

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="dnsAddress">DNS Hostname</param>

        /// <returns>An IP address, or null</returns>

        public static IPAddress GetHostFromDNS(string dnsAddress)

        {

            dnsAddress = dnsAddress.Replace("http://", "").Replace("https://", "");

            if (dnsAddress.EndsWith("/"))

                dnsAddress = dnsAddress.Remove(dnsAddress.Length - 1);

            if (dnsAddress.Contains(":"))

                dnsAddress = dnsAddress.Split(':')[0];

            IPAddress ipa;

            if (m_dnsCache.TryGetValue(dnsAddress, out ipa))

                return ipa;

            // Is it already a valid IP? No need to look it up.

            if (IPAddress.TryParse(dnsAddress, out ipa))

            {

                m_dnsCache.Add(dnsAddress, ipa, 30*60 /*30mins*/);

                return ipa;

            }

            try

            {

                if (IPAddress.TryParse(dnsAddress.Split(':')[0], out ipa))

                {

                    m_dnsCache.Add(dnsAddress, ipa, 30*60 /*30mins*/);

                    return ipa;

                }

            }

            catch

            {

            }

            IPAddress[] hosts = null;



            // Not an IP, lookup required

            try

            {

                if (CheckInternetConnection())

                {

                    hosts = Dns.GetHostEntry(dnsAddress).AddressList;

                    if (hosts != null)

                        InternetSuccess();

                    else

                        InternetFailure();

                }

            }

            catch (Exception e)

            {

                MainConsole.Instance.WarnFormat("[UTIL]: An error occurred while resolving host name {0}, {1}",

                                                dnsAddress, e);



                InternetFailure();

                // Still going to throw the exception on for now, since this was what was happening in the first place

                throw e;

            }



            if (hosts != null)

            {

                foreach (IPAddress host in hosts.Where(host => host.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork))

                {

                    m_dnsCache.Add(dnsAddress, host, 30*60 /*30mins*/);

                    return host;

                }



                if (hosts.Length > 0)

                {

                    m_dnsCache.Add(dnsAddress, hosts[0], 30*60 /*30mins*/);

                    return hosts[0];

                }

            }



            return null;

        }



        public static Uri GetURI(string protocol, string hostname, int port, string path)

        {

            return new UriBuilder(protocol, hostname, port, path).Uri;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Gets a list of all local system IP addresses

        /// </summary>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static IPAddress[] GetLocalHosts()

        {

            return Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());

        }



        public static IPAddress GetLocalHost()

        {

            IPAddress[] iplist = GetLocalHosts();



            if (iplist.Length == 0) // No accessible external interfaces

            {

                if (CheckInternetConnection())

                {

                    try

                    {

                        IPAddress[] loopback = Dns.GetHostAddresses("localhost");

                        IPAddress localhost = loopback[0];



                        InternetSuccess();

                        return localhost;

                    }

                    catch

                    {

                        InternetFailure();

                    }

                }

            }



            foreach (

                IPAddress host in

                    iplist.Where(host => !IPAddress.IsLoopback(host) && host.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)

                )

            {

                return host;

            }



            if (iplist.Length > 0)

            {

                foreach (IPAddress host in iplist.Where(host => host.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork))

                {

                    return host;

                }



                // Well all else failed...

                return iplist[0];

            }



            return null;

        }



        #region Nested type: IPAddressRange



        public class IPAddressRange

        {

            private readonly AddressFamily addressFamily;

            private readonly byte[] lowerBytes;

            private readonly byte[] upperBytes;



            public IPAddressRange(IPAddress lower, IPAddress upper)

            {

                // Assert that lower.AddressFamily == upper.AddressFamily



                this.addressFamily = lower.AddressFamily;

                this.lowerBytes = lower.GetAddressBytes();

                this.upperBytes = upper.GetAddressBytes();

            }



            public bool IsInRange(IPAddress address)

            {

                if (address.AddressFamily != addressFamily)

                {

                    return false;

                }



                byte[] addressBytes = address.GetAddressBytes();



                bool lowerBoundary = true, upperBoundary = true;



                for (int i = 0;

                     i < this.lowerBytes.Length &&

                     (lowerBoundary || upperBoundary);

                     i++)

                {

                    if ((lowerBoundary && addressBytes[i] < lowerBytes[i]) ||

                        (upperBoundary && addressBytes[i] > upperBytes[i]))

                    {

                        return false;

                    }



                    lowerBoundary &= (addressBytes[i] == lowerBytes[i]);

                    upperBoundary &= (addressBytes[i] == upperBytes[i]);

                }



                return true;

            }

        }



        #endregion

    }



    public static class Extensions

    {

        public static List<T> ConvertAll<T>(this OSDArray array, Converter<OSD, T> converter)

        {

            List<OSD> list = new List<OSD>();

            foreach (OSD o in array)

            {

                list.Add(o);

            }

            return list.ConvertAll<T>(converter);

        }



        public static Dictionary<string, T> ConvertMap<T>(this OSDMap array, Converter<OSD, T> converter)

        {

            Dictionary<string, T> map = new Dictionary<string, T>();

            foreach (KeyValuePair<string, OSD> o in array)

            {

                map.Add(o.Key, converter(o.Value));

            }

            return map;

        }



        public static OSDArray ToOSDArray<T>(this List<T> array)

        {

            OSDArray list = new OSDArray();

            foreach (object o in array)

            {

                OSD osd = Util.MakeOSD(o, o.GetType());

                if (osd != null)

                    list.Add(osd);

            }

            return list;

        }



        public static OSDMap ToOSDMap<A, B>(this Dictionary<A, B> array)

        {

            OSDMap list = new OSDMap();

            foreach (KeyValuePair<A, B> o in array)

            {

                OSD osd = Util.MakeOSD(o.Value, o.Value.GetType());

                if (osd != null)

                    list.Add(o.Key.ToString(), osd);

            }

            return list;

        }



        /// <summary>

        ///     Comes from http://www.codeproject.com/script/Articles/ViewDownloads.aspx?aid=14593

        /// </summary>

        /// <param name="method"></param>

        /// <param name="parameters"></param>

        /// <param name="invokeClass"></param>

        /// <param name="invokeParameters"></param>

        /// <returns></returns>

        public static object FastInvoke(this MethodInfo method, ParameterInfo[] parameters, object invokeClass,

                                        object[] invokeParameters)

        {

            DynamicMethod dynamicMethod = new DynamicMethod(string.Empty,

                                                            typeof (object), new Type[]

                                                                                 {

                                                                                     typeof (object),

                                                                                     typeof (object[])

                                                                                 },

                                                            method.DeclaringType.Module);

            ILGenerator il = dynamicMethod.GetILGenerator();

            Type[] paramTypes = new Type[parameters.Length];

            for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.Length; i++)

            {

                paramTypes[i] = parameters[i].ParameterType;

            }

            LocalBuilder[] locals = new LocalBuilder[paramTypes.Length];

            for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.Length; i++)

            {

                locals[i] = il.DeclareLocal(paramTypes[i]);

            }

            for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.Length; i++)

            {

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);

                EmitFastInt(il, i);

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);

                EmitCastToReference(il, paramTypes[i]);

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, locals[i]);

            }

            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);

            for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.Length; i++)

            {

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, locals[i]);

            }

            il.EmitCall(OpCodes.Call, method, null);

            if (method.ReturnType == typeof (void))

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);

            else

                EmitBoxIfNeeded(il, method.ReturnType);

            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

            return dynamicMethod.Invoke(null, new object[2] {invokeClass, invokeParameters});

            /*FastInvokeHandler invoder =

              (FastInvokeHandler)dynamicMethod.CreateDelegate(

              typeof(FastInvokeHandler));

            return invoder;*/

        }



        private static void EmitCastToReference(ILGenerator il, System.Type type)

        {

            if (type.IsValueType)

            {

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, type);

            }

            else

            {

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, type);

            }

        }



        private static void EmitBoxIfNeeded(ILGenerator il, System.Type type)

        {

            if (type.IsValueType)

            {

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, type);

            }

        }



        private static void EmitFastInt(ILGenerator il, int value)

        {

            switch (value)

            {

                case -1:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);

                    return;

                case 0:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);

                    return;

                case 1:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);

                    return;

                case 2:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_2);

                    return;

                case 3:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_3);

                    return;

                case 4:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_4);

                    return;

                case 5:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_5);

                    return;

                case 6:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_6);

                    return;

                case 7:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_7);

                    return;

                case 8:

                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_8);

                    return;

            }



            if (value > -129 && value < 128)

            {

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_S, (SByte) value);

            }

            else

            {

                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, value);

            }

        }

    }



    public class AllScopeIDImpl : IDataTransferable

    {

        public UUID ScopeID = UUID.Zero;



        public List<UUID> AllScopeIDs

        {

            get

            {

                List<UUID> ids = new List<UUID>();

                if (!ids.Contains(ScopeID))

                    ids.Add(ScopeID);

                return ids;

            }

            set { }

        }



        public static List<T> CheckScopeIDs<T>(List<UUID> scopeIDs, List<T> list) where T : AllScopeIDImpl

        {

            if (scopeIDs == null || scopeIDs.Count == 0 || scopeIDs.Contains(UUID.Zero))

                return list;

            return

                new List<T>(

                    list.Where(r => scopeIDs.Any(s => r.AllScopeIDs.Contains(s)) || r.AllScopeIDs.Contains(UUID.Zero)));

        }



        public static T CheckScopeIDs<T>(List<UUID> scopeIDs, T l) where T : AllScopeIDImpl

        {

            if (l == null || scopeIDs == null || scopeIDs.Count == 0 || scopeIDs.Contains(UUID.Zero))

                return l;

            return (scopeIDs.Any(s => l.AllScopeIDs.Contains(s)) || l.AllScopeIDs.Contains(UUID.Zero)) ? l : null;

        }

    }

}