/setuptools/pydoc.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: Latin-1 -*-

"""Generate Python documentation in HTML or text for interactive use.



In the Python interpreter, do "from pydoc import help" to provide online

help.  Calling help(thing) on a Python object documents the object.



Or, at the shell command line outside of Python:



Run "pydoc <name>" to show documentation on something.  <name> may be

the name of a function, module, package, or a dotted reference to a

class or function within a module or module in a package.  If the

argument contains a path segment delimiter (e.g. slash on Unix,

backslash on Windows) it is treated as the path to a Python source file.



Run "pydoc -k <keyword>" to search for a keyword in the synopsis lines

of all available modules.



Run "pydoc -p <port>" to start an HTTP server on a given port on the

local machine to generate documentation web pages.



For platforms without a command line, "pydoc -g" starts the HTTP server

and also pops up a little window for controlling it.



Run "pydoc -w <name>" to write out the HTML documentation for a module

to a file named "<name>.html".



Module docs for core modules are assumed to be in



    http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/



This can be overridden by setting the PYTHONDOCS environment variable

to a different URL or to a local directory containing the Library

Reference Manual pages.

"""



__author__ = "Ka-Ping Yee <ping@lfw.org>"

__date__ = "26 February 2001"



__version__ = "$Revision: 58661 $"

__credits__ = """Guido van Rossum, for an excellent programming language.

Tommy Burnette, the original creator of manpy.

Paul Prescod, for all his work on onlinehelp.

Richard Chamberlain, for the first implementation of textdoc.

"""



# Known bugs that can't be fixed here:

#   - imp.load_module() cannot be prevented from clobbering existing

#     loaded modules, so calling synopsis() on a binary module file

#     changes the contents of any existing module with the same name.

#   - If the __file__ attribute on a module is a relative path and

#     the current directory is changed with os.chdir(), an incorrect

#     path will be displayed.



import sys, imp, os, re, types, inspect, __builtin__, pkgutil

if not hasattr(pkgutil,'walk_packages'):

    import _pkgutil as pkgutil



from repr import Repr

from string import expandtabs, find, join, lower, split, strip, rfind, rstrip

try:

    from collections import deque

except ImportError:

    # Python 2.3 compatibility

    class deque(list):

        def popleft(self):

            return self.pop(0)



# --------------------------------------------------------- common routines



def pathdirs():

    """Convert sys.path into a list of absolute, existing, unique paths."""

    dirs = []

    normdirs = []

    for dir in sys.path:

        dir = os.path.abspath(dir or '.')

        normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)

        if normdir not in normdirs and os.path.isdir(dir):

            dirs.append(dir)

            normdirs.append(normdir)

    return dirs



def getdoc(object):

    """Get the doc string or comments for an object."""

    result = inspect.getdoc(object) or inspect.getcomments(object)

    return result and re.sub('^ *\n', '', rstrip(result)) or ''



def splitdoc(doc):

    """Split a doc string into a synopsis line (if any) and the rest."""

    lines = split(strip(doc), '\n')

    if len(lines) == 1:

        return lines[0], ''

    elif len(lines) >= 2 and not rstrip(lines[1]):

        return lines[0], join(lines[2:], '\n')

    return '', join(lines, '\n')



def classname(object, modname):

    """Get a class name and qualify it with a module name if necessary."""

    name = object.__name__

    if object.__module__ != modname:

        name = object.__module__ + '.' + name

    return name



def isdata(object):

    """Check if an object is of a type that probably means it's data."""

    return not (inspect.ismodule(object) or inspect.isclass(object) or

                inspect.isroutine(object) or inspect.isframe(object) or

                inspect.istraceback(object) or inspect.iscode(object))



def replace(text, *pairs):

    """Do a series of global replacements on a string."""

    while pairs:

        text = join(split(text, pairs[0]), pairs[1])

        pairs = pairs[2:]

    return text



def cram(text, maxlen):

    """Omit part of a string if needed to make it fit in a maximum length."""

    if len(text) > maxlen:

        pre = max(0, (maxlen-3)//2)

        post = max(0, maxlen-3-pre)

        return text[:pre] + '...' + text[len(text)-post:]

    return text



_re_stripid = re.compile(r' at 0x[0-9a-f]{6,16}(>+)$', re.IGNORECASE)

def stripid(text):

    """Remove the hexadecimal id from a Python object representation."""

    # The behaviour of %p is implementation-dependent in terms of case.

    if _re_stripid.search(repr(Exception)):

        return _re_stripid.sub(r'\1', text)

    return text



def _is_some_method(obj):

    return inspect.ismethod(obj) or inspect.ismethoddescriptor(obj)



def allmethods(cl):

    methods = {}

    for key, value in inspect.getmembers(cl, _is_some_method):

        methods[key] = 1

    for base in cl.__bases__:

        methods.update(allmethods(base)) # all your base are belong to us

    for key in methods.keys():

        methods[key] = getattr(cl, key)

    return methods



def _split_list(s, predicate):

    """Split sequence s via predicate, and return pair ([true], [false]).



    The return value is a 2-tuple of lists,

        ([x for x in s if predicate(x)],

         [x for x in s if not predicate(x)])

    """



    yes = []

    no = []

    for x in s:

        if predicate(x):

            yes.append(x)

        else:

            no.append(x)

    return yes, no



def visiblename(name, all=None):

    """Decide whether to show documentation on a variable."""

    # Certain special names are redundant.

    if name in ('__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__path__',

                '__module__', '__name__', '__slots__'): return 0

    # Private names are hidden, but special names are displayed.

    if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'): return 1

    if all is not None:

        # only document that which the programmer exported in __all__

        return name in all

    else:

        return not name.startswith('_')



def classify_class_attrs(object):

    """Wrap inspect.classify_class_attrs, with fixup for data descriptors."""

    def fixup((name, kind, cls, value)):

        if inspect.isdatadescriptor(value):

            kind = 'data descriptor'

        return name, kind, cls, value

    return map(fixup, inspect.classify_class_attrs(object))



# ----------------------------------------------------- module manipulation



def ispackage(path):

    """Guess whether a path refers to a package directory."""

    if os.path.isdir(path):

        for ext in ('.py', '.pyc', '.pyo'):

            if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(path, '__init__' + ext)):

                return True

    return False



def source_synopsis(file):

    line = file.readline()

    while line[:1] == '#' or not strip(line):

        line = file.readline()

        if not line: break

    line = strip(line)

    if line[:4] == 'r"""': line = line[1:]

    if line[:3] == '"""':

        line = line[3:]

        if line[-1:] == '\\': line = line[:-1]

        while not strip(line):

            line = file.readline()

            if not line: break

        result = strip(split(line, '"""')[0])

    else: result = None

    return result



def synopsis(filename, cache={}):

    """Get the one-line summary out of a module file."""

    mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime

    lastupdate, result = cache.get(filename, (0, None))

    if lastupdate < mtime:

        info = inspect.getmoduleinfo(filename)

        try:

            file = open(filename)

        except IOError:

            # module can't be opened, so skip it

            return None

        if info and 'b' in info[2]: # binary modules have to be imported

            try: module = imp.load_module('__temp__', file, filename, info[1:])

            except: return None

            result = (module.__doc__ or '').splitlines()[0]

            del sys.modules['__temp__']

        else: # text modules can be directly examined

            result = source_synopsis(file)

            file.close()

        cache[filename] = (mtime, result)

    return result



class ErrorDuringImport(Exception):

    """Errors that occurred while trying to import something to document it."""

    def __init__(self, filename, (exc, value, tb)):

        self.filename = filename

        self.exc = exc

        self.value = value

        self.tb = tb



    def __str__(self):

        exc = self.exc

        if type(exc) is types.ClassType:

            exc = exc.__name__

        return 'problem in %s - %s: %s' % (self.filename, exc, self.value)



def importfile(path):

    """Import a Python source file or compiled file given its path."""

    magic = imp.get_magic()

    file = open(path, 'r')

    if file.read(len(magic)) == magic:

        kind = imp.PY_COMPILED

    else:

        kind = imp.PY_SOURCE

    file.close()

    filename = os.path.basename(path)

    name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)

    file = open(path, 'r')

    try:

        module = imp.load_module(name, file, path, (ext, 'r', kind))

    except:

        raise ErrorDuringImport(path, sys.exc_info())

    file.close()

    return module



def safeimport(path, forceload=0, cache={}):

    """Import a module; handle errors; return None if the module isn't found.



    If the module *is* found but an exception occurs, it's wrapped in an

    ErrorDuringImport exception and reraised.  Unlike __import__, if a

    package path is specified, the module at the end of the path is returned,

    not the package at the beginning.  If the optional 'forceload' argument

    is 1, we reload the module from disk (unless it's a dynamic extension)."""

    try:

        # If forceload is 1 and the module has been previously loaded from

        # disk, we always have to reload the module.  Checking the file's

        # mtime isn't good enough (e.g. the module could contain a class

        # that inherits from another module that has changed).

        if forceload and path in sys.modules:

            if path not in sys.builtin_module_names:

                # Avoid simply calling reload() because it leaves names in

                # the currently loaded module lying around if they're not

                # defined in the new source file.  Instead, remove the

                # module from sys.modules and re-import.  Also remove any

                # submodules because they won't appear in the newly loaded

                # module's namespace if they're already in sys.modules.

                subs = [m for m in sys.modules if m.startswith(path + '.')]

                for key in [path] + subs:

                    # Prevent garbage collection.

                    cache[key] = sys.modules[key]

                    del sys.modules[key]

        module = __import__(path)

    except:

        # Did the error occur before or after the module was found?

        (exc, value, tb) = info = sys.exc_info()

        if path in sys.modules:

            # An error occurred while executing the imported module.

            raise ErrorDuringImport(sys.modules[path].__file__, info)

        elif exc is SyntaxError:

            # A SyntaxError occurred before we could execute the module.

            raise ErrorDuringImport(value.filename, info)

        elif exc is ImportError and \

             split(lower(str(value)))[:2] == ['no', 'module']:

            # The module was not found.

            return None

        else:

            # Some other error occurred during the importing process.

            raise ErrorDuringImport(path, sys.exc_info())

    for part in split(path, '.')[1:]:

        try: module = getattr(module, part)

        except AttributeError: return None

    return module



# ---------------------------------------------------- formatter base class



class Doc:

    def document(self, object, name=None, *args):

        """Generate documentation for an object."""

        args = (object, name) + args

        # 'try' clause is to attempt to handle the possibility that inspect

        # identifies something in a way that pydoc itself has issues handling;

        # think 'super' and how it is a descriptor (which raises the exception

        # by lacking a __name__ attribute) and an instance.

        try:

            if inspect.ismodule(object): return self.docmodule(*args)

            if inspect.isclass(object): return self.docclass(*args)

            if inspect.isroutine(object): return self.docroutine(*args)

        except AttributeError:

            pass

        if isinstance(object, property): return self.docproperty(*args)

        return self.docother(*args)



    def fail(self, object, name=None, *args):

        """Raise an exception for unimplemented types."""

        message = "don't know how to document object%s of type %s" % (

            name and ' ' + repr(name), type(object).__name__)

        raise TypeError, message



    docmodule = docclass = docroutine = docother = fail



    def getdocloc(self, object):

        """Return the location of module docs or None"""



        try:

            file = inspect.getabsfile(object)

        except TypeError:

            file = '(built-in)'



        docloc = os.environ.get("PYTHONDOCS",

                                "http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib")

        basedir = os.path.join(sys.exec_prefix, "lib",

                               "python"+sys.version[0:3])

        if (isinstance(object, type(os)) and

            (object.__name__ in ('errno', 'exceptions', 'gc', 'imp',

                                 'marshal', 'posix', 'signal', 'sys',

                                 'thread', 'zipimport') or

             (file.startswith(basedir) and

              not file.startswith(os.path.join(basedir, 'site-packages'))))):

            htmlfile = "module-%s.html" % object.__name__

            if docloc.startswith("http://"):

                docloc = "%s/%s" % (docloc.rstrip("/"), htmlfile)

            else:

                docloc = os.path.join(docloc, htmlfile)

        else:

            docloc = None

        return docloc



# -------------------------------------------- HTML documentation generator



class HTMLRepr(Repr):

    """Class for safely making an HTML representation of a Python object."""

    def __init__(self):

        Repr.__init__(self)

        self.maxlist = self.maxtuple = 20

        self.maxdict = 10

        self.maxstring = self.maxother = 100



    def escape(self, text):

        return replace(text, '&', '&amp;', '<', '&lt;', '>', '&gt;')



    def repr(self, object):

        return Repr.repr(self, object)



    def repr1(self, x, level):

        if hasattr(type(x), '__name__'):

            methodname = 'repr_' + join(split(type(x).__name__), '_')

            if hasattr(self, methodname):

                return getattr(self, methodname)(x, level)

        return self.escape(cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxother))



    def repr_string(self, x, level):

        test = cram(x, self.maxstring)

        testrepr = repr(test)

        if '\\' in test and '\\' not in replace(testrepr, r'\\', ''):

            # Backslashes are only literal in the string and are never

            # needed to make any special characters, so show a raw string.

            return 'r' + testrepr[0] + self.escape(test) + testrepr[0]

        return re.sub(r'((\\[\\abfnrtv\'"]|\\[0-9]..|\\x..|\\u....)+)',

                      r'<font color="#c040c0">\1</font>',

                      self.escape(testrepr))



    repr_str = repr_string



    def repr_instance(self, x, level):

        try:

            return self.escape(cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxstring))

        except:

            return self.escape('<%s instance>' % x.__class__.__name__)



    repr_unicode = repr_string



class HTMLDoc(Doc):

    """Formatter class for HTML documentation."""



    # ------------------------------------------- HTML formatting utilities



    _repr_instance = HTMLRepr()

    repr = _repr_instance.repr

    escape = _repr_instance.escape



    def page(self, title, contents):

        """Format an HTML page."""

        return '''

<!doctype html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">

<html><head><title>Python: %s</title>

</head><body bgcolor="#f0f0f8">

%s

</body></html>''' % (title, contents)



    def heading(self, title, fgcol, bgcol, extras=''):

        """Format a page heading."""

        return '''

<table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="heading">

<tr bgcolor="%s">

<td valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>

<font color="%s" face="helvetica, arial">&nbsp;<br>%s</font></td

><td align=right valign=bottom

><font color="%s" face="helvetica, arial">%s</font></td></tr></table>

    ''' % (bgcol, fgcol, title, fgcol, extras or '&nbsp;')



    def section(self, title, fgcol, bgcol, contents, width=6,

                prelude='', marginalia=None, gap='&nbsp;'):

        """Format a section with a heading."""

        if marginalia is None:

            marginalia = '<tt>' + '&nbsp;' * width + '</tt>'

        result = '''<p>

<table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=0 summary="section">

<tr bgcolor="%s">

<td colspan=3 valign=bottom>&nbsp;<br>

<font color="%s" face="helvetica, arial">%s</font></td></tr>

    ''' % (bgcol, fgcol, title)

        if prelude:

            result = result + '''

<tr bgcolor="%s"><td rowspan=2>%s</td>

<td colspan=2>%s</td></tr>

<tr><td>%s</td>''' % (bgcol, marginalia, prelude, gap)

        else:

            result = result + '''

<tr><td bgcolor="%s">%s</td><td>%s</td>''' % (bgcol, marginalia, gap)



        return result + '\n<td width="100%%">%s</td></tr></table>' % contents



    def bigsection(self, title, *args):

        """Format a section with a big heading."""

        title = '<big><strong>%s</strong></big>' % title

        return self.section(title, *args)



    def preformat(self, text):

        """Format literal preformatted text."""

        text = self.escape(expandtabs(text))

        return replace(text, '\n\n', '\n \n', '\n\n', '\n \n',

                             ' ', '&nbsp;', '\n', '<br>\n')



    def multicolumn(self, list, format, cols=4):

        """Format a list of items into a multi-column list."""

        result = ''

        rows = (len(list)+cols-1)/cols

        for col in range(cols):

            result = result + '<td width="%d%%" valign=top>' % (100/cols)

            for i in range(rows*col, rows*col+rows):

                if i < len(list):

                    result = result + format(list[i]) + '<br>\n'

            result = result + '</td>'

        return '<table width="100%%" summary="list"><tr>%s</tr></table>' % result



    def grey(self, text): return '<font color="#909090">%s</font>' % text



    def namelink(self, name, *dicts):

        """Make a link for an identifier, given name-to-URL mappings."""

        for dict in dicts:

            if name in dict:

                return '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (dict[name], name)

        return name



    def classlink(self, object, modname):

        """Make a link for a class."""

        name, module = object.__name__, sys.modules.get(object.__module__)

        if hasattr(module, name) and getattr(module, name) is object:

            return '<a href="%s.html#%s">%s</a>' % (

                module.__name__, name, classname(object, modname))

        return classname(object, modname)



    def modulelink(self, object):

        """Make a link for a module."""

        return '<a href="%s.html">%s</a>' % (object.__name__, object.__name__)



    def modpkglink(self, (name, path, ispackage, shadowed)):

        """Make a link for a module or package to display in an index."""

        if shadowed:

            return self.grey(name)

        if path:

            url = '%s.%s.html' % (path, name)

        else:

            url = '%s.html' % name

        if ispackage:

            text = '<strong>%s</strong>&nbsp;(package)' % name

        else:

            text = name

        return '<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, text)



    def markup(self, text, escape=None, funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}):

        """Mark up some plain text, given a context of symbols to look for.

        Each context dictionary maps object names to anchor names."""

        escape = escape or self.escape

        results = []

        here = 0

        pattern = re.compile(r'\b((http|ftp)://\S+[\w/]|'

                                r'RFC[- ]?(\d+)|'

                                r'PEP[- ]?(\d+)|'

                                r'(self\.)?(\w+))')

        while True:

            match = pattern.search(text, here)

            if not match: break

            start, end = match.span()

            results.append(escape(text[here:start]))



            all, scheme, rfc, pep, selfdot, name = match.groups()

            if scheme:

                url = escape(all).replace('"', '&quot;')

                results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, url))

            elif rfc:

                url = 'http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc%d.txt' % int(rfc)

                results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(all)))

            elif pep:

                url = 'http://www.python.org/peps/pep-%04d.html' % int(pep)

                results.append('<a href="%s">%s</a>' % (url, escape(all)))

            elif text[end:end+1] == '(':

                results.append(self.namelink(name, methods, funcs, classes))

            elif selfdot:

                results.append('self.<strong>%s</strong>' % name)

            else:

                results.append(self.namelink(name, classes))

            here = end

        results.append(escape(text[here:]))

        return join(results, '')



    # ---------------------------------------------- type-specific routines



    def formattree(self, tree, modname, parent=None):

        """Produce HTML for a class tree as given by inspect.getclasstree()."""

        result = ''

        for entry in tree:

            if type(entry) is type(()):

                c, bases = entry

                result = result + '<dt><font face="helvetica, arial">'

                result = result + self.classlink(c, modname)

                if bases and bases != (parent,):

                    parents = []

                    for base in bases:

                        parents.append(self.classlink(base, modname))

                    result = result + '(' + join(parents, ', ') + ')'

                result = result + '\n</font></dt>'

            elif type(entry) is type([]):

                result = result + '<dd>\n%s</dd>\n' % self.formattree(

                    entry, modname, c)

        return '<dl>\n%s</dl>\n' % result



    def docmodule(self, object, name=None, mod=None, *ignored):

        """Produce HTML documentation for a module object."""

        name = object.__name__ # ignore the passed-in name

        try:

            all = object.__all__

        except AttributeError:

            all = None

        parts = split(name, '.')

        links = []

        for i in range(len(parts)-1):

            links.append(

                '<a href="%s.html"><font color="#ffffff">%s</font></a>' %

                (join(parts[:i+1], '.'), parts[i]))

        linkedname = join(links + parts[-1:], '.')

        head = '<big><big><strong>%s</strong></big></big>' % linkedname

        try:

            path = inspect.getabsfile(object)

            url = path

            if sys.platform == 'win32':

                import nturl2path

                url = nturl2path.pathname2url(path)

            filelink = '<a href="file:%s">%s</a>' % (url, path)

        except TypeError:

            filelink = '(built-in)'

        info = []

        if hasattr(object, '__version__'):

            version = str(object.__version__)

            if version[:11] == '$' + 'Revision: ' and version[-1:] == '$':

                version = strip(version[11:-1])

            info.append('version %s' % self.escape(version))

        if hasattr(object, '__date__'):

            info.append(self.escape(str(object.__date__)))

        if info:

            head = head + ' (%s)' % join(info, ', ')

        docloc = self.getdocloc(object)

        if docloc is not None:

            docloc = '<br><a href="%(docloc)s">Module Docs</a>' % locals()

        else:

            docloc = ''

        result = self.heading(

            head, '#ffffff', '#7799ee',

            '<a href=".">index</a><br>' + filelink + docloc)



        modules = inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.ismodule)



        classes, cdict = [], {}

        for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isclass):

            # if __all__ exists, believe it.  Otherwise use old heuristic.

            if (all is not None or

                (inspect.getmodule(value) or object) is object):

                if visiblename(key, all):

                    classes.append((key, value))

                    cdict[key] = cdict[value] = '#' + key

        for key, value in classes:

            for base in value.__bases__:

                key, modname = base.__name__, base.__module__

                module = sys.modules.get(modname)

                if modname != name and module and hasattr(module, key):

                    if getattr(module, key) is base:

                        if not key in cdict:

                            cdict[key] = cdict[base] = modname + '.html#' + key

        funcs, fdict = [], {}

        for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isroutine):

            # if __all__ exists, believe it.  Otherwise use old heuristic.

            if (all is not None or

                inspect.isbuiltin(value) or inspect.getmodule(value) is object):

                if visiblename(key, all):

                    funcs.append((key, value))

                    fdict[key] = '#-' + key

                    if inspect.isfunction(value): fdict[value] = fdict[key]

        data = []

        for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, isdata):

            if visiblename(key, all):

                data.append((key, value))



        doc = self.markup(getdoc(object), self.preformat, fdict, cdict)

        doc = doc and '<tt>%s</tt>' % doc

        result = result + '<p>%s</p>\n' % doc



        if hasattr(object, '__path__'):

            modpkgs = []

            for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(object.__path__):

                modpkgs.append((modname, name, ispkg, 0))

            modpkgs.sort()

            contents = self.multicolumn(modpkgs, self.modpkglink)

            result = result + self.bigsection(

                'Package Contents', '#ffffff', '#aa55cc', contents)

        elif modules:

            contents = self.multicolumn(

                modules, lambda (key, value), s=self: s.modulelink(value))

            result = result + self.bigsection(

                'Modules', '#fffff', '#aa55cc', contents)



        if classes:

            classlist = map(lambda (key, value): value, classes)

            contents = [

                self.formattree(inspect.getclasstree(classlist, 1), name)]

            for key, value in classes:

                contents.append(self.document(value, key, name, fdict, cdict))

            result = result + self.bigsection(

                'Classes', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', join(contents))

        if funcs:

            contents = []

            for key, value in funcs:

                contents.append(self.document(value, key, name, fdict, cdict))

            result = result + self.bigsection(

                'Functions', '#ffffff', '#eeaa77', join(contents))

        if data:

            contents = []

            for key, value in data:

                contents.append(self.document(value, key))

            result = result + self.bigsection(

                'Data', '#ffffff', '#55aa55', join(contents, '<br>\n'))

        if hasattr(object, '__author__'):

            contents = self.markup(str(object.__author__), self.preformat)

            result = result + self.bigsection(

                'Author', '#ffffff', '#7799ee', contents)

        if hasattr(object, '__credits__'):

            contents = self.markup(str(object.__credits__), self.preformat)

            result = result + self.bigsection(

                'Credits', '#ffffff', '#7799ee', contents)



        return result



    def docclass(self, object, name=None, mod=None, funcs={}, classes={},

                 *ignored):

        """Produce HTML documentation for a class object."""

        realname = object.__name__

        name = name or realname

        bases = object.__bases__



        contents = []

        push = contents.append



        # Cute little class to pump out a horizontal rule between sections.

        class HorizontalRule:

            def __init__(self):

                self.needone = 0

            def maybe(self):

                if self.needone:

                    push('<hr>\n')

                self.needone = 1

        hr = HorizontalRule()



        # List the mro, if non-trivial.

        mro = deque(inspect.getmro(object))

        if len(mro) > 2:

            hr.maybe()

            push('<dl><dt>Method resolution order:</dt>\n')

            for base in mro:

                push('<dd>%s</dd>\n' % self.classlink(base,

                                                      object.__module__))

            push('</dl>\n')



        def spill(msg, attrs, predicate):

            ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate)

            if ok:

                hr.maybe()

                push(msg)

                for name, kind, homecls, value in ok:

                    push(self.document(getattr(object, name), name, mod,

                                       funcs, classes, mdict, object))

                    push('\n')

            return attrs



        def spilldescriptors(msg, attrs, predicate):

            ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate)

            if ok:

                hr.maybe()

                push(msg)

                for name, kind, homecls, value in ok:

                    push(self._docdescriptor(name, value, mod))

            return attrs



        def spilldata(msg, attrs, predicate):

            ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate)

            if ok:

                hr.maybe()

                push(msg)

                for name, kind, homecls, value in ok:

                    base = self.docother(getattr(object, name), name, mod)

                    if callable(value) or inspect.isdatadescriptor(value):

                        doc = getattr(value, "__doc__", None)

                    else:

                        doc = None

                    if doc is None:

                        push('<dl><dt>%s</dl>\n' % base)

                    else:

                        doc = self.markup(getdoc(value), self.preformat,

                                          funcs, classes, mdict)

                        doc = '<dd><tt>%s</tt>' % doc

                        push('<dl><dt>%s%s</dl>\n' % (base, doc))

                    push('\n')

            return attrs



        attrs = filter(lambda (name, kind, cls, value): visiblename(name),

                       classify_class_attrs(object))

        mdict = {}

        for key, kind, homecls, value in attrs:

            mdict[key] = anchor = '#' + name + '-' + key

            value = getattr(object, key)

            try:

                # The value may not be hashable (e.g., a data attr with

                # a dict or list value).

                mdict[value] = anchor

            except TypeError:

                pass



        while attrs:

            if mro:

                thisclass = mro.popleft()

            else:

                thisclass = attrs[0][2]

            attrs, inherited = _split_list(attrs, lambda t: t[2] is thisclass)



            if thisclass is __builtin__.object:

                attrs = inherited

                continue

            elif thisclass is object:

                tag = 'defined here'

            else:

                tag = 'inherited from %s' % self.classlink(thisclass,

                                                           object.__module__)

            tag += ':<br>\n'



            # Sort attrs by name.

            try:

                attrs.sort(key=lambda t: t[0])

            except TypeError:

                attrs.sort(lambda t1, t2: cmp(t1[0], t2[0]))    # 2.3 compat



            # Pump out the attrs, segregated by kind.

            attrs = spill('Methods %s' % tag, attrs,

                          lambda t: t[1] == 'method')

            attrs = spill('Class methods %s' % tag, attrs,

                          lambda t: t[1] == 'class method')

            attrs = spill('Static methods %s' % tag, attrs,

                          lambda t: t[1] == 'static method')

            attrs = spilldescriptors('Data descriptors %s' % tag, attrs,

                                     lambda t: t[1] == 'data descriptor')

            attrs = spilldata('Data and other attributes %s' % tag, attrs,

                              lambda t: t[1] == 'data')

            assert attrs == []

            attrs = inherited



        contents = ''.join(contents)



        if name == realname:

            title = '<a name="%s">class <strong>%s</strong></a>' % (

                name, realname)

        else:

            title = '<strong>%s</strong> = <a name="%s">class %s</a>' % (

                name, name, realname)

        if bases:

            parents = []

            for base in bases:

                parents.append(self.classlink(base, object.__module__))

            title = title + '(%s)' % join(parents, ', ')

        doc = self.markup(getdoc(object), self.preformat, funcs, classes, mdict)

        doc = doc and '<tt>%s<br>&nbsp;</tt>' % doc



        return self.section(title, '#000000', '#ffc8d8', contents, 3, doc)



    def formatvalue(self, object):

        """Format an argument default value as text."""

        return self.grey('=' + self.repr(object))



    def docroutine(self, object, name=None, mod=None,

                   funcs={}, classes={}, methods={}, cl=None):

        """Produce HTML documentation for a function or method object."""

        realname = object.__name__

        name = name or realname

        anchor = (cl and cl.__name__ or '') + '-' + name

        note = ''

        skipdocs = 0

        if inspect.ismethod(object):

            imclass = object.im_class

            if cl:

                if imclass is not cl:

                    note = ' from ' + self.classlink(imclass, mod)

            else:

                if object.im_self:

                    note = ' method of %s instance' % self.classlink(

                        object.im_self.__class__, mod)

                else:

                    note = ' unbound %s method' % self.classlink(imclass,mod)

            object = object.im_func



        if name == realname:

            title = '<a name="%s"><strong>%s</strong></a>' % (anchor, realname)

        else:

            if (cl and realname in cl.__dict__ and

                cl.__dict__[realname] is object):

                reallink = '<a href="#%s">%s</a>' % (

                    cl.__name__ + '-' + realname, realname)

                skipdocs = 1

            else:

                reallink = realname

            title = '<a name="%s"><strong>%s</strong></a> = %s' % (

                anchor, name, reallink)

        if inspect.isfunction(object):

            args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(object)

            argspec = inspect.formatargspec(

                args, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatvalue=self.formatvalue)

            if realname == '<lambda>':

                title = '<strong>%s</strong> <em>lambda</em> ' % name

                argspec = argspec[1:-1] # remove parentheses

        else:

            argspec = '(...)'



        decl = title + argspec + (note and self.grey(

               '<font face="helvetica, arial">%s</font>' % note))



        if skipdocs:

            return '<dl><dt>%s</dt></dl>\n' % decl

        else:

            doc = self.markup(

                getdoc(object), self.preformat, funcs, classes, methods)

            doc = doc and '<dd><tt>%s</tt></dd>' % doc

            return '<dl><dt>%s</dt>%s</dl>\n' % (decl, doc)



    def _docdescriptor(self, name, value, mod):

        results = []

        push = results.append



        if name:

            push('<dl><dt><strong>%s</strong></dt>\n' % name)

        if value.__doc__ is not None:

            doc = self.markup(getdoc(value), self.preformat)

            push('<dd><tt>%s</tt></dd>\n' % doc)

        push('</dl>\n')



        return ''.join(results)



    def docproperty(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None):

        """Produce html documentation for a property."""

        return self._docdescriptor(name, object, mod)



    def docother(self, object, name=None, mod=None, *ignored):

        """Produce HTML documentation for a data object."""

        lhs = name and '<strong>%s</strong> = ' % name or ''

        return lhs + self.repr(object)



    def index(self, dir, shadowed=None):

        """Generate an HTML index for a directory of modules."""

        modpkgs = []

        if shadowed is None: shadowed = {}

        for importer, name, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules([dir]):

            modpkgs.append((name, '', ispkg, name in shadowed))

            shadowed[name] = 1



        modpkgs.sort()

        contents = self.multicolumn(modpkgs, self.modpkglink)

        return self.bigsection(dir, '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents)



# -------------------------------------------- text documentation generator



class TextRepr(Repr):

    """Class for safely making a text representation of a Python object."""

    def __init__(self):

        Repr.__init__(self)

        self.maxlist = self.maxtuple = 20

        self.maxdict = 10

        self.maxstring = self.maxother = 100



    def repr1(self, x, level):

        if hasattr(type(x), '__name__'):

            methodname = 'repr_' + join(split(type(x).__name__), '_')

            if hasattr(self, methodname):

                return getattr(self, methodname)(x, level)

        return cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxother)



    def repr_string(self, x, level):

        test = cram(x, self.maxstring)

        testrepr = repr(test)

        if '\\' in test and '\\' not in replace(testrepr, r'\\', ''):

            # Backslashes are only literal in the string and are never

            # needed to make any special characters, so show a raw string.

            return 'r' + testrepr[0] + test + testrepr[0]

        return testrepr



    repr_str = repr_string



    def repr_instance(self, x, level):

        try:

            return cram(stripid(repr(x)), self.maxstring)

        except:

            return '<%s instance>' % x.__class__.__name__



class TextDoc(Doc):

    """Formatter class for text documentation."""



    # ------------------------------------------- text formatting utilities



    _repr_instance = TextRepr()

    repr = _repr_instance.repr



    def bold(self, text):

        """Format a string in bold by overstriking."""

        return join(map(lambda ch: ch + '\b' + ch, text), '')



    def indent(self, text, prefix='    '):

        """Indent text by prepending a given prefix to each line."""

        if not text: return ''

        lines = split(text, '\n')

        lines = map(lambda line, prefix=prefix: prefix + line, lines)

        if lines: lines[-1] = rstrip(lines[-1])

        return join(lines, '\n')



    def section(self, title, contents):

        """Format a section with a given heading."""

        return self.bold(title) + '\n' + rstrip(self.indent(contents)) + '\n\n'



    # ---------------------------------------------- type-specific routines



    def formattree(self, tree, modname, parent=None, prefix=''):

        """Render in text a class tree as returned by inspect.getclasstree()."""

        result = ''

        for entry in tree:

            if type(entry) is type(()):

                c, bases = entry

                result = result + prefix + classname(c, modname)

                if bases and bases != (parent,):

                    parents = map(lambda c, m=modname: classname(c, m), bases)

                    result = result + '(%s)' % join(parents, ', ')

                result = result + '\n'

            elif type(entry) is type([]):

                result = result + self.formattree(

                    entry, modname, c, prefix + '    ')

        return result



    def docmodule(self, object, name=None, mod=None):

        """Produce text documentation for a given module object."""

        name = object.__name__ # ignore the passed-in name

        synop, desc = splitdoc(getdoc(object))

        result = self.section('NAME', name + (synop and ' - ' + synop))



        try:

            all = object.__all__

        except AttributeError:

            all = None



        try:

            file = inspect.getabsfile(object)

        except TypeError:

            file = '(built-in)'

        result = result + self.section('FILE', file)



        docloc = self.getdocloc(object)

        if docloc is not None:

            result = result + self.section('MODULE DOCS', docloc)



        if desc:

            result = result + self.section('DESCRIPTION', desc)



        classes = []

        for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isclass):

            # if __all__ exists, believe it.  Otherwise use old heuristic.

            if (all is not None

                or (inspect.getmodule(value) or object) is object):

                if visiblename(key, all):

                    classes.append((key, value))

        funcs = []

        for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, inspect.isroutine):

            # if __all__ exists, believe it.  Otherwise use old heuristic.

            if (all is not None or

                inspect.isbuiltin(value) or inspect.getmodule(value) is object):

                if visiblename(key, all):

                    funcs.append((key, value))

        data = []

        for key, value in inspect.getmembers(object, isdata):

            if visiblename(key, all):

                data.append((key, value))



        if hasattr(object, '__path__'):

            modpkgs = []

            for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.iter_modules(object.__path__):

                if ispkg:

                    modpkgs.append(modname + ' (package)')

                else:

                    modpkgs.append(modname)



            modpkgs.sort()

            result = result + self.section(

                'PACKAGE CONTENTS', join(modpkgs, '\n'))



        if classes:

            classlist = map(lambda (key, value): value, classes)

            contents = [self.formattree(

                inspect.getclasstree(classlist, 1), name)]

            for key, value in classes:

                contents.append(self.document(value, key, name))

            result = result + self.section('CLASSES', join(contents, '\n'))



        if funcs:

            contents = []

            for key, value in funcs:

                contents.append(self.document(value, key, name))

            result = result + self.section('FUNCTIONS', join(contents, '\n'))



        if data:

            contents = []

            for key, value in data:

                contents.append(self.docother(value, key, name, maxlen=70))

            result = result + self.section('DATA', join(contents, '\n'))



        if hasattr(object, '__version__'):

            version = str(object.__version__)

            if version[:11] == '$' + 'Revision: ' and version[-1:] == '$':

                version = strip(version[11:-1])

            result = result + self.section('VERSION', version)

        if hasattr(object, '__date__'):

            result = result + self.section('DATE', str(object.__date__))

        if hasattr(object, '__author__'):

            result = result + self.section('AUTHOR', str(object.__author__))

        if hasattr(object, '__credits__'):

            result = result + self.section('CREDITS', str(object.__credits__))

        return result



    def docclass(self, object, name=None, mod=None):

        """Produce text documentation for a given class object."""

        realname = object.__name__

        name = name or realname

        bases = object.__bases__



        def makename(c, m=object.__module__):

            return classname(c, m)



        if name == realname:

            title = 'class ' + self.bold(realname)

        else:

            title = self.bold(name) + ' = class ' + realname

        if bases:

            parents = map(makename, bases)

            title = title + '(%s)' % join(parents, ', ')



        doc = getdoc(object)

        contents = doc and [doc + '\n'] or []

        push = contents.append



        # List the mro, if non-trivial.

        mro = deque(inspect.getmro(object))

        if len(mro) > 2:

            push("Method resolution order:")

            for base in mro:

                push('    ' + makename(base))

            push('')



        # Cute little class to pump out a horizontal rule between sections.

        class HorizontalRule:

            def __init__(self):

                self.needone = 0

            def maybe(self):

                if self.needone:

                    push('-' * 70)

                self.needone = 1

        hr = HorizontalRule()



        def spill(msg, attrs, predicate):

            ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate)

            if ok:

                hr.maybe()

                push(msg)

                for name, kind, homecls, value in ok:

                    push(self.document(getattr(object, name),

                                       name, mod, object))

            return attrs



        def spilldescriptors(msg, attrs, predicate):

            ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate)

            if ok:

                hr.maybe()

                push(msg)

                for name, kind, homecls, value in ok:

                    push(self._docdescriptor(name, value, mod))

            return attrs



        def spilldata(msg, attrs, predicate):

            ok, attrs = _split_list(attrs, predicate)

            if ok:

                hr.maybe()

                push(msg)

                for name, kind, homecls, value in ok:

                    if callable(value) or inspect.isdatadescriptor(value):

                        doc = getdoc(value)

                    else:

                        doc = None

                    push(self.docother(getattr(object, name),

                                       name, mod, maxlen=70, doc=doc) + '\n')

            return attrs



        attrs = filter(lambda (name, kind, cls, value): visiblename(name),

                       classify_class_attrs(object))

        while attrs:

            if mro:

                thisclass = mro.popleft()

            else:

                thisclass = attrs[0][2]

            attrs, inherited = _split_list(attrs, lambda t: t[2] is thisclass)



            if thisclass is __builtin__.object:

                attrs = inherited

                continue

            elif thisclass is object:

                tag = "defined here"

            else:

                tag = "inherited from %s" % classname(thisclass,

                                                      object.__module__)

            filter(lambda t: not t[0].startswith('_'), attrs)



            # Sort attrs by name.

            attrs.sort()



            # Pump out the attrs, segregated by kind.

            attrs = spill("Methods %s:\n" % tag, attrs,

                          lambda t: t[1] == 'method')

            attrs = spill("Class methods %s:\n" % tag, attrs,

                          lambda t: t[1] == 'class method')

            attrs = spill("Static methods %s:\n" % tag, attrs,

                          lambda t: t[1] == 'static method')

            attrs = spilldescriptors("Data descriptors %s:\n" % tag, attrs,

                                     lambda t: t[1] == 'data descriptor')

            attrs = spilldata("Data and other attributes %s:\n" % tag, attrs,

                              lambda t: t[1] == 'data')

            assert attrs == []

            attrs = inherited



        contents = '\n'.join(contents)

        if not contents:

            return title + '\n'

        return title + '\n' + self.indent(rstrip(contents), ' |  ') + '\n'



    def formatvalue(self, object):

        """Format an argument default value as text."""

        return '=' + self.repr(object)



    def docroutine(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None):

        """Produce text documentation for a function or method object."""

        realname = object.__name__

        name = name or realname

        note = ''

        skipdocs = 0

        if inspect.ismethod(object):

            imclass = object.im_class

            if cl:

                if imclass is not cl:

                    note = ' from ' + classname(imclass, mod)

            else:

                if object.im_self:

                    note = ' method of %s instance' % classname(

                        object.im_self.__class__, mod)

                else:

                    note = ' unbound %s method' % classname(imclass,mod)

            object = object.im_func



        if name == realname:

            title = self.bold(realname)

        else:

            if (cl and realname in cl.__dict__ and

                cl.__dict__[realname] is object):

                skipdocs = 1

            title = self.bold(name) + ' = ' + realname

        if inspect.isfunction(object):

            args, varargs, varkw, defaults = inspect.getargspec(object)

            argspec = inspect.formatargspec(

                args, varargs, varkw, defaults, formatvalue=self.formatvalue)

            if realname == '<lambda>':

                title = self.bold(name) + ' lambda '

                argspec = argspec[1:-1] # remove parentheses

        else:

            argspec = '(...)'

        decl = title + argspec + note



        if skipdocs:

            return decl + '\n'

        else:

            doc = getdoc(object) or ''

            return decl + '\n' + (doc and rstrip(self.indent(doc)) + '\n')



    def _docdescriptor(self, name, value, mod):

        results = []

        push = results.append



        if name:

            push(self.bold(name))

            push('\n')

        doc = getdoc(value) or ''

        if doc:

            push(self.indent(doc))

            push('\n')

        return ''.join(results)



    def docproperty(self, object, name=None, mod=None, cl=None):

        """Produce text documentation for a property."""

        return self._docdescriptor(name, object, mod)



    def docother(self, object, name=None, mod=None, parent=None, maxlen=None, doc=None):

        """Produce text documentation for a data object."""

        repr = self.repr(object)

        if maxlen:

            line = (name and name + ' = ' or '') + repr

            chop = maxlen - len(line)

            if chop < 0: repr = repr[:chop] + '...'

        line = (name and self.bold(name) + ' = ' or '') + repr

        if doc is not None:

            line += '\n' + self.indent(str(doc))

        return line



# --------------------------------------------------------- user interfaces



def pager(text):

    """The first time this is called, determine what kind of pager to use."""

    global pager

    pager = getpager()

    pager(text)



def getpager():

    """Decide what method to use for paging through text."""

    if type(sys.stdout) is not types.FileType:

        return plainpager

    if not sys.stdin.isatty() or not sys.stdout.isatty():

        return plainpager

    if 'PAGER' in os.environ:

        if sys.platform == 'win32': # pipes completely broken in Windows

            return lambda text: tempfilepager(plain(text), os.environ['PAGER'])

        elif os.environ.get('TERM') in ('dumb', 'emacs'):

            return lambda text: pipepager(plain(text), os.environ['PAGER'])

        else:

            return lambda text: pipepager(text, os.environ['PAGER'])

    if os.environ.get('TERM') in ('dumb', 'emacs'):

        return plainpager

    if sys.platform == 'win32' or sys.platform.startswith('os2'):

        return lambda text: tempfilepager(plain(text), 'more <')

    if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('(less) 2>/dev/null') == 0:

        return lambda text: pipepager(text, 'less')



    import tempfile

    (fd, filename) = tempfile.mkstemp()

    os.close(fd)

    try:

        if hasattr(os, 'system') and os.system('more %s' % filename) == 0:

            return lambda text: pipepager(text, 'more')

        else:

            return ttypager

    finally:

        os.unlink(filename)



def plain(text):

    """Remove boldface formatting from text."""

    return re.sub('.\b', '', text)



def pipepager(text, cmd):

    """Page through text by feeding it to another program."""

    pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w')

    try:

        pipe.write(text)

        pipe.close()

    except IOError:

        pass # Ignore broken pipes caused by quitting the pager program.



def tempfilepager(text, cmd):

    """Page through text by invoking a program on a temporary file."""

    import tempfile

    filename = tempfile.mktemp()

    file = open(filename, 'w')

    file.write(text)

    file.close()

    try:

        os.system(cmd + ' ' + filename)

    finally:

        os.unlink(filename)



def ttypager(text):

    """Page through text on a text terminal."""

    lines = split(plain(text), '\n')

    try:

        import tty

        fd = sys.stdin.fileno()

        old = tty.tcgetattr(fd)

        tty.setcbreak(fd)

        getchar = lambda: sys.stdin.read(1)

    except (ImportError, AttributeError):

        tty = None

        getchar = lambda: sys.stdin.readline()[:-1][:1]



    try:

        r = inc = os.environ.get('LINES', 25) - 1

        sys.stdout.write(join(lines[:inc], '\n') + '\n')

        while lines[r:]:

            sys.stdout.write('-- more --')

            sys.stdout.flush()

            c = getchar()



            if c in ('q', 'Q'):

                sys.stdout.write('\r          \r')

                break

            elif c in ('\r', '\n'):

                sys.stdout.write('\r          \r' + lines[r] + '\n')

                r = r + 1

                continue

            if c in ('b', 'B', '\x1b'):

                r = r - inc - inc

                if r < 0: r = 0

            sys.stdout.write('\n' + join(lines[r:r+inc], '\n') + '\n')

            r = r + inc



    finally:

        if tty:

            tty.tcsetattr(fd, tty.TCSAFLUSH, old)



def plainpager(text):

    """Simply print unformatted text.  This is the ultimate fallback."""

    sys.stdout.write(plain(text))



def describe(thing):

    """Produce a short description of the given thing."""

    if inspect.ismodule(thing):

        if thing.__name__ in sys.builtin_module_names:

            return 'built-in module ' + thing.__name__

        if hasattr(thing, '__path__'):

            return 'package ' + thing.__name__

        else:

            return 'module ' + thing.__name__

    if inspect.isbuiltin(thing):

        return 'built-in function ' + thing.__name__

    if inspect.isclass(thing):

        return 'class ' + thing.__name__

    if inspect.isfunction(thing):

        return 'function ' + thing.__name__

    if inspect.ismethod(thing):

        return 'method ' + thing.__name__

    if type(thing) is types.InstanceType:

        return 'instance of ' + thing.__class__.__name__

    return type(thing).__name__



def locate(path, forceload=0):

    """Locate an object by name or dotted path, importing as necessary."""

    parts = [part for part in split(path, '.') if part]

    module, n = None, 0

    while n < len(parts):

        nextmodule = safeimport(join(parts[:n+1], '.'), forceload)

        if nextmodule: module, n = nextmodule, n + 1

        else: break

    if module:

        object = module

        for part in parts[n:]:

            try: object = getattr(object, part)

            except AttributeError: return None

        return object

    else:

        if hasattr(__builtin__, path):

            return getattr(__builtin__, path)



# --------------------------------------- interactive interpreter interface



text = TextDoc()

html = HTMLDoc()



def resolve(thing, forceload=0):

    """Given an object or a path to an object, get the object and its name."""

    if isinstance(thing, str):

        object = locate(thing, forceload)

        if not object:

            raise ImportError, 'no Python documentation found for %r' % thing

        return object, thing

    else:

        return thing, getattr(thing, '__name__', None)



def doc(thing, title='Python Library Documentation: %s', forceload=0):

    """Display text documentation, given an object or a path to an object."""

    try:

        object, name = resolve(thing, forceload)

        desc = describe(object)

        module = inspect.getmodule(object)

        if name and '.' in name:

            desc += ' in ' + name[:name.rfind('.')]

        elif module and module is not object:

            desc += ' in module ' + module.__name__

        if not (inspect.ismodule(object) or

                inspect.isclass(object) or

                inspect.isroutine(object) or

                isinstance(object, property)):

            # If the passed object is a piece of data or an instance,

            # document its available methods instead of its value.

            object = type(object)

            desc += ' object'

        pager(title % desc + '\n\n' + text.document(object, name))

    except (ImportError, ErrorDuringImport), value:

        print value



def writedoc(thing, forceload=0):

    """Write HTML documentation to a file in the current directory."""

    try:

        object, name = resolve(thing, forceload)

        page = html.page(describe(object), html.document(object, name))

        file = open(name + '.html', 'w')

        file.write(page)

        file.close()

        print 'wrote', name + '.html'

    except (ImportError, ErrorDuringImport), value:

        print value



def writedocs(dir, pkgpath='', done=None):

    """Write out HTML documentation for all modules in a directory tree."""

    if done is None: done = {}

    for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages([dir], pkgpath):

        writedoc(modname)

    return



class Helper:

    keywords = {

        'and': 'BOOLEAN',

        'assert': ('ref/assert', ''),

        'break': ('ref/break', 'while for'),

        'class': ('ref/class', 'CLASSES SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'continue': ('ref/continue', 'while for'),

        'def': ('ref/function', ''),

        'del': ('ref/del', 'BASICMETHODS'),

        'elif': 'if',

        'else': ('ref/if', 'while for'),

        'except': 'try',

        'exec': ('ref/exec', ''),

        'finally': 'try',

        'for': ('ref/for', 'break continue while'),

        'from': 'import',

        'global': ('ref/global', 'NAMESPACES'),

        'if': ('ref/if', 'TRUTHVALUE'),

        'import': ('ref/import', 'MODULES'),

        'in': ('ref/comparisons', 'SEQUENCEMETHODS2'),

        'is': 'COMPARISON',

        'lambda': ('ref/lambdas', 'FUNCTIONS'),

        'not': 'BOOLEAN',

        'or': 'BOOLEAN',

        'pass': ('ref/pass', ''),

        'print': ('ref/print', ''),

        'raise': ('ref/raise', 'EXCEPTIONS'),

        'return': ('ref/return', 'FUNCTIONS'),

        'try': ('ref/try', 'EXCEPTIONS'),

        'while': ('ref/while', 'break continue if TRUTHVALUE'),

        'yield': ('ref/yield', ''),

    }



    topics = {

        'TYPES': ('ref/types', 'STRINGS UNICODE NUMBERS SEQUENCES MAPPINGS FUNCTIONS CLASSES MODULES FILES inspect'),

        'STRINGS': ('ref/strings', 'str UNICODE SEQUENCES STRINGMETHODS FORMATTING TYPES'),

        'STRINGMETHODS': ('lib/string-methods', 'STRINGS FORMATTING'),

        'FORMATTING': ('lib/typesseq-strings', 'OPERATORS'),

        'UNICODE': ('ref/strings', 'encodings unicode SEQUENCES STRINGMETHODS FORMATTING TYPES'),

        'NUMBERS': ('ref/numbers', 'INTEGER FLOAT COMPLEX TYPES'),

        'INTEGER': ('ref/integers', 'int range'),

        'FLOAT': ('ref/floating', 'float math'),

        'COMPLEX': ('ref/imaginary', 'complex cmath'),

        'SEQUENCES': ('lib/typesseq', 'STRINGMETHODS FORMATTING xrange LISTS'),

        'MAPPINGS': 'DICTIONARIES',

        'FUNCTIONS': ('lib/typesfunctions', 'def TYPES'),

        'METHODS': ('lib/typesmethods', 'class def CLASSES TYPES'),

        'CODEOBJECTS': ('lib/bltin-code-objects', 'compile FUNCTIONS TYPES'),

        'TYPEOBJECTS': ('lib/bltin-type-objects', 'types TYPES'),

        'FRAMEOBJECTS': 'TYPES',

        'TRACEBACKS': 'TYPES',

        'NONE': ('lib/bltin-null-object', ''),

        'ELLIPSIS': ('lib/bltin-ellipsis-object', 'SLICINGS'),

        'FILES': ('lib/bltin-file-objects', ''),

        'SPECIALATTRIBUTES': ('lib/specialattrs', ''),

        'CLASSES': ('ref/types', 'class SPECIALMETHODS PRIVATENAMES'),

        'MODULES': ('lib/typesmodules', 'import'),

        'PACKAGES': 'import',

        'EXPRESSIONS': ('ref/summary', 'lambda or and not in is BOOLEAN COMPARISON BITWISE SHIFTING BINARY FORMATTING POWER UNARY ATTRIBUTES SUBSCRIPTS SLICINGS CALLS TUPLES LISTS DICTIONARIES BACKQUOTES'),

        'OPERATORS': 'EXPRESSIONS',

        'PRECEDENCE': 'EXPRESSIONS',

        'OBJECTS': ('ref/objects', 'TYPES'),

        'SPECIALMETHODS': ('ref/specialnames', 'BASICMETHODS ATTRIBUTEMETHODS CALLABLEMETHODS SEQUENCEMETHODS1 MAPPINGMETHODS SEQUENCEMETHODS2 NUMBERMETHODS CLASSES'),

        'BASICMETHODS': ('ref/customization', 'cmp hash repr str SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'ATTRIBUTEMETHODS': ('ref/attribute-access', 'ATTRIBUTES SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'CALLABLEMETHODS': ('ref/callable-types', 'CALLS SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'SEQUENCEMETHODS1': ('ref/sequence-types', 'SEQUENCES SEQUENCEMETHODS2 SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'SEQUENCEMETHODS2': ('ref/sequence-methods', 'SEQUENCES SEQUENCEMETHODS1 SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'MAPPINGMETHODS': ('ref/sequence-types', 'MAPPINGS SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'NUMBERMETHODS': ('ref/numeric-types', 'NUMBERS AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT SPECIALMETHODS'),

        'EXECUTION': ('ref/execmodel', 'NAMESPACES DYNAMICFEATURES EXCEPTIONS'),

        'NAMESPACES': ('ref/naming', 'global ASSIGNMENT DELETION DYNAMICFEATURES'),

        'DYNAMICFEATURES': ('ref/dynamic-features', ''),

        'SCOPING': 'NAMESPACES',

        'FRAMES': 'NAMESPACES',

        'EXCEPTIONS': ('ref/exceptions', 'try except finally raise'),

        'COERCIONS': ('ref/coercion-rules','CONVERSIONS'),

        'CONVERSIONS': ('ref/conversions', 'COERCIONS'),

        'IDENTIFIERS': ('ref/identifiers', 'keywords SPECIALIDENTIFIERS'),

        'SPECIALIDENTIFIERS': ('ref/id-classes', ''),

        'PRIVATENAMES': ('ref/atom-identifiers', ''),

        'LITERALS': ('ref/atom-literals', 'STRINGS BACKQUOTES NUMBERS TUPLELITERALS LISTLITERALS DICTIONARYLITERALS'),

        'TUPLES': 'SEQUENCES',

        'TUPLELITERALS': ('ref/exprlists', 'TUPLES LITERALS'),

        'LISTS': ('lib/typesseq-mutable', 'LISTLITERALS'),

        'LISTLITERALS': ('ref/lists', 'LISTS LITERALS'),

        'DICTIONARIES': ('lib/typesmapping', 'DICTIONARYLITERALS'),

        'DICTIONARYLITERALS': ('ref/dict', 'DICTIONARIES LITERALS'),

        'BACKQUOTES': ('ref/string-conversions', 'repr str STRINGS LITERALS'),

        'ATTRIBUTES': ('ref/attribute-references', 'getattr hasattr setattr ATTRIBUTEMETHODS'),

        'SUBSCRIPTS': ('ref/subscriptions', 'SEQUENCEMETHODS1'),

        'SLICINGS': ('ref/slicings', 'SEQUENCEMETHODS2'),

        'CALLS': ('ref/calls', 'EXPRESSIONS'),

        'POWER': ('ref/power', 'EXPRESSIONS'),

        'UNARY': ('ref/unary', 'EXPRESSIONS'),

        'BINARY': ('ref/binary', 'EXPRESSIONS'),

        'SHIFTING': ('ref/shifting', 'EXPRESSIONS'),

        'BITWISE': ('ref/bitwise', 'EXPRESSIONS'),

        'COMPARISON': ('ref/comparisons', 'EXPRESSIONS BASICMETHODS'),

        'BOOLEAN': ('ref/Booleans', 'EXPRESSIONS TRUTHVALUE'),

        'ASSERTION': 'assert',

        'ASSIGNMENT': ('ref/assignment', 'AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT'),

        'AUGMENTEDASSIGNMENT': ('ref/augassign', 'NUMBERMETHODS'),

        'DELETION': 'del',

        'PRINTING': 'print',

        'RETURNING': 'return',

        'IMPORTING': 'import',

        'CONDITIONAL': 'if',

        'LOOPING': ('ref/compound', 'for while break continue'),

        'TRUTHVALUE': ('lib/truth', 'if while and or not BASICMETHODS'),

        'DEBUGGING': ('lib/module-pdb', 'pdb'),

    }



    def __init__(self, input, output):

        self.input = input

        self.output = output

        self.docdir = None

        execdir = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)

        homedir = os.environ.get('PYTHONHOME')

        for dir in [os.environ.get('PYTHONDOCS'),

                    homedir and os.path.join(homedir, 'doc'),

                    os.path.join(execdir, 'doc'),

                    '/usr/doc/python-docs-' + split(sys.version)[0],

                    '/usr/doc/python-' + split(sys.version)[0],

                    '/usr/doc/python-docs-' + sys.version[:3],

                    '/usr/doc/python-' + sys.version[:3],

                    os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'Resources/English.lproj/Documentation')]:

            if dir and os.path.isdir(os.path.join(dir, 'lib')):

                self.docdir = dir



    def __repr__(self):

        if inspect.stack()[1][3] == '?':

            self()

            return ''

        return '<pydoc.Helper instance>'



    def __call__(self, request=None):

        if request is not None:

            self.help(request)

        else:

            self.intro()

            self.interact()

            self.output.write('''

You are now leaving help and returning to the Python interpreter.

If you want to ask for help on a particular object directly from the

interpreter, you can type "help(object)".  Executing "help('string')"

has the same effect as typing a particular string at the help> prompt.

''')



    def interact(self):

        self.output.write('\n')

        while True:

            try:

                request = self.getline('help> ')

                if not request: break

            except (KeyboardInterrupt, EOFError):

                break

            request = strip(replace(request, '"', '', "'", ''))

            if lower(request) in ('q', 'quit'): break

            self.help(request)



    def getline(self, prompt):

        """Read one line, using raw_input when available."""

        if self.input is sys.stdin:

            return raw_input(prompt)

        else:

            self.output.write(prompt)

            self.output.flush()

            return self.input.readline()



    def help(self, request):

        if type(request) is type(''):

            if request == 'help': self.intro()

            elif request == 'keywords': self.listkeywords()

            elif request == 'topics': self.listtopics()

            elif request == 'modules': self.listmodules()

            elif request[:8] == 'modules ':

                self.listmodules(split(request)[1])

            elif request in self.keywords: self.showtopic(request)

            elif request in self.topics: self.showtopic(request)

            elif request: doc(request, 'Help on %s:')

        elif isinstance(request, Helper): self()

        else: doc(request, 'Help on %s:')

        self.output.write('\n')



    def intro(self):

        self.output.write('''

Welcome to Python %s!  This is the online help utility.



If this is your first time using Python, you should definitely check out

the tutorial on the Internet at http://www.python.org/doc/tut/.



Enter the name of any module, keyword, or topic to get help on writing

Python programs and using Python modules.  To quit this help utility and

return to the interpreter, just type "quit".



To get a list of available modules, keywords, or topics, type "modules",

"keywords", or "topics".  Each module also comes with a one-line summary

of what it does; to list the modules whose summaries contain a given word

such as "spam", type "modules spam".

''' % sys.version[:3])



    def list(self, items, columns=4, width=80):

        items = items[:]

        items.sort()

        colw = width / columns

        rows = (len(items) + columns - 1) / columns

        for row in range(rows):

            for col in range(columns):

                i = col * rows + row

                if i < len(items):

                    self.output.write(items[i])

                    if col < columns - 1:

                        self.output.write(' ' + ' ' * (colw-1 - len(items[i])))

            self.output.write('\n')



    def listkeywords(self):

        self.output.write('''

Here is a list of the Python keywords.  Enter any keyword to get more help.



''')

        self.list(self.keywords.keys())



    def listtopics(self):

        self.output.write('''

Here is a list of available topics.  Enter any topic name to get more help.



''')

        self.list(self.topics.keys())



    def showtopic(self, topic):

        if not self.docdir:

            self.output.write('''

Sorry, topic and keyword documentation is not available because the Python

HTML documentation files could not be found.  If you have installed them,

please set the environment variable PYTHONDOCS to indicate their location.

''')

            return

        target = self.topics.get(topic, self.keywords.get(topic))

        if not target:

            self.output.write('no documentation found for %s\n' % repr(topic))

            return

        if type(target) is type(''):

            return self.showtopic(target)



        filename, xrefs = target

        filename = self.docdir + '/' + filename + '.html'

        try:

            file = open(filename)

        except:

            self.output.write('could not read docs from %s\n' % filename)

            return



        divpat = re.compile('<div[^>]*navigat.*?</div.*?>', re.I | re.S)

        addrpat = re.compile('<address.*?>.*?</address.*?>', re.I | re.S)

        document = re.sub(addrpat, '', re.sub(divpat, '', file.read()))

        file.close()



        import htmllib, formatter, StringIO

        buffer = StringIO.StringIO()

        parser = htmllib.HTMLParser(

            formatter.AbstractFormatter(formatter.DumbWriter(buffer)))

        parser.start_table = parser.do_p

        parser.end_table = lambda parser=parser: parser.do_p({})

        parser.start_tr = parser.do_br

        parser.start_td = parser.start_th = lambda a, b=buffer: b.write('\t')

        parser.feed(document)

        buffer = replace(buffer.getvalue(), '\xa0', ' ', '\n', '\n  ')

        pager('  ' + strip(buffer) + '\n')

        if xrefs:

            buffer = StringIO.StringIO()

            formatter.DumbWriter(buffer).send_flowing_data(

                'Related help topics: ' + join(split(xrefs), ', ') + '\n')

            self.output.write('\n%s\n' % buffer.getvalue())



    def listmodules(self, key=''):

        if key:

            self.output.write('''

Here is a list of matching modules.  Enter any module name to get more help.



''')

            apropos(key)

        else:

            self.output.write('''

Please wait a moment while I gather a list of all available modules...



''')

            modules = {}

            def callback(path, modname, desc, modules=modules):

                if modname and modname[-9:] == '.__init__':

                    modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)'

                if find(modname, '.') < 0:

                    modules[modname] = 1

            ModuleScanner().run(callback)

            self.list(modules.keys())

            self.output.write('''

Enter any module name to get more help.  Or, type "modules spam" to search

for modules whose descriptions contain the word "spam".

''')



help = Helper(sys.stdin, sys.stdout)



class Scanner:

    """A generic tree iterator."""

    def __init__(self, roots, children, descendp):

        self.roots = roots[:]

        self.state = []

        self.children = children

        self.descendp = descendp



    def next(self):

        if not self.state:

            if not self.roots:

                return None

            root = self.roots.pop(0)

            self.state = [(root, self.children(root))]

        node, children = self.state[-1]

        if not children:

            self.state.pop()

            return self.next()

        child = children.pop(0)

        if self.descendp(child):

            self.state.append((child, self.children(child)))

        return child





class ModuleScanner:

    """An interruptible scanner that searches module synopses."""



    def run(self, callback, key=None, completer=None):

        if key: key = lower(key)

        self.quit = False

        seen = {}



        for modname in sys.builtin_module_names:

            if modname != '__main__':

                seen[modname] = 1

                if key is None:

                    callback(None, modname, '')

                else:

                    desc = split(__import__(modname).__doc__ or '', '\n')[0]

                    if find(lower(modname + ' - ' + desc), key) >= 0:

                        callback(None, modname, desc)



        for importer, modname, ispkg in pkgutil.walk_packages():

            if self.quit:

                break

            if key is None:

                callback(None, modname, '')

            else:

                loader = importer.find_module(modname)

                if hasattr(loader,'get_source'):

                    import StringIO

                    desc = source_synopsis(

                        StringIO.StringIO(loader.get_source(modname))

                    ) or ''

                    if hasattr(loader,'get_filename'):

                        path = loader.get_filename(modname)

                    else:

                        path = None

                else:

                    module = loader.load_module(modname)

                    desc = (module.__doc__ or '').splitlines()[0]

                    path = getattr(module,'__file__',None)

                if find(lower(modname + ' - ' + desc), key) >= 0:

                    callback(path, modname, desc)



        if completer:

            completer()



def apropos(key):

    """Print all the one-line module summaries that contain a substring."""

    def callback(path, modname, desc):

        if modname[-9:] == '.__init__':

            modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)'

        print modname, desc and '- ' + desc

    try: import warnings

    except ImportError: pass

    else: warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') # ignore problems during import

    ModuleScanner().run(callback, key)



# --------------------------------------------------- web browser interface



def serve(port, callback=None, completer=None):

    import BaseHTTPServer, mimetools, select



    # Patch up mimetools.Message so it doesn't break if rfc822 is reloaded.

    class Message(mimetools.Message):

        def __init__(self, fp, seekable=1):

            Message = self.__class__

            Message.__bases__[0].__bases__[0].__init__(self, fp, seekable)

            self.encodingheader = self.getheader('content-transfer-encoding')

            self.typeheader = self.getheader('content-type')

            self.parsetype()

            self.parseplist()



    class DocHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

        def send_document(self, title, contents):

            try:

                self.send_response(200)

                self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html')

                self.end_headers()

                self.wfile.write(html.page(title, contents))

            except IOError: pass



        def do_GET(self):

            path = self.path

            if path[-5:] == '.html': path = path[:-5]

            if path[:1] == '/': path = path[1:]

            if path and path != '.':

                try:

                    obj = locate(path, forceload=1)

                except ErrorDuringImport, value:

                    self.send_document(path, html.escape(str(value)))

                    return

                if obj:

                    self.send_document(describe(obj), html.document(obj, path))

                else:

                    self.send_document(path,

'no Python documentation found for %s' % repr(path))

            else:

                heading = html.heading(

'<big><big><strong>Python: Index of Modules</strong></big></big>',

'#ffffff', '#7799ee')

                def bltinlink(name):

                    return '<a href="%s.html">%s</a>' % (name, name)

                names = filter(lambda x: x != '__main__',

                               sys.builtin_module_names)

                contents = html.multicolumn(names, bltinlink)

                indices = ['<p>' + html.bigsection(

                    'Built-in Modules', '#ffffff', '#ee77aa', contents)]



                seen = {}

                for dir in sys.path:

                    indices.append(html.index(dir, seen))

                contents = heading + join(indices) + '''<p align=right>

<font color="#909090" face="helvetica, arial"><strong>

pydoc</strong> by Ka-Ping Yee &lt;ping@lfw.org&gt;</font>'''

                self.send_document('Index of Modules', contents)



        def log_message(self, *args): pass



    class DocServer(BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer):

        def __init__(self, port, callback):

            host = (sys.platform == 'mac') and '127.0.0.1' or 'localhost'

            self.address = ('', port)

            self.url = 'http://%s:%d/' % (host, port)

            self.callback = callback

            self.base.__init__(self, self.address, self.handler)



        def serve_until_quit(self):

            import select

            self.quit = False

            while not self.quit:

                rd, wr, ex = select.select([self.socket.fileno()], [], [], 1)

                if rd: self.handle_request()



        def server_activate(self):

            self.base.server_activate(self)

            if self.callback: self.callback(self)



    DocServer.base = BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer

    DocServer.handler = DocHandler

    DocHandler.MessageClass = Message

    try:

        try:

            DocServer(port, callback).serve_until_quit()

        except (KeyboardInterrupt, select.error):

            pass

    finally:

        if completer: completer()



# ----------------------------------------------------- graphical interface



def gui():

    """Graphical interface (starts web server and pops up a control window)."""

    class GUI:

        def __init__(self, window, port=7464):

            self.window = window

            self.server = None

            self.scanner = None



            import Tkinter

            self.server_frm = Tkinter.Frame(window)

            self.title_lbl = Tkinter.Label(self.server_frm,

                text='Starting server...\n ')

            self.open_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.server_frm,

                text='open browser', command=self.open, state='disabled')

            self.quit_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.server_frm,

                text='quit serving', command=self.quit, state='disabled')



            self.search_frm = Tkinter.Frame(window)

            self.search_lbl = Tkinter.Label(self.search_frm, text='Search for')

            self.search_ent = Tkinter.Entry(self.search_frm)

            self.search_ent.bind('<Return>', self.search)

            self.stop_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.search_frm,

                text='stop', pady=0, command=self.stop, state='disabled')

            if sys.platform == 'win32':

                # Trying to hide and show this button crashes under Windows.

                self.stop_btn.pack(side='right')



            self.window.title('pydoc')

            self.window.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.quit)

            self.title_lbl.pack(side='top', fill='x')

            self.open_btn.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=1)

            self.quit_btn.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)

            self.server_frm.pack(side='top', fill='x')



            self.search_lbl.pack(side='left')

            self.search_ent.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)

            self.search_frm.pack(side='top', fill='x')

            self.search_ent.focus_set()



            font = ('helvetica', sys.platform == 'win32' and 8 or 10)

            self.result_lst = Tkinter.Listbox(window, font=font, height=6)

            self.result_lst.bind('<Button-1>', self.select)

            self.result_lst.bind('<Double-Button-1>', self.goto)

            self.result_scr = Tkinter.Scrollbar(window,

                orient='vertical', command=self.result_lst.yview)

            self.result_lst.config(yscrollcommand=self.result_scr.set)



            self.result_frm = Tkinter.Frame(window)

            self.goto_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.result_frm,

                text='go to selected', command=self.goto)

            self.hide_btn = Tkinter.Button(self.result_frm,

                text='hide results', command=self.hide)

            self.goto_btn.pack(side='left', fill='x', expand=1)

            self.hide_btn.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)



            self.window.update()

            self.minwidth = self.window.winfo_width()

            self.minheight = self.window.winfo_height()

            self.bigminheight = (self.server_frm.winfo_reqheight() +

                                 self.search_frm.winfo_reqheight() +

                                 self.result_lst.winfo_reqheight() +

                                 self.result_frm.winfo_reqheight())

            self.bigwidth, self.bigheight = self.minwidth, self.bigminheight

            self.expanded = 0

            self.window.wm_geometry('%dx%d' % (self.minwidth, self.minheight))

            self.window.wm_minsize(self.minwidth, self.minheight)

            self.window.tk.willdispatch()



            import threading

            threading.Thread(

                target=serve, args=(port, self.ready, self.quit)).start()



        def ready(self, server):

            self.server = server

            self.title_lbl.config(

                text='Python documentation server at\n' + server.url)

            self.open_btn.config(state='normal')

            self.quit_btn.config(state='normal')



        def open(self, event=None, url=None):

            url = url or self.server.url

            try:

                import webbrowser

                webbrowser.open(url)

            except ImportError: # pre-webbrowser.py compatibility

                if sys.platform == 'win32':

                    os.system('start "%s"' % url)

                elif sys.platform == 'mac':

                    try: import ic

                    except ImportError: pass

                    else: ic.launchurl(url)

                else:

                    rc = os.system('netscape -remote "openURL(%s)" &' % url)

                    if rc: os.system('netscape "%s" &' % url)



        def quit(self, event=None):

            if self.server:

                self.server.quit = 1

            self.window.quit()



        def search(self, event=None):

            key = self.search_ent.get()

            self.stop_btn.pack(side='right')

            self.stop_btn.config(state='normal')

            self.search_lbl.config(text='Searching for "%s"...' % key)

            self.search_ent.forget()

            self.search_lbl.pack(side='left')

            self.result_lst.delete(0, 'end')

            self.goto_btn.config(state='disabled')

            self.expand()



            import threading

            if self.scanner:

                self.scanner.quit = 1

            self.scanner = ModuleScanner()

            threading.Thread(target=self.scanner.run,

                             args=(self.update, key, self.done)).start()



        def update(self, path, modname, desc):

            if modname[-9:] == '.__init__':

                modname = modname[:-9] + ' (package)'

            self.result_lst.insert('end',

                modname + ' - ' + (desc or '(no description)'))



        def stop(self, event=None):

            if self.scanner:

                self.scanner.quit = 1

                self.scanner = None



        def done(self):

            self.scanner = None

            self.search_lbl.config(text='Search for')

            self.search_lbl.pack(side='left')

            self.search_ent.pack(side='right', fill='x', expand=1)

            if sys.platform != 'win32': self.stop_btn.forget()

            self.stop_btn.config(state='disabled')



        def select(self, event=None):

            self.goto_btn.config(state='normal')



        def goto(self, event=None):

            selection = self.result_lst.curselection()

            if selection:

                modname = split(self.result_lst.get(selection[0]))[0]

                self.open(url=self.server.url + modname + '.html')



        def collapse(self):

            if not self.expanded: return

            self.result_frm.forget()

            self.result_scr.forget()

            self.result_lst.forget()

            self.bigwidth = self.window.winfo_width()

            self.bigheight = self.window.winfo_height()

            self.window.wm_geometry('%dx%d' % (self.minwidth, self.minheight))

            self.window.wm_minsize(self.minwidth, self.minheight)

            self.expanded = 0



        def expand(self):

            if self.expanded: return

            self.result_frm.pack(side='bottom', fill='x')

            self.result_scr.pack(side='right', fill='y')

            self.result_lst.pack(side='top', fill='both', expand=1)

            self.window.wm_geometry('%dx%d' % (self.bigwidth, self.bigheight))

            self.window.wm_minsize(self.minwidth, self.bigminheight)

            self.expanded = 1



        def hide(self, event=None):

            self.stop()

            self.collapse()



    import Tkinter

    try:

        root = Tkinter.Tk()

        # Tk will crash if pythonw.exe has an XP .manifest

        # file and the root has is not destroyed explicitly.

        # If the problem is ever fixed in Tk, the explicit

        # destroy can go.

        try:

            gui = GUI(root)

            root.mainloop()

        finally:

            root.destroy()

    except KeyboardInterrupt:

        pass



# -------------------------------------------------- command-line interface



def ispath(x):

    return isinstance(x, str) and find(x, os.sep) >= 0



def cli():

    """Command-line interface (looks at sys.argv to decide what to do)."""

    import getopt

    class BadUsage: pass



    # Scripts don't get the current directory in their path by default.

    scriptdir = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])

    if scriptdir in sys.path:

        sys.path.remove(scriptdir)

    sys.path.insert(0, '.')



    try:

        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'gk:p:w')

        writing = 0



        for opt, val in opts:

            if opt == '-g':

                gui()

                return

            if opt == '-k':

                apropos(val)

                return

            if opt == '-p':

                try:

                    port = int(val)

                except ValueError:

                    raise BadUsage

                def ready(server):

                    print 'pydoc server ready at %s' % server.url

                def stopped():

                    print 'pydoc server stopped'

                serve(port, ready, stopped)

                return

            if opt == '-w':

                writing = 1



        if not args: raise BadUsage

        for arg in args:

            if ispath(arg) and not os.path.exists(arg):

                print 'file %r does not exist' % arg

                break

            try:

                if ispath(arg) and os.path.isfile(arg):

                    arg = importfile(arg)

                if writing:

                    if ispath(arg) and os.path.isdir(arg):

                        writedocs(arg)

                    else:

                        writedoc(arg)

                else:

                    help.help(arg)

            except ErrorDuringImport, value:

                print value



    except (getopt.error, BadUsage):

        cmd = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])

        print """pydoc - the Python documentation tool



%s <name> ...

    Show text documentation on something.  <name> may be the name of a

    Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted

    reference to a class or function within a module or module in a

    package.  If <name> contains a '%s', it is used as the path to a

    Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics',

    or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed.



%s -k <keyword>

    Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.



%s -p <port>

    Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine.



%s -g

    Pop up a graphical interface for finding and serving documentation.



%s -w <name> ...

    Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current

    directory.  If <name> contains a '%s', it is treated as a filename; if

    it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents.

""" % (cmd, os.sep, cmd, cmd, cmd, cmd, os.sep)



if __name__ == '__main__': cli()